MyMedR

Daljit SN

Family Practitioner, 1982;<I>5 </I>:21-26.

Nutrition promotion: the role of monitoring physical growth

Zulkifli SN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(4):210-6.

Growth monitoring has been included as one of the basic strategies for child survival. In this paper, the rationale for this is reiterated both for individual as well as population nutritional surveillance. Methods for and approaches to growth monitoring are described. In addition, potential problems in implementing growth monitoring projects and interpreting the results are discussed. Despite its lack of sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool, its advantages in terms of low cost, simplicity, reliability and social acceptability justify its use in nutritional surveillance, particularly in populations at risk of malnutrition.
Publication year: 1992-1993

Fulltext Blood pressure tracking as an indicator of hypertension risk

Zulkifli SN

Singapore Med J, 1992 Oct;33(5):474-7.

PMID: 1455271

The significance of high blood pressure to cardio- and cerebrovascular disease is well recognized. The associated mortality and morbidity risks call for multiple approaches to control the development of high blood pressure. Recent studies have shown that precursors of cardiovascular disorders may be apparent from a young age, and that these can persist and contribute to disease in later life. With regard to blood pressure, the phenomenon of persisting at the same rank has been referred to as tracking. This allows for the possible identification of high-risk groups, for whom early intervention can be initiated. In this paper, some of the findings of studies on blood pressure tracking are reviewed.

Fulltext Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma) in Sarawak

Kothare SN

Singapore Med J, 1981 Apr;22(2):96-8.

PMID: 7268457

This is a report of 9 cases of Pilomatrixoma (Calcifying Epithelioma) recorded in 188 benign tumours of the skin and adnexa in Sarawak during 1976 and 1977, with an incidence of 4.7 per cent. Out of the seven Chinese patients four were females. One more female was a Kayan and the race of another female patient was not recorded. Except one, all were below the age of 20 years; the youngest being only 6 months old. In one lesion ossification was also detected.

Fulltext Ovarian neoplasms in Sarawak

Kothare SN

Singapore Med J, 1980 Dec;21(6):756-9.

PMID: 7221588

This is an analysis of ovarian neoplasms encountered in Sarawak during the period January 1976-December 1977. There were 149 benign and 36 primary malignant tumours with an incidence of 44.3 per cent and 23.6 per cent respectively, in neoplasms 01 the Reproductive System. Amongst the benign ovarian tumours Dermoid Cyst
(Cystic Teratoma) was quite frequent (29.5 per cent). In malignant neoplasms Cystadenocarcinomas constituted 66.7 per cent of the total. A case each of Granulosa cell earcinoma, Adenoacanthoma and Endodermal sinus tumours, 4 of Dysgerminoma and 6 of metastatic ovarian tumours were also recorded.

Fulltext Alpha1-fetoprotein in liver disease in Sarawak

Kothare SN

Singapore Med J, 1978 Dec;19(4):220-4.

PMID: 87015

This is a preliminary report of 46 sera tested for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by the Counter immuno-electrophoresis technique in which biopsies for histopathology were also submitted. In 42 cases the needle biopsy of the liver was available. The material was divided into two groups on the basis of AFP positive and AFP negative sera and their histological diagnosis. The overall positivity rate in proven Primary liver cell carcinoma was 64.2 per cent.

Fulltext The spectrum of malignant neoplasms in Sarawak: January 1976--December 1977

Kothare SN

Singapore Med J, 1978 Jun;19(2):98-105.

PMID: 751194

This is an analysis of histologically proven neoplasms encountered in Sarawak in 1976 and 1977. There were 1447 benign and 1368 malignant tumours. The detailed breakdown of malignant neoplasms with their racial and sex distribution is reported, Lymph node involvement, with primary and metastatic lesions, constituted the largest single group with 22.3 per cent of all malignancies. The next in order of frequency was the Reproductive system with a marked preponderance of Cervical Carcinoma in females. The next in frequency were Skin cancers (8.85%) and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (8.4%). Primary liver cell cancer and Breast cancer constituted 5.85 per cent and 5.79 per cent respectively of all malignant tumours. The high prevalence of malignant neoplasms in Chinese is suggestive of racial predisposition.

Approaches to study of three Chinese national groups

Smith SN

Br J Educ Psychol, 2001 Sep;71(Pt 3):429-41.

PMID: 11593949

Although numerous studies have examined the learning approaches of Chinese students, very few comparative studies have been carried out with Chinese students from different nations.

The use of bamboo in subsoil drainage. Review of three years experiment

Struthers EA, Sinha SN

Malayan Medical Journal, 1934;9:197-9.

Recovery of synthetic dye from simulated wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane process containing tri-dodecyl amine as a mobile carrier

Othman N, Zailani SN, Mili N

J Hazard Mater, 2011 Dec 30;198:103-12.

PMID: 22023906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.014

The extraction of Red 3BS reactive dye from aqueous solution was studied using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). ELM is one of the processes that have very high potential in treating industrial wastewater consisting of dyes. In this research, Red 3BS reactive dye was extracted from simulated wastewater using tridodecylamine (TDA) as the carrier agent, salicyclic acid (SA) to protonate TDA, sodium chloride as the stripping agent, kerosene as the diluent and SPAN 80 as emulsifier. Experimental parameters investigated were salicyclic acid concentration, extraction time, SPAN 80 concentration, sodium chloride concentration, TDA concentration, agitation speed, homogenizer speed, emulsifying time and treat ratio. The results show almost 100% of Red 3BS was removed and stripped in the receiving phase at the optimum condition in this ELM system. High voltage coalesce was applied to break the emulsion hence, enables recovery of Red 3BS in the receiving phase.

Demographic and fertility characteristics of 4 squatter settlements

Yusof K, Zulkifli SN

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985;3(1):31-45.

PMID: 12268887

Impact of heat stress on health-related symptoms and physiological changes among workers at a palm oil mill in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia

Vallennie V, Isa SNI, Mazlan AZ, Shaifuddin SNM

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):82-87.

PMID: 38555890

INTRODUCTION: The palm oil (PO) industry is one of the most important sectors in the Malaysian economy. Workers at PO mills are, however, at risk for a number of health and safety issues, including heat stress, as the PO is one of the industries with high heat exposure. Heat stress occurs when a person's body cannot get rid of excess heat. Heat stress can result in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat rash, and heat stroke. It also results in physiological and psychological changes that can have an impact on a worker's performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat stress on health-related symptoms and physiological changes among workers in a PO mill.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a PO mill located in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia. Thirty-one workers from the four workstations (sterilizer, boiler, oil, and engine rooms) were selected as the respondents in this study. Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer was used in this study to measure the environmental temperature (WBGTin). Body core temperature (BCT), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded both before and after working in order to assess the physiological effects of heat stress on workers. A set of questionnaires were used to determine sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and their symptoms related to heat stress. Data were then analyzed using SPSS Ver28.

RESULTS: The WBGTin was found to be above the ACGIH threshold limit value of heat stress exposure in the engine room, sterilizer, and boiler workstations (>28.0°C). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the worker's BCT in these three workstations before and after work (p<0.05). Only the systolic BP and HR of those working at the boiler workstation showed significant difference between before and after work (p<0.05). The most typical symptoms that workers experience as a result of being exposed to heat at work include headache and fatigue. However, statistical analysis using Spearman Rho's test showed that there is no correlation between heat stress level with physiological changes and health-related symptoms among study respondents (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Results of the present study confirmed that workers in PO mill were exposed to high temperatures while at work. Although the evidence indicates the physiological parameters in general are not significantly affected while working, it also demonstrated that worker's body adapts and acclimates to the level of heat. Even so, precautions should still be taken to reduce future heat exposure. It is recommended that a physiological study be carried out that focuses on cognitive function impairment to support the evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on PO mill workers.

Fulltext Fulminant necrotising amoebic colitis: A diagnostic conundrum

Michael A, Jasjit SN, Prabhu R

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):365-6.

PMID: 26988213 MyJurnal

Fulminant necrotising amoebic colitis is a complication of untreated amoebiasis. This is seen in mainly low-income countries. It has a high mortality rate and is difficult to diagnose. We present an extremely rare case of fulminant necrotising amoebic colitis that caused diagnostic confusion in mimicking an acute abdomen, presumably caused by a perforated duodenal ulcer.

Fulltext Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to HIV/AIDS among adolescents in Malaysia

Zulkifli SN, Wong YL

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):3-23.

PMID: 14569713 MyJurnal

Findings on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to HIV/AIDS among 520 Malaysian adolescents, aged 15 to 21 years, based on a survey conducted in Peninsular Malaysia showed that the average score for knowledge on HIV/AIDS was high, and majority showed a positive attitude towards the disease. However, misconceptions regarding transmission and gender bias related to sexual behaviour and contracting the disease prevailed. Although 72 percent of the sexually-experienced did not use protection at first sexual intercourse, 80 percent did not perceive themselves to be at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. A critical review of existing HIV/AIDS prevention programmes to focus on adolescent risk-taking behaviour and sexuality issues, including male-female negotiation skills, is warranted.

Sexual practices in Malaysia: determinants of sexual intercourse among unmarried youths

Zulkifli SN, Low WY

J Adolesc Health, 2000 Oct;27(4):276-80.

PMID: 11008091

This paper describes findings on selected determinants of sexual intercourse among 468 unmarried adolescents from a survey in Malaysia. Data on respondents' background, sexual experience, contraceptive use, and sexual attitudes are provided. Based on multiple logistic regressions, factors significantly predictive of sexual experience are gender, employment, and sexual attitudes.

Sexual health education for youths--a Malaysian experience

Zulkifli SN, Low WY

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2000;12 Suppl:S58-66.

PMID: 11338741

A survey was conducted to assess student's sexual knowledge and attitudes using a questionnaire based on the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT-II) to compare medical and nursing students with students (non-medical/nursing) who registered for a sexual health course. 85 Sexual Health, 115 medical and 81 nursing students voluntarily participated in the survey. This study showed that all the student groups showed relatively low scores in knowledge. Furthermore, average knowledge scores differed significantly between the three student groups with medical students scoring highest and nursing students lowest. Besides student groups, several other factors were found to be significantly associated with Knowledge score namely, race, religion, age, perception of the importance of religion and the extent to which religious beliefs influence sexual attitudes. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analyses showed that among these factors, student group, race/religion and religious importance were significant predictors of sexual knowledge. Specifically, being a medical student was associated with higher scores relative to a non-medical student, being a Malay student was independently associated with a lower average score compared to other races, and perceiving religion as extremely important was associated with a lower score.

Actinic prurigo, tropical (South-East Asian) variant

Tham SN, Tay YK

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 1992;9(5):225-8.

PMID: 1342193

Actinic prurigo is a chronic familial photodermatitis found predominantly among the Amerindians. It has been reported from North and South America, Britain and Japan. We report a case of actinic prurigo seen in Singapore. A 20-year-old Malay female presented with a persistent pruriginous eruption in the sun-exposed parts and on her abdomen. She also had lower lip cheilitis and thinning of the outer eyebrows, features often seen in actinic prurigo. The minimal erythema dose to ultraviolet A (UVA) and UVB were persistently lowered. We propose that this condition be called actinic prurigo, tropical (South-East Asian) variant.
Publication year=1992-1993

Role of schools of public health on maternal and child health programmes in the Asia-Pacific region

Zulkifli SN, Yun-Low W, Yusof K

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1998;10(1):10-6.

PMID: 10050201

This paper assessed the role of public health schools on maternal and child health programmes in the Asia Pacific region. Economic development and its associated effects, particularly in the ASEAN countries, for example, migrant labour, ageing, environmental health, turbulence and social climate, has a tremendous impact on maternal and child health. Based on these current issues, it is evident that public health schools can play a major role in maternal and child health in terms of policy formulation and programme development. Several areas were proposed as to what schools of public health can do, namely, through networking, communication, research and training.

Kaposi's sarcoma following long term steroid therapy

Akmal SN, Wahab YA

Malays J Pathol, 1989 Aug;11:65-8.

PMID: 2633002

An 18-year-old Malay lady was treated with high dose steroids for three and a half years for idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura. At 21 years, after a series of relapses, a splenectomy was carried out. In addition, two nodules at the hilum of the spleen were also removed. Histological examination of these nodules revealed features of Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma resulting from immunosuppression by corticosteroids is rare. Our patient is the first such case reported in Malaysia.

Fulltext Recent Progress on Stability and Thermo-Physical Properties of Mono and Hybrid towards Green Nanofluids

Zainon SNM, Azmi WH

Micromachines (Basel), 2021 Feb 11;12(2).

PMID: 33670250 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020176

Many studies have shown the remarkable enhancement of thermo-physical properties with the addition of a small quantity of nanoparticles into conventional fluids. However, the long-term stability of the nanofluids, which plays a significant role in enhancing these properties, is hard to achieve, thus limiting the performance of the heat transfer fluids in practical applications. The present paper attempts to highlight various approaches used by researchers in improving and evaluating the stability of thermal fluids and thoroughly explores various factors that contribute to the enhancement of the thermo-physical properties of mono, hybrid, and green nanofluids. There are various methods to maintain the stability of nanofluids, but this paper particularly focuses on the sonication process, pH modification, and the use of surfactant. In addition, the common techniques to evaluate the stability of nanofluids are undertaken by using visual observation, TEM, FESEM, XRD, zeta potential analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Prior investigations revealed that the type of nanoparticle, particle volume concentration, size and shape of particles, temperature, and base fluids highly influence the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. In conclusion, this paper summarized the findings and strategies to enhance the stability and factors affecting the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of mono and hybrid of nanofluids towards green nanofluids.

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