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Fulltext Delays in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: a systematic review

Sreeramareddy CT, Qin ZZ, Satyanarayana S, Subbaraman R, Pai M

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2014 Mar;18(3):255-66.
PMID: 24670558 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0585

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review Indian literature on delays in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS: We searched multiple sources for studies on delays in patients with pulmonary TB and those with chest symptoms. Studies were included if numeric data on any delay were reported. Patient delay was defined as the interval between onset of symptoms and the patient's first contact with a health care provider. Diagnostic delay was defined as the interval between the first consultation with a health care provider and diagnosis. Treatment delay was defined as the interval between diagnosis and initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Total delay was defined as time interval from the onset of symptoms until treatment initiation.
RESULTS: Among 541 potential citations identified, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies used a variety of definitions for onset of symptoms and delays. Median estimates of patient, diagnostic and treatment delay were respectively 18.4 (IQR 14.3-27.0), 31.0 (IQR 24.5-35.4) and 2.5 days (IQR 1.9-3.6) for patients with TB and those with chest symptoms combined. The median total delay was 55.3 days (IQR 46.5-61.5). About 48% of all patients first consulted private providers; an average of 2.7 health care providers were consulted before diagnosis. Number and type of provider first consulted were the most important risk factors for delay.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need to develop novel strategies for reducing patient and diagnostic delays and engaging first-contact health care providers.
Bi-functional NiFe2O4/SrTiO3 S-scheme heterojunction for eminent performance photocatalytic treatment of sewage effluent and electrochemical hydrazine determination

Lam SM, Wong SM, Sin JC, Zeng H, Li H, Huang L, et al.

Environ Res, 2024 Nov 15;261:119718.
PMID: 39096993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119718

Devising of materials that afforded dual applicability in decontamination and pollutant detection were still a towering challenge owing to the increasing flux of discharge toxic contaminants over the years. Herein, the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles-loaded on cube-like SrTiO3 (NiFe2O4/SrTiO3) composite was fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal approach providing remarkable photocatalytic treatment and electrochemical sensing of noxious pollutants in wastewater. The material traits of the fabricated composite were scrutinized by myriad characterization approaches. The NiFe2O4/SrTiO3 hybrid material demonstrated high surface area of 19.81 m2/g, adequate band gap energy of 2.75 eV, and prominent photoluminescence characteristics. In the presence of visible light, the NiFe2O4/SrTiO3 exhibited profound photocatalysis capability to eliminate sewage effluent-bearing chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTCH) with 88.6% COD removal in 120 min, outperforming other pure materials. Meanwhile, the toxicity examination of effluent, the possible degradation pathway of CTCH and the proposed photocatalysis mechanism were also divulged. More importantly, the glassy carbon electrode was modified with synergized NiFe2O4/SrTiO3 (NiFe2O4/SrTiO3-GCE) was adopted for the precise quantification of Hydrazine (Hz). The NiFe2O4/SrTiO3-GCE obeyed first-order response for the Hz detection within the range of 1-10 mM: cyclic voltametric: limit of detection (LOD) of 0.119 μM with sensitivity of 18.9 μA μM-1 cm-2, and linear sweep voltametric: LOD of 0.222 μM with a sensitivity of 12.05 μA μM-1 cm-2. The stability and interference of modified electrode were also inspected. This work furnished valuable insights to yield a composite with the prominent S-scheme heterojunction system for quenching of charge carrier recombination and consequently contributing to the future realization into the domains of environmental clean-up and toxic chemical detection.
The value of amide proton transfer imaging in predicting parametrial invasion and lymph-vascular space invasion of cervical cancer

Yang C, Hassan HA, Omar NF, Soo TH, Yahaya ASB, Shi T, et al.

Magn Reson Imaging, 2024 Nov 25.
PMID: 39603395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.110282

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in assessing parametrial invasion (PMI) and lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) of cervical cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of cervical cancer patients diagnosed pathologically at our hospital from January 2021 to April 2024. All patients underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and APT imaging before treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and APT values were measured. Based on the pathological results, patients were categorized into LVSI (+) and LVSI (-) groups, and PMI (+) and PMI (-) groups. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the ADC and APT values between these groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of ADC, APT, and ADC + APT in predicting PMI and LVSI. The Delong test was employed to compare the diagnostic performance among these measures.
RESULTS: A total of 83 patients were included, with 56 in the LVSI (-) group, 27 in the LVSI (+) group, 35 in the PMI (-) group, and 16 in the PMI (+) group. The ADC values for the LVSI (+) and PMI (+) groups were significantly lower than those for the LVSI (-) and PMI (-) groups (P

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