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Predictors of breastfeeding in very low birthweight infants at the time of discharge from hospital

Boo NY, Goh ES

J Trop Pediatr, 1999 Aug;45(4):195-201.
PMID: 10467829

In a case-control study carried out in the Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital between 1st July 1995 and 31st January 1996 the objectives were (1) to determine the rate of breastfeeding in surviving very low birthweight (VLBW, < or = 1500 g) Malaysian infants following the introduction of the Baby Friendly Hospital Concept, and (2) to identify significant predictors associated with successful breastfeeding in these infants. During the study period, 201 (1.24 per cent) of live-born infants were VLBW infants, 192 (95.5 per cent) were Malaysians, and 141 (73.4 per cent) of them survived to go home. The breastfeeding rate among all surviving VLBW Malaysian infants at the time of discharge was 40.2 per cent (57/141). The mothers of 126 (89.4 per cent) VLBW Malaysian infants were interviewed before discharge. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for various confounders, the significant predictors associated with successful breastfeeding were: (a) Malay mothers (odds ratio: 6.0; 95 per cent CI: 1.9, 19.4), (b) mothers with educational levels of between 7 and 9 years (odds ratio: 3.6; 95 per cent CI: 1.0, 12.2), and (c) earlier age of commencement of enteral feeds in the VLBW infants (for each additional day delay in commencement of feeding, odds ratio of breastfeeding was 0.5; 95 per cent CI: 0.4, 0.8).
Effects of oxygen variation on the improved structural stability, electronic and optical properties of ZnTeO compounds

Chang YHR, Yoon TL, Lim TL, Koh PW, Goh ES

J Phys Condens Matter, 2020 Jan 27;32(22):225701.
PMID: 31986494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648X/ab7032

Crystalline ZnTeO thin films are promising materials for next generation photovoltaics. However, their structural stability and optical nonlinearity potential in bulk form have not been reported. Here, structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnTeO composites have been thoroughly studied using genetic algorithm and density functional theory (DFT). Energetically, mechanically and dynamically stable O-rich phases, namely Zn2Te2O6 and ZnTeO4, were obtained. Ground-state properties such as lattice constants and simulated XRD were analyzed and compared to the experimental literature wherever possible. With a G 0 W 0 corrected band gap, these semiconducting phases display several desirable features, namely, Jahn-Teller distorted cations, hardness and shear anisotropy-induced optical nonlinearity that increase monotonically as O concentration elevates. Such trends appear to be consistent with that seen in the experimental study of ZnTeO thin film. It is observed that Zn-d, Te-p and O-p states have immense influence towards the electronic properties of these structures. Both phases exhibit steep elevation of absorption throughout the ultraviolet (UV) range, hitting peak value of ~5.0 × 105 cm-1. Of particular interest, the non-centrosymmetric ZnTeO4 has second harmonic generation coefficients (9.84 pm V-1 and 2.33 pm V-1 at static limit) greater than borates crystal and large birefringence that exceeds 0.08 in deep UV region, thus highlighting its potential pedigree as new optical materials in UV range.
Thermoelectric and piezoelectric properties of the predicted AlxIn1-xN composites based on ab initio calculations

Chang YHR, Yoon TL, Lim TL, Tuh MH, Goh ES

Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2017 Sep 20;19(36):24613-24625.
PMID: 28856366 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03749j

Theoretical investigations of the thermoelectric and piezoelectric characteristics in the AlxIn1-xN system have been carried out based on a first principles approach in combination with the semi-classical Boltzmann transport concept and density functional perturbation theory. Based on our previous work, herein, the study specimens Al5InN6, Al6In2N8, Al4In2N6, Al3In3N6, Al2In4N6, and AlIn7N8 have been predicted to be stable phases. These novel phases intrinsically exhibit moderate positive Seebeck curves (199.1-284.6 μV K-1) and a ZT close to unity that varies marginally over a broad temperature range of 200-800 K, demonstrating the sign of good bipolar effect tolerance. Addition of heftier elements, such as In, results in lower thermal conductivity, which in turn generates a high power factor (0.019-0.345 W m-1 K-2) in these alloys. While hole doping enhances the peak Seebeck coefficient of each phase, the electrical conductivity has been greatly compromised, resulting in a lower power factor. These composites also exhibit large piezoelectric constants, in which their respective largest piezoelectric tensor is several orders higher than that of quartz. The decomposition process shows that In and N are the main contributors of the internal piezoelectric term. Overall results indicate that AlxIn1-xN show bright prospects in thermoelectric and piezoelectric applications.
Characteristics and outcomes of young adults who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)

Chia MY, Lu QS, Rahman NH, Doctor NE, Nishiuchi T, Leong BS, et al.

Resuscitation, 2017 02;111:34-40.
PMID: 27923113 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.11.019

BACKGROUND: There is paucity of data examining the incidence and outcomes of young OHCA adults. The aim of this study is to determine the outcomes and characteristics of young adults who suffered an OHCA and identify factors that are associated with favourable neurologic outcomes.
METHODS: All EMS-attended OHCA adults between the ages of 16 and 35 years in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) registry were analysed. The primary outcome was favourable neurologic outcome (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2) at hospital discharge or at 30th day post OHCA if not discharged. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with favourable neurologic outcomes.
RESULTS: 66,780 OHCAs were collected between January 2009 and December 2013; 3244 young OHCAs had resuscitation attempted by emergency medical services (EMS). 56.8% of patients had unwitnessed arrest; 47.9% were of traumatic etiology. 17.2% of patients (95% CI: 15.9-18.5%) had return of spontaneous circulation; 7.8% (95% CI: 6.9-8.8%) survived to one month; 4.6% (95% CI: 4.0-5.4%) survived with favourable neurologic outcomes. Factors associated with favourable neurologic outcomes include witnessed arrest (adjusted RR=2.42, p-value<0.0001), bystander CPR (adjusted RR=1.57, p-value=0.004), first arrest shockable rhythm (adjusted RR=27.24, p-value<0.0001), and cardiac etiology (adjusted RR=3.99, p-value<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: OHCA among young adults are not uncommon. Traumatic OHCA, occurring most frequently in young adults had dismal prognosis. First arrest rhythms of VF/VT/unknown shockable rhythm, cardiac etiology, bystander-witnessed arrest, and bystander CPR were associated with favourable neurological outcomes. The results of the study would be useful for planning preventive and interventional strategies, improving EMS, and guiding future research.