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Fulltext The Lucky Ones: A Report of Two Cases of Intraorbital Foreign Bodies

Ho NWW, Catherine Bastion ML, Mustapha M, Othman O

Cureus, 2021 Jul;13(7):e16685.
PMID: 34462703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16685

Intraorbital foreign bodies are a common complication of eye trauma. If improperly managed, it may lead to severe complications. In this case series, the first case is an intraconal foreign body after being hit by a stone, and the second case is an intraconal foreign body from a metallic piece of a crane wheel. We discuss the role of imaging in confirming the presence of the foreign body, localizing it, and guiding when surgery is indicated. Our two cases showed differences in the management approach, as the first case had multiple issues requiring multiple procedures. However, the second case had a relatively specific pathology, management, and outcome. With adequate treatment and a bit of luck, the visual outcome can be satisfactory.
Fulltext Objective Assessment of Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Mohd Lokman M, Catherine Bastion ML, Che Hamzah J

Cureus, 2022 Dec;14(12):e32328.
PMID: 36628049 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32328

Retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAM) is an acquired retinal arteriole dilatation with vision-threatening complications. Diagnosis of this condition can be made clinically, supported by multi-modal imaging modalities, commonly optical coherence tomography (OCT) and dye-based angiography studies which show the lesion itself and the complications to the adjacent retina. We report a case of an 83-year-old patient with renal impairment who had the diagnosis and monitoring of RAM done using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) as an alternative to conventional fluorescein angiography. This case highlighted the use of OCT-A using Cirrus 5000 with AngioPlex (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) as a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool for RAM with its features that enables objective quantification of the disease activity via vessel and perfusion density pre- and post-laser treatment.
Fulltext Development of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for age-related macular degeneration patients

Abd Rahman MH, Amirtharatnam P, Sharanjeet-Kaur S, Narayanasamy S, Mohd Rasdi HF, Catherine Bastion ML

Int J Ophthalmol, 2023;16(4):589-600.
PMID: 37077492 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.04.13

AIM: To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who have undergone intravitreal injection treatment.
METHODS: This study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AMD in Kuala Lumpur. The generation of the instrument included four phases which included item and domains development, content, face validity and exploratory factor analysis. Content validity and modified Kappa was used for validation of knowledge domain. Exploratory factor analysis was used for validation of both attitude and practice domains. Face validity was conducted in 12 patients, content validity was ascertained in 120 patients and test-retest reliability was determined in 39 patients with AMD.
RESULTS: Content validity index (CVI) and modified kappa showed excellent values for most items in the knowledge domain with CVI for item (I-CVI) values between 0.78-1.0 and Kappa values of >0.74. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.70 and 0.75 for both attitude and practice domains respectively and Bartlett's Test of sphericity were significant (χ2 =0.00, P<0.001). Factor analysis resulted in five factors with thirty items for attitude domain and four factors with twenty items for practice domain. The Cronbach's alpha showed acceptable values for all items in knowledge, attitude and practice domain with values >0.70 and good test-retest reliability. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 93 items from four sections consisting of demographic details, knowledge, attitude and practice.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of patients diagnosed with AMD undergoing intravitreal injection treatment.

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