MyMedR

Fulltext Clinical patterns and treatment complications of 1000 cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Azhar T, Lopez F

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Jun;44(2):104-10.

One thousand consecutive cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated in the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur between January 1977 to December 1979 were studied. Epidemiological breakdown by race, age, parity, occupation, stage and histology of the disease were obtained. Treatment complications in survivors available for follow-up were analysed. The Chinese had the highest incidence, followed by the Indians and the Malays. Ninety six percent were squamous cell cancers, the remaining were adenocarcinomas. Eighty percent of patients were seen at an advanced stage (Stage IIB-IV). Late radiation complications were mainly proctitis, cystitis and fistula; (5%, 7.2% and 1.4% respectively). These figures are comparable to many centres but the incidence of cystitis is relatively higher. This is believed to be related to irradiation techniques in these cases.

Fulltext Preradiation peplomycin for advanced squamous cell carcinomas

Azhar T, Singh P

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Mar;43(1):40-3.

PMID: 2468988

Fulltext High dose rate intracavitary radiation therapy of carcinoma of the cervix using a linear source

Azhar T, Kamada T, Lopez F, Harun R, Nor I, Lim A

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Jun;46(2):123-8.

PMID: 1839415

One hundred patients with carcinoma of the cervix stages 1B to 4A were treated with intracavitary high dose rate radiation using a linear cobalt source. All cases have received external beam pelvic irradiation to 4500cGy mid plane in twenty fractions over four weeks. The results in terms of patient compliance and convenience were good while acute and late morbidities were comparable to standard Manchester technique of low dose rate intracavitary therapy as practised in the Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology General Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The four year actuarial survival rate is 76% for stage II and 48% for stage III. All three stage IV patients died within 1 year. Four out of seven stage I patients are alive (minimum follow-up 18 months, longest 43 months). One died of systemic spread at 33 months while one is lost to follow up.

Fulltext Disseminated carcinoma of the breast with malignant pericardial tamponade and complete heart block--a case report

Ismail O, Yusoff K, Azhar T, Phang KS

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):104-9.

PMID: 1660561

A 49 year old Malay women presented with pericardial tamponade 18 months following left segmentectomy and local irradiation for carcinoma of the breast. Subsequently she developed complete heart block terminating in cardiac arrest.

Fulltext Faculty perceptions regarding an individually tailored, flexible length, outcomes-based curriculum for undergraduate medical students

Shankar PR, Azhar T, Nadarajah VD, Er HM, Arooj M, Wilson IG

Korean J Med Educ, 2023 Sep;35(3):235-247.

PMID: 37670520 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2023.262

PURPOSE: The perception of faculty members about an individually tailored, flexible-length, outcomes-based curriculum for undergraduate medical students was studied. Their opinion about the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges was also noted. This study was done to help educational institutions identify academic and social support and resources required to ensure that graduate competencies are not compromised by a flexible education pathway.

METHODS: The study was done at the International Medical University, Malaysia, and the University of Lahore, Pakistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 1st August 2021 to 17th March 2022. Demographic information was noted. Themes were identified, and a summary of the information under each theme was created.

RESULTS: A total of 24 (14 from Malaysia and 10 from Pakistan) faculty participated. Most agreed that undergraduate medical students can progress (at a differential rate) if they attain the required competencies. Among the major advantages mentioned were that students may graduate faster, learn at a pace comfortable to them, and develop an individualized learning pathway. Several logistical challenges must be overcome. Providing assessments on demand will be difficult. Significant regulatory hurdles were anticipated. Artificial intelligence (AI) can play an important role in creating an individualized learning pathway and supporting time-independent progression. The course may be (slightly) cheaper than a traditional one.

CONCLUSION: This study provides a foundation to further develop and strengthen flexible-length competency-based medical education modules. Further studies are required among educators at other medical schools and in other countries. Online learning and AI will play an important role.

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