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Fulltext Polyphenol Rich Ajuga bracteosa Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential

Rubnawaz S, Kayani WK, Akhtar N, Mahmood R, Khan A, Okla MK, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Aug 11;26(16).
PMID: 34443462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164874

Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the A. bracteosa plant with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. These transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, elemental analysis, polyphenol content, and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was most abundant in all transgenic lines. Furthermore, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics and flavonoids content among all tested plant extracts. ABRL3 also demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 μg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 μg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 μg/mL), and iron-chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 μg/mL). Moreover, transformed plant extracts produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant activities in BALB/c mice models. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of A. bracteosa pose better antioxidant and pharmacological properties under the effect of rol genes as compared to wild-type plants.
Understanding the public knowledge, attitude, and practice toward screening and risk factors of lung cancer in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Alamri SA, Alzahrani MM, Alamri AA, Khalifa WW, Alsulami RY, Bardesi J, et al.

Ann Thorac Med, 2024;19(4):275-283.
PMID: 39544349 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_111_24

CONTEXT: Early detection of lung cancer through screening can improve outcomes; yet public knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding lung cancer screening in Saudi Arabia are limited.
AIMS: The aim is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward lung cancer risk factors and screening, and understand the impact of demographic factors on these variables.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024, involving 708 participants.
METHODS: A validated questionnaire from a previous Malaysian study, translated into Arabic, was distributed to participants.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and logistic regression were used.
RESULTS: Most participants (95.9%) recognized smoking as a major risk factor. Common misconceptions included viewing lung cancer as infectious (84.0%) or affecting only men (14.4%). Nonetheless, 66.4% expressed willingness for future screening. Younger participants (18-40 years) and those with higher education demonstrated better knowledge scores (mean score: 11.33 ± 2.97 for ages 18-40; 11.42 ± 2.88 for those with master's or doctorate degrees), with significant differences based on age (P = 0.007) and education level (P = 0.025). No significant differences were observed based on gender, region of residence, or monthly family income.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive inclination toward lung cancer screening among the Saudi public, but there are significant knowledge gaps, particularly regarding nonsmoking-related risk factors and misconceptions, suggesting a need for enhanced public education and screening programs.

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