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Fulltext Molecular and morphological analyses reveal phylogenetic relationships of stingrays focusing on the family Dasyatidae (Myliobatiformes)

Lim KC, Lim PE, Chong VC, Loh KH

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0120518.
PMID: 25867639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120518

Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of the current but problematic Dasyatidae (Order Myliobatiformes) was the first priority of the current study. Here, we studied three molecular gene markers of 43 species (COI gene), 33 species (ND2 gene) and 34 species (RAG1 gene) of stingrays to draft out the phylogenetic tree of the order. Nine character states were identified and used to confirm the molecularly constructed phylogenetic trees. Eight or more clades (at different hierarchical level) were identified for COI, ND2 and RAG1 genes in the Myliobatiformes including four clades containing members of the present Dasyatidae, thus rendering the latter non-monophyletic. The uncorrected p-distance between these four 'Dasytidae' clades when compared to the distance between formally known families confirmed that these four clades should be elevated to four separate families. We suggest a revision of the present classification, retaining the Dasyatidae (Dasyatis and Taeniurops species) but adding three new families namely, Neotrygonidae (Neotrygon and Taeniura species), Himanturidae (Himantura species) and Pastinachidae (Pastinachus species). Our result indicated the need to further review the classification of Dasyatis microps. By resolving the non-monophyletic problem, the suite of nine character states enables the natural classification of the Myliobatiformes into at least thirteen families based on morphology.
A New Species of Branchellion (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) Parasitizing the Gills of Short-Tail Stingrays (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) from the West Pacific

Jimi N, Shinji J, Hookabe N, Okanishi M, Woo SP, Nakano T

Zoolog Sci, 2023 Aug;40(4):308-313.
PMID: 37522602 DOI: 10.2108/zs220057

A new fish leech, Branchellion brevicaudatae sp. n., is described based on specimens parasitizing the gills of the short-tail stingray, Bathytoshia brevicaudata (Hutton, 1875), collected from Japanese waters. The new species can be distinguished from other congeners by having: i) pulsating vesicles emerging from posterior base of branchiae, one pair per somite; ii) dorsal white spots, not arranged in longitudinal row; and iii) blackish body. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from the new species and other piscicolid worms showed that the new species is sister to Branchellion torpedinis Savigny, 1822. This is the first record of Branchellion Savigny, 1822 from Japanese waters.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Two new whiprays, Maculabatis arabica sp. nov. and M. bineeshi sp. nov. (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), from the northern Indian Ocean

Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Last PR

Zootaxa, 2016 Jul 28;4144(3):335-53.
PMID: 27470860 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.3.3

Two new medium-sized whiprays, Maculabatis arabica sp. nov. and M. bineeshi sp. nov., are described from specimens collected in coastal habitats of the northern Indian Ocean, off India and Pakistan. Both species superficially resemble M. randalli (Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Moore), and appear to have been confused with a more widely distributed whipray M. gerrardi Gray, and another undescribed species from the Indian Ocean. Maculabatis arabica sp. nov. (attains at least 63 cm DW) is diagnosed by a combination of external characters, i.e. morphometrics (e.g. relatively short disc, narrow interspaces between paired structures on the head), squamation (relatively slow denticle development and a characteristic denticle band shape), plain dorsal disc coloration (rather than spotted), and tail light brown and banded beyond the caudal sting in juveniles but almost plain in adults. Maculabatis bineeshi sp. nov. (attains at least 66 cm DW) is diagnosed by a combination of characters, i.e. morphometrics (e.g. suboval to weakly rhombic disc in young), squamation (rapid denticle development and broad denticle band with margins truncate near pectoral-fin insertions), plain dorsal disc coloration (no white spots), and a dark blackish tail (especially in young) with weakly mottled banding on its dorsal surface beyond the caudal sting. Maculabatis arabica sp. nov. appears to be confined to the Arabian Sea (from Pakistan to western India), whereas M. bineeshi sp. nov. occurs in the Arabian Sea (off Pakistan and northwestern India) and in the Bay of Bengal (confirmed off Odisha, eastern India).
Fulltext Penilaian media bercetak untuk pendidikan pemakanan kanak-kanak berlebihan berat badan dan obes

Ruzita Abd Talib, Lim, Shi Han, Hanee Fakhrurazi, Siti Sabariah Buhari, Poh, Bee Koon

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(2):55-62.
MyJurnal

Media pendidikan bercetak merupakan saluran komunikasi yang utama dalam pendidikan kesihatan awam. Namun, kajian tempatan yang menilai penerimaan media pendidikan bercetak masih terhad di Malaysia. Maka, kajian ini dilakukan untuk menilai media pendidikan bercetak sedia ada yang mensasarkan obesiti di kalangan kanak-kanak untuk kegunaan dalam program pendidikan atau promosi pemakanan. Kajian ini melibatkan dua peringkat. Peringkat pertama merupakan tinjauan keperluan iaitu tinjauan terhadap media pendidikan bercetak sedia ada yang mensasarkan kanak kanak yang mengalami masalah berlebihan berat badan dan obes dan kajian rintis terhadap borang soal selidik yang dibentuk. Manakala peringkat kedua adalah penilaian penerimaan subjek kajian terhadap media pendidikan bercetak dan perubahan tahap pengetahuan mereka selepas membaca media pendidikan bercetak yang diberikan. Skala Likertn digunakan dalam penilaian ini iaitu daripada 1 (sangat tidak memuaskan) hingga 5 (sangat memuaskan). Jumlah subjek dalam kajian ini adalah seramai 67 orang yang terdiri daripada golongan profesional dalam bidang pendidikan dan kesihatan (n = 7), subjek dewasa (n = 30) dan subjek kanak-kanak (n = 30). Di dalam kajian ini, subjek dewasa diberi satu buku kecil yang mengandungi maklumat berkenaan pencegahan dan pengurusan masalah obesiti di kalangan kanak-kanak seperti komplikasi masalah obesiti dan penyediaan makanan. Subjek kanak-kanak pula menerima satu buku kecil yang mengandungi maklumat berkenaan piramid makanan, kepentingan sarapan, aktiviti fi zikal dan sebagainya di samping satu poster yang mengandungi maklumat berkenaan pemilihan makanan sihat. Manakala golongan profesional menerima semua media pendidikan bercetak ini. Kajian ini mendapati penerimaan subjek terhadap isi kandungan, gambar, jadual dan rajah, warna, susun atur gambar, susun atur kandungan, bahasa dan saiz huruf bagi ketiga-tiga media pendidikan bercetak adalah pelbagai, iaitu daripada sangat tidak memuaskan hingga sangat memuaskan. Min skor penilaian keseluruhan terhadap buku kecil yang mensasarkan populasi dewasa adalah 3.9 ± 0.5 manakala min skor penilaian keseluruhan terhadap buku kecil yang mensasarkan populasi kanak-kanak adalah 4.3 ± 0.4 dan poster adalah 3.9 ± 0.9. Skor pengetahuan pemakanan golongan profesional meningkat dari 88.6 ± 11.2% kepada 95.5 ± 3.2% selepas membaca media tersebut. Skor pengetahuan pemakanan subjek dewasa juga meningkat secara signifi kan (p < 0.001)daripada 67.7 ± 13.6% kepada 84.8 ± 15.9%; bagi subjek kanak-kanak, skor pengetahuan pemakanan juga meningkat secara signifi kan (p < 0.001) daripada 65.3 ± 14.4% kepada 84.0 ± 11.4%. Kesimpulannya, media pendidikan bercetak sedia ada mendapat penerimaan yang baik dan dapat meningkatkan tahap pengetahuan kumpulan sasaran. Oleh itu, media pendidikan bercetak tersebut sesuai digunakan dalam mana-mana program pendidikan pemakanan yang berkaitan dengan obesiti kanak-kanak.
A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights

Last PR, Naylor GJ, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM

Zootaxa, 2016 Jul 21;4139(3):345-68.
PMID: 27470808 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2

The higher-level taxonomy of the stingrays (Dasyatidae) has never been comprehensively reviewed. Recent phylogenetic studies, supported by morphological data, have provided evidence that the group is monophyletic and consists of four major subgroups, the subfamilies Dasyatinae, Neotrygoninae, Urogymninae and Hypolophinae. A morphologically based review of 89 currently recognised species, undertaken for a guide to the world's rays, indicated that most of the currently recognised dasyatid genera are not monophyletic groups. These findings were supported by molecular analyses using the NADH2 gene for about 77 of these species, and this topology is supported by preliminary analyses base on whole mitochondrial genome comparisons. These molecular analyses, based on data generated from the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life project, are the most taxon-rich data available for this family. Material from all of the presently recognised genera (Dasyatis, Pteroplatytrygon and Taeniurops [Dasyatinae]; Neotrygon and Taeniura [Neotrygoninae]; Himantura and Urogymnus [Urogymninae]; and Makararaja and Pastinachus [Hypolophinae]), are included and their validity largely supported. Urogymnus and the two most species rich genera, Dasyatis and Himantura, are not considered to be monophyletic and were redefined based on external morphology. Seven new genus-level taxa are erected (Megatrygon and Telatrygon [Dasyatinae]; Brevitrygon, Fluvitrygon, Fontitrygon, Maculabatis and Pateobatis [Urogymninae], and an additional three (Bathytoshia, Hemitrygon and Hypanus [Dasyatinae]) are resurrected from the synonymy of Dasyatis. The monotypic genus Megatrygon clustered with 'amphi-American Himantura' outside the Dasyatidae, and instead as the sister group of the Potamotrygonidae and Urotrygonidae. Megatrygon is provisionally retained in the Dasyatinae pending further investigation of its internal anatomy. The morphologically divergent groups, Bathytoshia and Pteroplatytrygon, possibly form a single monophyletic group so further investigation is needed to confirm the validity of Pteroplatytrygon. A reclassification of the family Dasyatidae is provided and the above taxa are defined based on new morphological data.
A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea)

Jensen K, Pen IAM, Caira JN

Zootaxa, 2021 Jul 12;4999(3):201-218.
PMID: 34810491 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.3.1

The Rhoptrobothriidae are one of the more enigmatic families of cestodes of elasmobranchs. Opinions on the taxonomic status of the familys three original genera (i.e., Myzophyllobothrium, Rhoptrobothrium, and Myzocephalus) have varied over the 115 years since they were erected. Some authors have considered all three valid, others have considered Rhoptrobothrium to be a synonym of Myzopyllobothrium or a genus inquirendum, yet others have considered Myzocephalus to be a synonym of the phyllobothriid genus Thysanocephalum. All three genera were established for specimens collected from eagle rays off Sri Lanka. The erection of Mixophyllobothrium for two specimens from a cowtail stingray off India three decades ago added additional confusion to the situation, with some authors considering it valid and others a synonym of Myzocephalus. These disagreements stem largely from differences in interpretation of the complex morphology of the scolex of members of these genera. Furthermore, with the exception of Rhoptrobothrium comprising four species, each genus is monotypic. All but Rhoptrobothrium has not been considered in detail for nearly a century, largely because of a lack of available material. The taxonomic status of these genera is assessed here based on light and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular data generated from new material collected from eagle rays off Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. Morphological work indicates that the genera differ largely only in the degree of folding of the four remi that extend from the cephalic peduncle. A molecular phylogeny based on sequence data for the D1D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, which include new data for eight specimens of four species, indicates that Myzophyllobothrium, Myzocephalus, and Rhoptrobothrium are not mutually monophyletic. The latter two genera and Mixophyllobothrium are considered synonyms of Myzophyllobothrium and five species are transferred to that genus. Myzophyllobothrium okamuri n. comb. is considered a species inquirendum. Myzophyllobothrium nagasawai n. sp. is described from Aetobatus narutobiei off Japan. Myzophyllobothrium narinari n. comb. is re-described based on newly collected cestodes from the type host and locality (i.e., Aetobatus ocellatus off Sri Lanka). Despite consisting of only a single genus, the family status of the group is retained in recognition of the unusual configuration of the scolex, which bears four biloculate bothridia and four remi extending from the cephalic peduncle. The ordinal placement of the family remains uncertain, but affinities with the Phyllobothriidea, rather than Tetraphyllidea are considered.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Redescription of Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), an endangered eagle ray (Myliobatoidea: Myliobatidae) from the Indo-West Pacific

White WT, Moore AB

Zootaxa, 2013;3752:199-213.
PMID: 25229115

The eagle ray Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is redescribed based on new material from the Persian Gulf (Kuwait), Indonesia and Malaysia. A related but distinct species of Aetobatus from the western North Pacific, previously referred to as A. flagellum, is reported. Aetobatus flagellum is a medium-sized eagle ray which attains about 900 mm DW; males mature at approximately 500 mm DW. Aetobatus flagellum appears to be uncommon and restricted to estuary-influenced waters of the Indo-West Pacific. It is caught as gillnet bycatch where its habit of schooling, combined with probable small litter size, may make it particularly vulnerable to impacts from fisheries.
Fulltext Prevalence of onodi cells in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia

Tan KL, Harvinder S

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):101-2.
PMID: 23756790 MyJurnal

Onodi cell is a posterior ethmoid air cell that pneumatizes into the sphenoid sinus, It is an important entity for clinicians when performing endoscopic sinus surgery (EES) because it encroaches into the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. CT-scans are the road map for ESS to prevent damage to structures mentioned above. Its prevalence in Malaysia is unknown.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Fulltext A Survey on The Knowledge, Attitude and Confidence Level of Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Junior Doctors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Chew F Z A W M N KS, Mohd Hashairi F, Ida Zarina Z, Shaik Farid AW, Abu Yazid MN, Nik Hisamuddin NA

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):56-9.
PMID: 23765145 MyJurnal

Junior doctors are often the "first line" doctors called to attend to patients in cardiac arrest. We performed an anonymous questionnaire study from October 2008 to December 2008 to assess the knowledge, attitude and skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among junior doctors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II. Out of the 100 questionnaire forms sent out, 70 were returned completed. The majority (85.8%) stated that they were not confident of managing a resuscitation case. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) association between duration of clinical practice and confidence level. Up to 77.1% said that BLS should be re-certified every two years.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Decacotyle cairae n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of Pastinachus sp. (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatidae) from the South China Sea off Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chisholm LA, Whittington ID

Syst Parasitol, 2005 Jun;61(2):79-84.
PMID: 15980960

Decacotyle cairae n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from the gills of an unidentified species of Pastinachus collected in the South China Sea off Sematan and Mukah, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. D. cairae can be distinguished from the other six members of the genus by the presence of two simple unsclerotised accessory structures on the dorsal surface of the haptor in combination with a long, narrow, looping male copulatory organ. The host specimens of Pastinachus collected in Borneo also appear to be a new species and the monogenean data support this conclusion. A key to species of Decacotyle is given and their host-specificity is discussed.
Fulltext Residency, movement patterns, behavior and demographics of reef manta rays in Komodo National Park

Germanov ES, Pierce SJ, Marshall AD, Hendrawan IG, Kefi A, Bejder L, et al.

PeerJ, 2022;10:e13302.
PMID: 35602898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13302

BACKGROUND: The reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi) is a globally threatened species and an iconic tourist attraction for visitors to Indonesia's Komodo National Park (NP). In 2013, manta ray fishing was banned in Komodo NP and its surroundings, preceding the nationwide manta ray protection in 2014. Over a decade ago, a previous acoustic telemetry study demonstrated that reef manta rays had high fidelity to sites within the park, while more recent photo-identification data indicated that some individuals move up to 450 km elsewhere. Characterization of manta ray demographics, behavior, and a focused assessment on site use of popular tourism locations within the park is vital to assist the Komodo NP Management Authority formulate appropriate manta ray conservation and management policies.
METHODS: This study uses a long-term library (MantaMatcher.org) of photo-identification data collected by researchers and citizen scientists to investigate manta ray demographics and habitat use within the park at four sites frequented by tour operators: Cauldron, Karang Makassar, Mawan, and Manta Alley. Residency and movements of manta rays were investigated with maximum likelihood analyses and Markov movement models.
RESULTS: A total of 1,085 individual manta rays were identified from photographs dating from 2013 to 2018. In general, individual manta rays displayed a higher affinity to specific sites than others. The highest re-sighting probabilities came from the remote southern site, Manta Alley. Karang Makassar and Mawan are only ~5 km apart; however, manta rays displayed distinct site affinities. Exchange of individuals between Manta Alley and the two central sites (~35.5 km apart) occurred, particularly seasonally. More manta rays were recorded traveling from the south to the central area than vice versa. Female manta rays were more mobile than males. Similar demographic groups used Karang Makassar, Mawan, and Manta Alley for foraging, cleaning, cruising, or courtship activities. Conversely, a higher proportion of immature manta rays used the northern site, Cauldron, where foraging was commonly observed. Fishing gear-related injuries were noted on 56 individuals (~5%), and predatory injuries were present on 32 individuals (~3%). Tourism within the park increased from 2014 to 2017, with 34% more dive boats per survey at Karang Makassar and Mawan.
DISCUSSION: The Komodo NP contains several distinct critical habitats for manta rays that encompass all demographics and accommodate seasonal manta ray movements. While the present study has not examined population trends, it does provide foundational data for such work. Continued research into manta ray abundance, long-range movements, and identifying and protecting other critical aggregation areas within the region is integral to securing the species' recovery. We provide management recommendations to limit undue pressure on manta rays and their critical habitats from tourism.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Reproductive biology, length-weight relationship and diet of co-occurring butterfly rays, Gymnura poecilura and Gymnura zonura, in Malaysian waters

Leung AJ, Then AY, Loh KH

J Fish Biol, 2023 Mar;102(3):564-574.
PMID: 36504128 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15288

Recent IUCN assessments had resulted in up listing of the status of butterfly rays due to concerns of overfishing, but inadequate biological understanding of these rays prevents meaningful conservation and management measures. Therefore, this study was undertaken to address knowledge gaps in the reproductive biology and diet of longtail butterfly ray (Gymnura poecilura) and zone tail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura) in Malaysian waters. From surveys of landing sites and fish markets from years 2017 to 2022, size (disc width, DW), weight and maturity were recorded, and stomachs were collected from 94 G. poecilura (N = 39 females and 55 males) and 20 G. zonura (N = 10 females and 10 males) specimens. The length-weight relationships were significantly different between sexes for G. poecilura. The size at maturity (DW50) was estimated to be 476.0 mm (females), 385.0 mm (males) for G. poecilura and 442.0 mm (combined) for G. zonura. The number of embryos ranged from 1 to 6, and the embryo size was between 73.90 to 130.44 mm DW. Dietary analysis of stomach contents revealed that fish prey was dominant in both G. poecilura [94.4% Index of Relative Importance (IRI)] and G. zonura (100% IRI). Ontogenetic shift was seen in G. poecilura that fed on more variety of prey items, including shrimps, squids and crabs with an increase in body size. Both species co-occur all along coastal Malaysia although G. zonura is rarely encountered from fisheries surveys along the Strait of Malacca. Given similar habitat associations and dietary habits, G. poecilura may be able to outcompete G. zonura across their shared habitat range. The validity of G. japonica and G. micrura records in Malaysia remains questionable and requires future investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Penggunaan gambar rajah nisbah LQ-momen dalam pemilihan taburan terbaik

Ani Shabri, Abdul Aziz Jemain

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Kaedah momen merupakan salah satu teknik termudah dan sering digunakan dalam statistik hidrologi. Bagaimanapun, penganggar momen selalunya memberikan kualiti yang rendah dan tidak sebaik penganggar L-momen terutamanya untuk taburan dengan tiga parameter atau lebih. Pada masa kini, banyak kajian analisis frekuensi serantau dalam hidrologi menggunakan gambar rajah nisbah L-momen untuk memilih taburan yang sesuai bagi data hidrologi dan meteorologi. Kelebihan utama gambar rajah nisbah L-momen adalah pemilihan beberapa taburan yang sesuai boleh dilakukan menggunakan satu graf sahaja. Tujuan utama kertas ini untuk melihat kembali LQ-momen dan untuk membangunkan gambar rajah LQ-momen berdasarkan penganggar median. Menggunakan data aliran banjir dari 73 buah stesen dalam Semenanjung Malaysia, kami meninjau kesesuaian pelbagai model kebarangkalian menggunakan gambar rajah nisbah LQ-momen dan dibandingkan dengan gambar rajah nisbah L-momen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan gambar rajah nisbah LQ-momen secara umumnya memberikan keupayaan yang baik sebagaimana gambar rajah nisbah L-momen dalam memilih taburan frekuensi dan ini membuatkan ianya sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai pilihan yang menarik untuk digunakan dalam analisis frekuensi banjir.
A new species of Aberrapex Jensen, 2001 (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from Taeniura lymma (Forsskål) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from off Sabah, Malaysia

Jensen K

Syst Parasitol, 2006 Jun;64(2):117-23.
PMID: 16612652

A new lecanicephalidean species of Aberrapex Jensen, 2001 is described from the blue-spotted fantail ray Taeniura lymma (Forsskål) collected off the eastern coast of Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. This is the first record of a lecanicephalidean tapeworm from the island of Borneo and the first record of Aberrapex from this host species. A. manjajiae n. sp. is easily distinguished from its two congeners, A. senticosus Jensen, 2001 and A. arrhynchum (Brooks, Mayes & Thorson, 1981) Jensen, 2001, based on its overall smaller size (928-1,971 vs 1,485-6,333 and up to 3,350 microm long, respectively) and fewer testes (10-19 vs 20-40 and 18-25, respectively). In addition, A. manjajiae n. sp. is readily distinguished from A. senticosus based on a more anteriorly positioned genital pore (76-85 vs 52-72% of proglottid length from posterior end) and its distal bothridial microthrix pattern. A. manjajiae n. sp. can be further distinguished from A. arrhynchum based on its smaller scolex (82-101 x 119-164 vs 177-186 x 233-326 microm). The host distribution of Aberrapex is expanded from the Myliobatidae to include the Dasyatidae.
Septesinus gibsoni n. g., n. sp. (Monocotylidae: Heterocotylinae), from the gills of Himantura walga (Dasyatidae) off Sarawak, Borneo

Chisholm LA

Syst Parasitol, 2013 Mar;84(3):255-64.
PMID: 23404761 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-013-9405-z

Septesinus gibsoni n. g., n. sp. (Monocotylidae: Heterocotylinae) is described from the gills of the dwarf whipray Himantura walga (Müller & Henle) collected in marine waters off Sarawak (Borneo), Malaysia. Septesinus n. g. is distinguished from other genera in the Monocotylidae by a combination of characters, including a haptor with one central and seven peripheral loculi, the presence of a highly sinuous ridge surmounting all haptoral septa, four rounded accessory structures on the dorsal surface of the haptor, and the anterior region with two pairs of anteromedian and three pairs of anterolateral gland-duct openings. Septesinus n. g. is accommodated in the Heterocotylinae. Septesinus gibsoni n. sp. is described and fully illustrated, and a key to the genera of Heterocotylinae is provided. The composition of the ridges surrounding the mouth of a number of heterocotyline species and their usefulness as a taxonomic character are examined. The identity of four specimens of Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878, also recovered from the gills of this host species, is discussed.
Two new species of Myliocotyle (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of Aetomylaeus maculatus and A. nichofii (Elasmobranchii: Myliobatidae) from Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chisholm LA, Whittington ID

Folia Parasitol., 2004 Dec;51(4):304-10.
PMID: 15729942

Myliocotyle borneoensis sp. n. and M. multicrista sp. n. (Monocotylidae: Heterocotylinae) are described from the gills of the mottled eagle ray, Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray), and the banded eagle ray A. nichofii (Bloch et Schneider) (Myliobatidae), respectively, collected from the northern coast of Malaysian Borneo. These are the first monogeneans to be described on elasmobranchs from Borneo. The formerly monotypic Myliocotyle (for M. pteromylaei) was distinguished from other monocotylids by the distribution and morphology of the eight sclerotised dorsal haptoral accessory structures and the morphology of the male copulatory organ. However, we have determined that M. pteromylaei has ten structures on the dorsal surface of the haptor. Myliocotyle borneoensis is distinguished from M. pteromylaei by the morphology of the male copulatory organ and its accessory piece. Myliocotyle multicrista has 12 sclerotised dorsal haptoral accessory structures and a male copulatory organ with two accessory pieces. Additional sclerotised ridges across the ventral surfaces of each loculus (except the posterior-most pair) are also present in M. multicrista. The diagnosis for Myliocotyle is revised given our discovery of additional dorsal haptoral accessory structures in the type species and to accommodate other new characters of the two new species. Anterior secretions of Myliocotyle are discussed.
Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays

Simpfendorfer CA, Heithaus MR, Heupel MR, MacNeil MA, Meekan M, Harvey E, et al.

Science, 2023 Jun 16;380(6650):1155-1160.
PMID: 37319199 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4884

A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.

Matched MeSH terms: Skates (Fish)*
Sejarah awal Kepulauan Melayu: lima buah negeri warisan Sarawak yang hilang

Sanib Said

CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2012;1(1):21-50.
MyJurnal

Sejarah awal negara Malaysia yang terdapat dalam pensejarahan Asia Tenggara telah menjadi sumber rujukan di peringkat sekolah dan juga universiti. Periode dari 100EU hingga 1400EU lazimnya mengandungi naratif ringkas mengenai kerajaan tua. Semenanjung Tanah Melayu mewarisi negeri-kerajaan tua Kataha (Kedah), Langkasuka, Panpan, Chihtu dan Baruas yang telah lama terdapat dalam buku sejarah. Bagaimanapun Sarawak kini tidak mewaris apa-apa sedangkan pesisir pantai Borneo di sebelah barat, selatan dan timur terdapat banyak negeri-kerajaan tua seperti Sambas, Mempawah, Pontianak, Landak, Sukadana, Sampit, Banjarmasin, Kutei, Pasri, Bolongan dan Brunei. Terdapat kekosongan dari segi masa dan ruang dalam pensejarahan negeri Sarawak kini. Kajian yang lebih teliti terhadap beberapa sumber primer peribumi di Arkipelago Melayu seperti Silsilah Raja-Raja Brunei dan karya Jawa, Nagarakertagama, telah membongkar beberapa toponim seperti Sarawak, Samarahan, Saribas, Kalaka dan Malanau yang kini merupakan pusat pentadbiran negeri itu. Sumber primer peribumi telah menyatakan bahawa toponim ini adalah negeri yang pernah menjadi jajahan takluk Majapahit selepas itu di bawah Brunei pula. Karangan ini tuba memaparkan naratif ringkas seperti pendekatan yang terdapat dalam pensejarahan Asia Tenggara dan Semenanjung Malaysia. Akhirnya karangan ini mencadangkan negeri kerajaan awal yang diwarisi oleh negeri Sarawak sekarang dinobatkan ke dalam buku sejarah kurikulum sejarah Negara.
Fulltext Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia

Tan JP, Tam SM, Kiew R

PhytoKeys, 2018.
PMID: 30416344 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.110.25846

Begoniayenyeniae is a new species of horticultural value known only from the Endau Rompin National Park, Peninsular Malaysia. It is similar to Begoniarajah with which it had previously been confused in the number of tepals and leaf characters. The new species is compared with three similar species, B.foxworthyi, B.rajah and B.reginula and photographs of all four species and descriptions of B.yenyeniae and B.rajah are provided. Molecular analysis using the ndhF-rpl132 chloroplast marker confirms the four species as distinct. Amongst native species, the three variegated species, B.yenyeniae, B.rajah and B.reginula, are some of the most popular Malaysian begonias in cultivation. Based on its restricted distribution, Begoniayenyeniae, under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, is assessed as Critically Endangered.
Fulltext Bone Mineral Density Assessment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Comparison Between T-Scores by Heel QUS and DXA in HRPZII

Zaini WM, Md Ariff A

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):487-90.
PMID: 23770864 MyJurnal

This short-term study which was carried out in a small group of pre- and postmenopausal women at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZII) aims to compare between Tscores detected by heel Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine. The prevalence of osteoporosis by heel QUS was 63.3% and up to 16.7% by DXA. Insufficient or weak agreement exists between T-score measurements by heel QUS and axial DXA. Significant correlations were found between measurements of T-scores by both methods, with r values from 0.364 to 0.91. Although some correlation was found, significant discrepancy in the frequency of osteoporosis using different methods and sites is substantial.

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