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Fulltext Surface display of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000

Lim SH, Jahanshiri F, Rahim RA, Sekawi Z, Yusoff K

Lett Appl Microbiol, 2010 Dec;51(6):658-64.
PMID: 20973806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02950.x

A system for displaying heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) glycoproteins on the surface of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 was developed.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics*; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/metabolism
Fulltext Viral agents of acute respiratory infections in young children in Kuala Lumpur

Ong SB, Lam KL, Lam SK

Bull World Health Organ, 1982;60(1):137-40.
PMID: 6282479

The results of this study indicate that the important viral agents associated with lower respiratory tract infections in young children are respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza virus, particularly in those under 2 years of age. This is in close agreement with studies done in temperate climates. Influenza A virus is seasonal and plays an important role in upper respiratory tract infections in older children.
Study site: Inpatients and outpatients, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification
Fulltext Respiratory viruses detected in hospitalised paediatric patients with respiratory infections

Zamberi S, Zulkifli I, Ilina I

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):681-7.
PMID: 15190654 MyJurnal

Over 200 strains of respiratory viruses cause a variety of human infections ranging from common cold to life-threatening pneumonia. Respiratory viruses implicated in this study are respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), adenovirus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in paediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection. The methods used were direct antigen detection method, shell vial culture method and conventional tube culture method. The samples included in this study are paediatric patients seen in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital, Kuala Lumpur with suspected acute viral respiratory infection, presenting with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected and processed almost immediately. A total of 222 specimens were received during February 1999 to January 2000 showing a dual peak pattern in the months of April and December. The mean age of the patients was 13 months. Pneumonia (77.9%) was the most common clinical diagnosis in children with lower respiratory tract infection. This was followed by bronchiolitis (19.4%) and croup (27%). Viral aetiologies were confirmed in 23.4% of the patients. The most common respiratory virus isolated or detected was RSV, followed by parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses and adenovirus.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification
Is tetherin a true antiviral: The influenza a virus controversy

Sharma A, Lal SK

Rev Med Virol, 2019 05;29(3):e2036.
PMID: 30706579 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2036

Tetherin, an interferon-inducible gene was first discovered to be an antiviral factor in 2008. A vast range of viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV), dengue virus, Ebola virus, HIV, and RSV, have been reported to be susceptible to the antiviral activity of tetherin. Multiple reports have been published encompassing the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle. To date, nine reports have been published regarding the role of tetherin in the IAV life cycle, with four reports supporting tetherin as an antiviral factor while five other reports suggesting no effect. To this end, this review summarizes the list of viruses currently known to be inhibited by tetherin and describes mechanisms used by viruses to overcome the antiviral potential of tetherin. Further, using IAV as disease model, we provide existing evidence in favor and against tetherin being considered as an antiviral candidate. Subsequent analysis of the experimental procedures across IAV-tetherin published reports revealed that the experimental setup (ie, cell lines, transfection reagents, and multiplicity of infection), strain-specific activity of NS1, and differing roles of NS1 in different cell lines may add up to the contributing factors leading to the discrepancies observed.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
Confusion and conundrum in the management of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

Chan, P.W.K.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001;13(1):27-33.
MyJurnal

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is isolated in 15-25% of young Malaysian children with bronchiolitis.',2 Although this observation is consistent with experience reported in other developing nations in the tropics,3•4 it is lower than that of temperate developed nations where RSV is isolated in 60 - 80% of young children with viral bronchiolitis.5,6 The majority of infections are mild, easily cared for at home and only 1% of children with RSV bronchiolitis require in-hospital care.' However, several categories of children have been identified to develop severe RSV bronchiolitis that is asso-ciated with an increased risk of mortality and significant morbidity. This 'high-risk' group includes children who are very young, ex-premature (gestation less than 36 weeks), children with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency, namely, haematological transplant recipients.8'9 It is for this category of children in whom effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis are most important.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Fulltext Potential Antiviral Agents from Marine Fungi: An Overview

Moghadamtousi SZ, Nikzad S, Kadir HA, Abubakar S, Zandi K

Mar Drugs, 2015 Jul;13(7):4520-38.
PMID: 26204947 DOI: 10.3390/md13074520

Biodiversity of the marine world is only partially subjected to detailed scientific scrutiny in comparison to terrestrial life. Life in the marine world depends heavily on marine fungi scavenging the oceans of lifeless plants and animals and entering them into the nutrient cycle by. Approximately 150 to 200 new compounds, including alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyketides, and aromatic compounds, are identified from marine fungi annually. In recent years, numerous investigations demonstrated the tremendous potential of marine fungi as a promising source to develop new antivirals against different important viruses, including herpes simplex viruses, the human immunodeficiency virus, and the influenza virus. Various genera of marine fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were subjected to compound isolation and antiviral studies, which led to an illustration of the strong antiviral activity of a variety of marine fungi-derived compounds. The present review strives to summarize all available knowledge on active compounds isolated from marine fungi with antiviral activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and severity of respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infection in Malaysian children, 2008-2013

Ng KF, Tan KK, Sam ZH, Ting GS, Gan WY

J Paediatr Child Health, 2017 Apr;53(4):399-407.
PMID: 27704652 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13375

AIM: The aim of this study is to describe epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory data and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Malaysian children and to determine risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mortality.
METHODS: Retrospective data on demographics, clinical presentation, outcomes and laboratory findings of 450 children admitted into Tuanku Jaafar Hospital in Seremban, Malaysia from 2008 to 2013 with documented diagnosis of RSV ALRI were collected and analysed.
RESULTS: Most admissions were children below 2 years old (85.8%; 386/450). Commonest symptoms were fever (84.2%; 379/450), cough (97.8%; 440/450) and rhinorrhea (83.6%; 376/450). The median age among febrile patients (n = 379) was 9.0 months with interquartile range (IQR) of 4.0-19.0 months whereas the median age among those who were apyrexial (n = 71) was 2 months with IQR of 1-6 months (P-value <0.001). 15.3% (69/450) needed intensive care and 1.6% (7/450) died. Young age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay, PICU admission and mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: Infants less than 6 months old with RSV ALRI tend to be afebrile at presentation. Younger age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis are predictors of severe RSV ALRI among Malaysian children. Case fatality rate for Malaysian children below 5 years of age with RSV ALRI in our centre is higher than what is seen in developed countries, suggesting that there is room for improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification*
Systematic Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Palivizumab among Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Kua KP, Lee SWH

Pharmacotherapy, 2017 Jun;37(6):755-769.
PMID: 28423192 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1936

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). The use of palivizumab prophylaxis for RSV infection as the standard of care for infants with CF remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of palivizumab in reducing the incidence of RSV hospitalization in children with CF who are younger than 2 years.
METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL) were searched from inception until January 31, 2017, for clinical studies investigating the use of palivizumab in infants with CF aged less than 2 years. The primary outcome was hospitalization rate due to RSV infection. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization for respiratory illness, length of hospital stay, safety (adverse effects), and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis.
RESULTS: The review included a total of 10 studies (six cohort studies, two before-and-after studies, one cross-sectional study, and one randomized controlled trial) involving 3891 patients with CF. Seven studies reported that palivizumab prophylaxis had a positive impact on the rate of RSV hospitalization. Five studies (n=3404) reported that palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduced the rate of hospitalization due to RSV infection compared to no prophylaxis. One study (n=5) demonstrated patients with CF who received palivizumab had no RSV hospitalization. Another study showed infants with CF receiving palivizumab (n=117) had a lower risk of hospitalization for RSV infection compared with premature infants (gestational age < 35 completed weeks) who received palivizumab (n=4880).
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from the literature suggests that palivizumab may have a potential role in reducing RSV hospitalization in children aged less than 2 years with CF. Given the lack of overall data, additional research is warranted to better understand the efficacy and safety of prophylactic palivizumab in infants with CF.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects
Fulltext Novel antiviral activity of mung bean sprouts against respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus -1: an in vitro study on virally infected Vero and MRC-5 cell lines

Hafidh RR, Abdulamir AS, Abu Bakar F, Sekawi Z, Jahansheri F, Jalilian FA

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015;15:179.
PMID: 26062546 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0688-2

New sources for discovering novel antiviral agents are desperately needed. The current antiviral products are both expensive and not very effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects*