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Fulltext Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in elderly Malaysians

Lim TO

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):531-4.
PMID: 11072478
Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate*
Fulltext Exercise-induced asthma: fresh insights and an overview

Khajotia R

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(1):21-4.
PMID: 25606107

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common condition affecting 12-15% of the population. Ninety percent of asthmatic individuals and 35-45% of patients with allergic rhinitis are afflicted by EIA, while 3-10% of the general population is also believed to suffer from this condition. EIA is a condition which is more prevalent in strenuous outdoor, cold weather and winter sports. The pathophysiology of EIA continues to intrigue medical physiologists. However, the water-loss hypothesis and the post-exertional airway-rewarming hypothesis are as yet the best accepted theories. EIA is best diagnosed by a good medical history and a free-run challenge test. A post-exertion decrease by 15% in FEV1 and PEFR is diagnostic of EIA. Sensitivity of exercise testing ranges from 55% to 80% while specificity is as high as 93%. EIA is a disorder that can be successfully treated by combining both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition is vital if we hope to provide our patients with better overall health, better social life and a better self-image.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Peak expiratory flow in the standing and sitting positions is equivalent in adults: a cross-over study

Teng CL, Chia KM, D'Cruz J, Gomez CA, Muthusamy N, Saadon NS, et al.

Fam Pract, 2020 10 19;37(5):637-640.
PMID: 32417893 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa048

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether peak flow measurement is best done in the standing or sitting position.
METHODS: In this cross-over study, study participants were randomized to perform the initial peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurement in either standing or sitting position. The highest of three readings in each position were compared using paired t-test. A mean difference of

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Effectiveness of Home Visits in Adult Patients with Asthma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Muneswarao J, Hassali MA, Ibrahim B, Saini B, Hyder Ali IA, Rehman AU, et al.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2020 10;8(9):3036-3055.
PMID: 32502547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.032

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of home visits is well discussed for children with asthma, but limited in adults.
OBJECTIVE: The present systematic review aimed to investigate the potential role of home visits in improving outcomes among adult patients with asthma.
METHODS: The systematic review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2019. The studies included were randomized controlled trials, which reported asthma outcomes in adult patients.
RESULTS: The literature search yielded 8331 publications, of which 63 studies were selected for full-text review, and of these studies, 9 studies with a total of 2011 patients were included in the final analysis. The included randomized controlled trials reported quality of life, asthma symptoms, exacerbations, health care utilization, and pulmonary function. Improvements in asthma outcomes were observed predominantly in quality of life. The effects on asthma symptom control were inconsistent. The evidence on the impact of home visits in asthma exacerbations and health care utilization was rather limited. There were no significant differences observed between intervention versus control arms in terms of pulmonary function; however, 1 study reported significant improvements in peak expiratory flow rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Home visits may serve as an adjuvant activity that complements the existing health care system-based initiatives. It may be concluded that home visits have the potential to improve outcomes in adult patients with asthma; however, the randomized controlled trials reviewed in the present systematic review reported several limitations that warrant further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Fulltext The impact of the haze on children with chronic asthma

Chan PWK, DeBruyne JA, Chan TL, Goh AYT

JUMMEC, 1997;2(2):99-102.

To determine the impact of the haze on asthma symptomatology in children with chronic asthma on inhaled prophylaxis. The study was prospective and collected information on asthma symptoms from children attending the asthma clinic. A comparison of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements before and during the haze was performed for children above 7 years. A total of 97 children were included into the study. Forty (41%) children complained of an increase in nocturnal cough (55%) followed by nasal symptoms (40%), daytime cough (40%), nocturnal wheeze (25%) and daytime wheeze (18%). About half of the children who had increased symptomatology during the haze had to limit outdoor activities. In the 43 children in whom PEFR studies were available, 29 (67%) of them had a fall in the PEFR. However, children with no increase in asthma symptomatology showed a similar fall in PEFR measurement when compared to children with increased asthma symptomatology. The haze appeared to be detrimental to the well being of some children with chronic asthma despite being on inhaled prophylaxis.
Study site: Asthma clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Fulltext Peak expiratory flow rate in elderly Malaysians

Srinivas P, Chia YC, Poi PJH, Ebrahim S

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):11-21.
PMID: 10971999

An epidemiological survey was conducted among 1,414 healthy ambulatory elderly persons aged 55 years and above in the Kuala Langat district, Selangor. The relationship between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), demographic variables, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol use and respiratory symptoms were examined. The peak expiratory flow declined with age and were lower in women of all ages. Smoking had a modest effect on PEFR in men but not on PEFR in women. The combination of respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm and wheeze were related to lower PEFR values. Prediction equations are presented derived from the population sample which may be of assistance in assessing observed to expected ratios among elderly people in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate*
An evaluation of the agreement between three peak flow meters: Wright's, Miniwright's, and Pocket, when used in children

Deng CT, Azizi BH

J Asthma, 1996;33(2):125-30.
PMID: 8609100 DOI: 10.3109/02770909609054541

Three peak flow meters (PFM), Wright's, Miniwright's II (MPFM), and Pocket, were evaluated in 50 children in a pediatric outpatient clinic. It was found that there was close agreement between the Pocket and the MPFM as shown by an intraclass correlation (rho) of 0.95. Less agreement was noted between the MPFM and the Pocket, respectively, with the Wright's. It was also noted that the coefficient of correlation (r) was not a suitable test for agreement in this study. Both the Pocket and the MPFM also read higher than the Wright's. We conclude that children should be monitored using the same type of peak flow meter.
Study site: Pediatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate*
Fulltext Lung function in Malay children

Ismail Y, Azmi NN, Zurkurnain Y

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):171-4.
PMID: 8350792

We conducted a study to measure the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in a group of normal Malay primary school children aged 7 to 12 years. PEFR was measured in 920 children (482 boys and 438 girls) while FVC and FEV1 were measured in 292 of them (168 boys and 124 girls). In agreement with previous studies, we found that PEFR was correlated with age and height of the subjects but FVC and FEV1 were correlated with height only. Prediction equations for all 3 lung function indices for Malay boys and girls were formulated. In comparison with the lung function values from Western and Chinese subjects, the lung function values in our subjects are lower.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology
Fulltext Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Malaysian children

Omar AH, Henry RL

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):82-7.
PMID: 1836043

Prediction equations for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Malay, Chinese and Indian children were obtained by analysing 1020 PEFR recordings of children free of respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Boys had significantly higher PEFR than girls. For both sexes the highest levels of PEFR were observed in Malays and the lowest in Indians. The differences between Malay and Chinese boys were not statistically significant but the levels of PEFR for Malay and Chinese boys were significantly higher than those for Indian boys. In girls the differences among the ethnic groups were not statistically significant. Although ethnic differences were observed in boys these differences might not be clinically important. A common prediction equation for each sex should be both practical and accurate. When compared with predicted levels for white American and Australian children the predicted levels of PEFR of Malaysian children were found to be lower; these differences could be clinically important and the use of standards for Western children when assessing Malaysian children might not be appropriate.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate*
Fulltext Statins for asthma

Naing C, Ni H

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020 Jul 15;7(7):CD013268.
PMID: 32668027 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013268.pub2

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. People with asthma have inflammation of their airways that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and chest tightness, with or without a cough. Statins possess multiple therapeutic effects, including lowering lipid levels in the blood. Statins are reported to have a potential role as an adjunct treatment in asthma. However, comprehensive evidence of the benefits and harms of using statins is required to facilitate decision making.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of statins as an adjunct therapy for asthma in adults and children.
SEARCH METHODS: We searched for studies in the Cochrane Airways Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid SP and Embase Ovid SP, from their inception dates We handsearched the proceedings of major respiratory conferences. We also searched clinical trials registries for completed, ongoing and unpublished studies, and scanned the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews to identify additional studies. The search is current to 7 February 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a parallel-group design that assessed statins for at least 12 weeks' duration. We considered all participants with a clinical diagnosis of asthma to be eligible, regardless of age, sex, disease severity and previous or current treatment. We planned to include studies reported as full text, those published as abstract only, and unpublished data.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened and selected the studies, extracted outcome data and intervention characteristics from included studies, and assessed risk of bias according to standard Cochrane methodological procedures. We resolved any disagreement through discussion.
MAIN RESULTS: We found only one trial involving a total of 60 people living with asthma. The trial compared the effect of atorvastatin with a placebo (dummy treatment containing lactose) in treating people with chronic asthma. The trial did not report data for the primary outcomes or adverse events. There was uncertainty about the relative effect on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the atorvastatin group compared with the placebo group. The study did not report serious adverse effects for the interventions. The included study had internal discrepancies in its reported data.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence was of very low certainty, so we are unable to draw conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of statins to treat asthma. High-quality RCTs are needed to assess the effect of statins on people with asthma. Well-designed multicentre trials with larger samples and longer duration of treatment are required, which assess outcomes such as adverse events, hospital utilisation and costs, to provide better quality evidence. Future studies that include subgroups of obese people with asthma are also required.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/drug effects
Fulltext Symptomatology and health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Loh LC, Lai CH, Liew OH, Siow YY

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):570-7.
PMID: 16515107

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a growing health problem worldwide and in Malaysia. Until recently, research on COPD has been slow and difficult, partly due to the huge heterogeneity of this disease, and its variable and imprecise definitions. To perform a descriptive study on a convenient sample of local patients with COPD treated in a state hospital in Malaysia. Fifty-two patients [mean (95% CI) age: 67 (63-70) years; 86% male: 38% Malays, 36% Chinese, 25% Indians; mean (95% CI) PEFR: 45 (40-51) % predicted normal] were interviewed. Clinico-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire and health-related quality of life was scored using St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). For analysis, patients were also divided into moderate (n=17) [PEFR 50% to 80%] and severe (n=35) [PEFR < 50%] disease groups. Except for education and total family income, demographic and comorbidity variables were comparable between the two groups of COPD severity. All except 9% of patients were current or ex-smokers. Breathlessness, not chronic bronchitis (i.e. cough and sputum), was the first ranking respiratory symptom in over 70% of the patients, whether currently or at early disease manifestation. Between 5 and 15% of the patients denied any symptom of chronic bronchitis as current or early stage symptoms. Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis varied considerably with about 9% having symptoms for over 10 years. Over 80% of the patients smoked for over 15 years before the onset of symptoms. Quality of life in patients with COPI) was generally poor and similar between both COPD severity groups. About one fifth of the patients had exacerbations more than 12 times a year. While many features described in our local patients are well recognized in COPD, the finding that 'chronic bronchitis' is not a prominent symptom in the current or past history may have important implications in the diagnosis of at risk individuals and patients with early disease requiring attention. More research is required to confirm and to understand this.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Fulltext Gender differences and obesity influence on pulmonary function parameters

Zakaria R, Harif N, Al-Rahbi B, Aziz CBA, Ahmad AH

Oman Med J, 2019 Jan;34(1):44-48.
PMID: 30671183 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.07

Objectives: Overweight and obesity are known to cause various patterns of alteration to the pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters. We sought to investigate gender differences in PFT parameters and examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and PFT parameters.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 126 patients referred for a PFT by various medical specialties between January and December 2015. PFT was measured using spirometry, and BMI was calculated using Quetelet's index.
Results: Female patients exhibited lower mean values for all PFT parameters compared to male patients. The forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted was less than 80% for all patients while the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/FVC was higher with increased BMI. BMI was positively correlated with peak expiratory flow in all patients, and with FEV1/FVC ratio in males but not in females.
Conclusions: In our studied population, males exhibited higher mean values of PFT parameters than females. Increased BMI may be associated with a restrictive pattern on spirometry.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Fulltext Relationship between intracellular magnesium level, lung function, and level of asthma control in children with chronic bronchial asthma

Sein HH, Whye Lian C, Juan Loong K, Sl Ng J, Rahardjai A, Sultan MA

Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):30-6.
PMID: 25977631 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the intracellular (red blood cell (RBC)) magnesium levels in children with chronic bronchial asthma and to determine the relationship between the magnesium level and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), type of asthma treatment, and level of asthma control.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Clinic, Sarawak General Hospital. A total of 100 children, aged 6-12 years with chronic bronchial asthma, were recruited according to the study criteria. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure the intracellular (RBC) magnesium level using the GBC Avanta Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
RESULTS: Mean age was 8.57 (SD 1.18) years, and 63% of the participants were male. Mean duration of asthma was 62.2 (SD 32.3) months. A normal intracellular magnesium level was found in 95% of the participants, with a mean of 2.27 (SD 0.33) mmol/L. Two-thirds of the participants had a normal peak flow expiratory rate (> 80% of predicted value). About 85% were using both reliever and controller. Almost half of the participants (49%) had chronic asthma that was well-controlled. No significant relationship was found between magnesium level and age (r = -0.089, P = 0.379), gender (t = 0.64, P = 0.52), duration of asthma (r = -0.03, P = 0.74), PEFR (t = 0.41, P = 0.68), current level of asthma control (t = 0.02, P = 0.97), and current treatment (t = 0.414, P = 0.680).
CONCLUSION: There was no significant intracellular magnesium deficiency in children with chronic bronchial asthma. There was no significant relationship between therapeutic medications used for treatment of children with chronic asthma and intracellular magnesium levels.
KEYWORDS: asthma; intracellular; magnesium
Study site: Paediatric Clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Benefit of triple-strap abdominal binder on voluntary cough in patients with spinal cord injury

Julia PE, Sa'ari MY, Hasnan N

Spinal Cord, 2011 Nov;49(11):1138-42.
PMID: 21577218 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.53

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional experimental study.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the benefit of elastic abdominal binders on voluntary cough in persons with spinal cord injury.
SETTING: Spinal rehabilitation unit in a teaching hospital.
METHODS: We measured voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (in 21 subjects with spinal cord injury, (18 tetraplegia, 3 paraplegia) under three conditions: without abdominal binder as the baseline, with single-strap abdominal binder and triple-strap abdominal binder.
RESULTS: The results showed that the mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in all subjects without abdominal binder was 277.1 l per min. There was a significant increase in flow rate with the use of abdominal binders: 325.7 l per min with single-strap abdominal binder and 345.2 l per min with triple-strap abdominal binder (P<0.05, paired t-test). The mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in tetraplegic subjects using triple-strap abdominal binders was significantly higher compared with those using single-strap abdomina
l binders (322.1 l per min and 299.4 l per min, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Abdominal binders can be used as an effective method to improve cough ability in spinal cord injured patients, with triple-strap abdominal binder achieving greater cough peak expiratory flows.

Comment in: Frisbie JH. Question of stamina for the diaphragm. Spinal Cord. 2012 Jun;50(6):480. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.164. Epub 2012 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 22249332.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology
Fulltext Relationship between symptoms and objective measures of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients

Liam CK, Goh CT, Isahak M, Lim KH, Wong CM

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2001 Jun;19(2):79-83.
PMID: 11699724

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma symptoms and the degree of airway obstruction as measured by the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in a group of 64 asthmatic patients with clinically stable disease attending a university-based urban asthma clinic. Asthma symptoms did not correlate with the degree of airway obstruction as measured by prebronchodilator PEFR (total asthma symptom score vs PEFR: r = -0.214, p = 0.104, n = 59) and only correlated poorly with prebronchodilator FEV1 (total asthma symptom score vs FEV1: r = -0.256, p = 0.041, n = 64). These results lend support to the recommendation that airway obstruction should be measured objectively when assessing patients with chronic persistent asthma.
Study site: Asthma clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/drug effects; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology
Fulltext Pulmonary function in symptom-free asthmatics

Yaacob I, Mohammad M

Singapore Med J, 1993 Dec;34(6):522-3.
PMID: 8153715

Seventy-five adult asthmatic patients with clinical remission underwent spirometry. Only 8.3% of the subjects demonstrated normal spirometry. The others had reduced vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMF) and peak flow rate (PEFR). This study demonstrates that asthma can cause irreversible airflow obstruction and there is a poor relationship between symptoms in asthmatics and their respiratory function test results.
Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/drug effects; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology
The use of end-tidal capnography to monitor non-intubated patients presenting with acute exacerbation of asthma in the emergency department

Howe TA, Jaalam K, Ahmad R, Sheng CK, Nik Ab Rahman NH

J Emerg Med, 2011 Dec;41(6):581-9.
PMID: 19272745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.10.017

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the slope of Phase II and Phase III, and the alpha angle of the expiratory capnographic waveform, as measured via computer-recognizable algorithms, can reflect changes in bronchospasm in acute asthmatic non-intubated patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).
METHODS: In this prospective study carried out in a university hospital ED, 30 patients with acute asthma were monitored with clinical severity scoring and peak flow measurements, and then had a nasal cannula attached for sidestream sampling of expired carbon dioxide. The capnographic waveform was recorded onto a personal computer card for analysis. The patients were treated according to departmental protocols. After treatment, when they had improved enough for discharge, a second set of results was obtained for capnographic waveform recording. The pre-treatment and post-treatment results were then compared with paired-samples t-test analysis.
RESULTS: On the capnographic waveform pre- and post-treatment, there was a significant difference in the slope of Phase III (p < 0.001) and alpha angle (p < 0.001), but not in the Phase II slope (p = 0.35). There was significant change in peak flow meter reading, but it was poorly correlated with all the capnographic indices.
CONCLUSION: The study provides some preliminary data showing that capnographic waveform indices can indicate improvement in airway diameter in acute asthmatics in the ED. Capnographic waveform analysis presents several advantages in that it is effort-independent, and provides continuous monitoring of normal tidal respiration. With further refined studies, it may serve as a new method of monitoring non-intubated asthmatics in the ED.
Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology
Fulltext Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 'difficult-to-control' asthma: prevalence and response to treatment with acid suppressive therapy

Wong CH, Chua CJ, Liam CK, Goh KL

Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2006 May 1;23(9):1321-7.
PMID: 16629937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02888.x

BACKGROUND: The causal association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and difficult-to-control asthma is unclear.
AIM: To determine the prevalence of GERD and response to proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with difficult-to-control asthma.
METHODS: Consecutive patients with difficult-to-control asthma as defined by persistent and recurrent symptoms despite on optimal asthmatic medications were recruited for the study. GERD was diagnosed by symptoms, gastroscopy and 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring. All patients were prescribed a course of lansoprazole 30 mg daily for 8 weeks. Improvement to treatment was assessed by a change in pulmonary symptom score and also by patient's subjective assessment of improvement.
RESULTS: Seventeen of 30 (56.7%) patients with difficult-to-control asthma were diagnosed with GERD. Pulmonary symptom score improved significantly only in patients with GERD (35.0 to 21.0; P = 0.002). Twelve of 16 (75%) patients with GERD reported an improvement in asthma symptoms; 1 of 11 (9.1%) without GERD reported mild symptom improvement. There was no significant change in peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume.
CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with difficult-to-control asthma were diagnosed with GERD. In these patients the severity of asthma improved significantly with potent acid suppression therapy. This underlines the critical role of acid reflux in this subset of patients with difficult-to-control asthma.
Study site: Respiratory clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/drug effects
Fulltext Predictors' factors of nutritional status of male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Pirabbasi E, Najafiyan M, Cheraghi M, Shahar S, Abdul Manaf Z, Rajab N, et al.

ISRN Nurs, 2012;2012:782626.
PMID: 23209935 DOI: 10.5402/2012/782626

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease that leads to weight loss and muscle dysfunction resulting in an increase in mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of malnutrition and nutritional status and also factors associated with nutritional status. A total of 149 subjects were involved in the cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at two medical centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results of the study showed that malnutrition was more prevalent (52.4%) in the subjects with severe stages of COPD as compared to mild and moderate COPD stages (26.2%) (P < 0.05). Fat-free mass depletion as assessed using fat-free mass index (FFMI) affected 41.9% of the subjects. Plasma vitamin A, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and handgrip were the predictors for body mass index (BMI) (R(2) = 0.190, P < 0.001). Plasma vitamin A and force expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) were the predictors of FFMI (R(2) = 0.082, P = 0.007). BMI was the predictor of respiratory factors, that is, FEV(1)% predicted (R(2) = 0.052, P = 0.011). It can be concluded that there is a need to identify malnourished COPD patients for an appropriate nutrition intervention.
Study site: outpatient clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Institute of Respiratory Medicine

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Pulmonary function in healthy Chinese, Malay and Indian adults in Singapore

Chia SE, Wang YT, Chan OY, Poh SC

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1993 Nov;22(6):878-84.
PMID: 8129348

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), single-breath diffusion capacity measurements (effective alveolar volume (VA), carbon monoxide transfer factor (DLCO) and transfer coefficient (KCO)) were determined in 452 healthy Singaporean adults (277 males and 175 females) aged 20-70 years. The ratio of Chinese, Malay and Indian subjects was 5:2:3 in both sexes. Age, height and weight in the males were all significantly correlated with FEV1, FVC, DLCO, VA and PEFR. However, for females, only age and height were significantly correlated with the studied lung function parameters. Significant ethnic differences were observed for most of the pulmonary functions (except KCO and PEFR) among the Chinese, Malays and Indians for both males and females. The predicted FEV1 and FVC values (specific age and height) for both sexes were highest among the Chinese followed by the Malays than Indians, in that order. Regression equations, with age and height as independent variables, were derived for males and females in each ethnic group to predict normal pulmonary function for the Singapore Chinese, Malay and Indian populations. The predicted values of various pulmonary function measurements obtained from these regression equations for subjects of specified age (30 years) and height (165 cm for men, 155 cm for women) were compared with those reported in other studies. Differences were observed among the different races.

Matched MeSH terms: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

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