Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 22 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Encephalitis in racehorses in Malaya
    HALE JH, WITHERINGTON DH
    J Comp Pathol, 1953 Jul;63(3):195-8.
    PMID: 13084794
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases*
  2. Fulltext First Report of Trypanosoma theileri in Equine Host and Tabanus sp. in Malaysia
    Tan LP, Mohd Rajdi NZI, Mohamad MA, Mohamed M, Hamdan RH, Goriman Khan MAK, et al.
    J Equine Vet Sci, 2022 01;108:103807.
    PMID: 34875427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103807
    Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri is a non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic parasite of domestic cattle that is cyclically transmitted by blood-sucking insects, mainly tabanid flies. It has been reported in several countries like Brazil, Venezuela, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Although the ruminant industry is actively expanded in Malaysia, T. theileri and T. theileri-like trypanosomes have never been reported from Malaysia. The low pathogenicity of this species might be the main reason for overlooking T. theileri in this country. This paper describes an unforeseen finding of T. theileri from the outbreak of T. evansi in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. This is the first time T. theileri reported in Malaysia, and also the first time T. theileri is reported in equid. Clinical signs compatible with infection by blood protozoa were observed; however, it was uncertain whether they were due to T. theileri infection. The detection of T. theileri from the blood sample and Tabanus sp. were confirmed through molecular analysis with PCR and DNA sequencing. In the present study, T. theileri from one horse and one Tabanus sp. were clustered with sequences of the previously described phylogenetic lineages from Japan, Chad and Brazil cattle. Even though this species is claimed to be host-specific with ruminant host restriction, the finding from this study suggested that T. theileri can infect equine whilst other isolates are known to infect ruminant species only. It is suspected there were two genotypes of T. theileri circulating in at least two districts of Kelantan. Thus, further study on multiple DNA regions should be conducted to determine the strains of detected T. theileri in Malaysia. Its impact on the horse and cattle industry should also be revised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases*
  3. Hendra virus disease in horses
    Westbury HA
    Rev. - Off. Int. Epizoot., 2000 Apr;19(1):151-9.
    PMID: 11189712
    The author provides an account of the discovery of a previously undescribed disease of horses and a description of the studies involved in determining the aetiology of the disease. The causative virus, now named Hendra virus (HeV), is the reference virus for a proposed new genus within the virus family Paramyxoviridae. The virus is a lethal zoonotic agent able to cause natural disease in humans and horses and experimentally induced disease in cats, guinea-pigs and mice. The virus also naturally infects species of the family Megachiroptera, mainly subclinically, and such animals are the natural host of HeV. The virus appears to transmit readily between species of Megachiroptera, but not readily between horses under natural and experimental conditions, or from horses to humans. The method of transmission from bats to horses is not known. Three incidents of HeV disease in horses have been recorded in Australia--two in 1994 which caused the death of two humans and fifteen horses and one in 1999 which involved the death of a single horse. Hendra virus is related to Nipah virus, the virus that caused disease and mortality in humans, pigs, dogs and cats in Malaysia during 1998 and 1999.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horse Diseases/virology*
  4. Myelopathy and Reactive Microgliosis and Astrogliosis in Equine Back Pain
    Mayaki AM, Abdul Razak IS, Mohd Adzahan N, Mazlan M, Abdullah R
    J Equine Vet Sci, 2020 07;90:103019.
    PMID: 32534783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103019
    Equine chronic back pain (CBP) has been linked to different pathologic processes, which directly or indirectly involve spinal structures. Thus, making diagnosis and management very challenging with most horses with the condition recommended for early retirement from athletic activity. This study described the spinal cord lesions and the development of reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis in the spinal cords of horse with CBP. Thoracolumbar spinal cord segments from three horses euthanized because of unresolved CBP were dissected and grossly and histopathologically examined. The expression of activated microglia and astrocytes were demonstrated immunohistochemically using polyclonal rabbit anti-Iba-1 and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies, respectively. All horses had radiological evidence of varying degrees of kissing spine involving six to nine vertebrae with the majority of the lesions graded between 2 and 5. Grossly, there was myelomalacia with intramedullary hemorrhages. The gray matters of the spinal cords were characterized by hemorrhagic malacic lesions with medullary disintegration. Reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis were evident in the spinal dorsal horns. White matter lesions include axonal swollen and/or loss, satellitosis, and varying degrees of dilation of myelin sheaths with some containing macrophages. In conclusion, the presence of reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis in the spinal dorsal horn indicates that they are possible precipitating factors in the development of equine CBP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases*
  5. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trypanosoma evansi infection in horses in Peninsular Malaysia
    Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA
    Res Vet Sci, 2013 Apr;94(2):285-9.
    PMID: 23021152 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.09.004
    A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection among horses, using a total of 527 blood samples obtained from eight states in Peninsular Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with T. evansi seroprevalence. The overall seroprevalence detected by card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) was 13.90% (73/527, CI: 11.2-17.1%). Female and exogenous horses showed a higher risk in association with the disease seroprevalence compared to other groups. The majority of the horse owners were not familiar with surra (85.30%). However, most of them were very cautious with the health of their animals. In conclusion, this study showed that T. evansi occurred in low frequency among horses in Peninsular Malaysia, and the good management system adopted by horse owners was probably responsible for the low T. evansi occurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/blood; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/parasitology*
  6. Japanese B encephalitis in a horse
    Chong Sue Kheng, Teoh Kim Chee, Marchette NJ, Garcia R, Rudnick A, Coughlan RF
    Aust. Vet. J., 1968 Jan;44(1):23-5.
    PMID: 5689238
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/immunology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology*
  7. Race-day performance of horses with epiglottic entrapment, and following surgical correction using intra-oral curved bistoury hook in anaesthetised horses
    Shaw DJ, Rosanowski SM
    Vet J, 2019 Aug;250:24-27.
    PMID: 31383416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.05.015
    Epiglottic entrapment is a condition in racing horses, associated with abnormal respiratory noises and exercise intolerance. Epiglottic entrapment has been linked to both poor and superior athletic performance, leading to concerns regarding whether surgery is indicated, and whether surgical correction may have a deleterious effect on future race performance. The objective of the current study was to assess the race-day performance of horses racing with epiglottic entrapment and the effect of surgical correction on performance outcomes using an intra-oral technique in anaesthetised horses. A case-control study was conducted at the Singapore Turf Club from 2008 to 2011. Controls were selected 1:1 to cases, based on Malaysian Racing Authority number. The performance of horses racing with epiglottic entrapment was recorded and post-surgery race performance was described. Further, post-surgery race performance was compared between cases and with non-case controls. Twenty horses raced with epiglottic entrapment were retrospectively enrolled. There was a significant difference in racing performance in case horses racing with and without epiglottic entrapment (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/physiopathology*; Horse Diseases/surgery*
  8. Hendra virus: a highly lethal zoonotic agent
    Westbury H
    Vet J, 2000 Nov;160(3):165-6.
    PMID: 11061952
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/transmission; Horse Diseases/virology*
  9. Emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia
    Uppal PK
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2000;916:354-7.
    PMID: 11193645
    A pig-borne virus causing viral encephalitis amongst human beings in Malaysia was detected in 1997 by the Ministry of Health. Initially, the disease was considered to be Japanese encephalitis. Subsequently, it was thought to be a Hendra-like viral encephalitis, but on 10th April, 1999 the Minister of Health announced this mysterious and deadly virus to be a new virus named Nipah virus. The virus was characterized at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia. The gene sequencing of the enveloped virus revealed that one of the genes had 21% difference in the nucleotide sequence with about 8% difference in the amino acid sequence from Hendra virus isolated from horses in Australia in 1994. The virus was named after the village Nipah. In all, the Ministry of Health declared 101 human casualties, and 900,000 pigs were culled by April, 1999. The worst affected area in Malaysia was Negri Sembilan. The symptoms, incubation period in human being and pigs, animal to human transmission, threat of disease to other livestock, and control program adopted in Malaysia is described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/transmission; Horse Diseases/virology
  10. Emerging encephalitogenic viruses: lyssaviruses and henipaviruses transmitted by frugivorous bats
    Mackenzie JS, Field HE
    Arch. Virol. Suppl., 2004.
    PMID: 15119765
    Three newly recognized encephalitogenic zoonotic viruses spread from fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (order Chiroptera, suborder Megachiroptera) have been recognised over the past decade. These are: Hendra virus, formerly named equine morbillivirus, which was responsible for an outbreak of disease in horses and humans in Brisbane, Australia, in 1994; Australian bat lyssavirus, the cause of a severe acute encephalitis, in 1996; and Nipah virus, the cause of a major outbreak of encephalitis and pulmonary disease in domestic pigs and people in peninsula Malaysia in 1999. Hendra and Nipah viruses have been shown to be the first two members of a new genus, Henipavirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, whereas Australian bat lyssavirus is closely related antigenically to classical rabies virus in the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, although it can be distinguished on genetic grounds. Hendra and Nipah viruses have neurological and pneumonic tropisms. The first humans and equids with Hendra virus infections died from acute respiratory disease, whereas the second human patient died from an encephalitis. With Nipah virus, the predominant clinical syndrome in humans was encephalitic rather than respiratory, whereas in pigs, the infection was characterised by acute fever with respiratory involvement with or without neurological signs. Two human infections with Australian bat lyssavirus have been reported, the clinical signs of which were consistent with classical rabies infection and included a diffuse, non-suppurative encephalitis. Many important questions remain to be answered regarding modes of transmission, pathogenesis, and geographic range of these viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/transmission
  11. Molecular Epidemiology of a novel re-assorted epidemic strain of equine influenza virus in Pakistan in 2015-16
    Khan A, Mushtaq MH, Ahmad MUD, Nazir J, Farooqi SH, Khan A
    Virus Res, 2017 08 15;240:56-63.
    PMID: 28757141 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.022
    BACKGROUND: A widespread epidemic of equine influenza (EI) occurred in nonvaccinated equine population across multiple districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan during 2015-2016.

    OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: An epidemiological surveillance study was conducted from Oct 2015 to April 2016 to investigate the outbreak. EI virus strains were isolated in embryonated eggs from suspected equines swab samples and were subjected to genome sequencing using M13 tagged segment specific primers. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences were concluded using Geneious. Haemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA), Matrix (M) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the isolated viruses were aligned with those of OIE recommended, FC-1, FC-2, and contemporary isolates of influenza A viruses from other species.

    RESULTS: HA and NA genes amino acid sequences were very similar to Tennessee/14 and Malaysia/15 of FC-1 and clustered with the contemporary isolates recently reported in the USA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses were mostly identical (with 99.6% and 97.4% nucleotide homology) to, and were reassortants containing chicken/Pakistan/14 (H7N3) and Canine/Beijing/10 (H3N2) like M and NP genes. Genetic analysis indicated that A/equine/Pakistan/16 viruses were most probably the result of several re-assortments between the co-circulating avian and equine viruses, and were genetically unlike the other equine viruses due to the presence of H7N3 or H3N2 like M and NP genes.

    CONCLUSION: Epidemiological data analysis indicated the potential chance of mixed, and management such as mixed farming system by keeping equine, canine and backyard poultry together in confined premises as the greater risk factors responsible for the re-assortments. Other factors might have contributed to the spread of the epidemic, including low awareness level, poor control of equine movements, and absence of border control disease strategies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/virology*
  12. Epidemiology of henipavirus disease in humans
    Luby SP, Gurley ES
    Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2012;359:25-40.
    PMID: 22752412 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_207
    All seven recognized human cases of Hendra virus (HeV) infection have occurred in Queensland, Australia. Recognized human infections have all resulted from a HeV infected horse that was unusually efficient in transmitting the virus and a person with a high exposure to infectious secretions. In the large outbreak in Malaysia where Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified, most human infections resulted from close contact with NiV infected pigs. Outbreak investigations in Bangladesh have identified drinking raw date palm sap as the most common pathway of NiV transmission from Pteropus bats to people, but person-to-person transmission of NiV has been repeatedly identified in Bangladesh and India. Although henipaviruses are not easily transmitted to people, these newly recognized, high mortality agents warrant continued scientific attention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology*; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horse Diseases/virology
  13. Fulltext Active infection and morphometric study of Trypanosoma evansi among horses in Peninsula Malaysia
    Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Sep;30(3):444-50.
    PMID: 24189674 MyJurnal
    Apart from occasional reports of clinical disease affecting horses, there is no information about Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Peninsula Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted in eight states in Peninsula Malaysia to determine the active presence of T. evansi in horses. A total of 527 blood samples were obtained and examined by haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), Giemsa-stained thin blood smear (GSS), morphometric measurements, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning of PCR products. The results showed an overall parasitological prevalence of 0.57% (3/527, CI: 1.6-0.19%) with both HCT and GSS. Morphometric study revealed the mean total length of the trypanosomes including the free flagellum was 27.94 ± 2.63 μm. PCR successfully amplified a trypanosome specific 257 bp in 1.14% of samples (6/527, CI: 2.4-0.52%) and was confirmed by nucleotide sequences. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) for the positive cases detected by HCT was lower (23% ± 7.00) compared to the positive cases detected by PCR alone in the state of Terengganu (35% ± 4.73). In conclusion, this study showed T. evansi infection occurred in low frequency in horses in Peninsula Malaysia, and anaemia coincided with parasitaemic animals. PCR is considered as a sensitive diagnostic tool when parasitaemia is undetectable. The slight lengthier mean of parasite and anaemia may indicate a virulent strain of T. evansi circulating throughout the country. Thus, it's highly recommended to shed light on host-parasite relationship for better epidemiological understanding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology*; Horse Diseases/parasitology; Horse Diseases/pathology
  14. Henipaviruses: a new family of emerging Paramyxoviruses
    Wild TF
    Pathol. Biol., 2009 Mar;57(2):188-96.
    PMID: 18511217 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.006
    Paramyxoviruses have been implicated in both animal and human infections. Some viruses, such as Morbilliviruses are responsible for large-scale epidemics. However, there are limited observations of these viruses crossing the host species barrier in nature. In 1994, in Australia a fatal infection in horses and humans was identified to be caused by a new Paramyxovirus, Hendra virus (HeV), and in 1998 in Malaysia, a closely related virus, Nipah virus (NiV) was responsible for fatal infections in pigs and humans. These two viruses were sufficiently different from previously described Paramyxoviruses to create a new genus, Henipaviruses. The natural reservoir of these viruses was the fruit bat (Pteropus), which is found in regions extending from the western Pacific to the eastern coast of Africa. Serological studies have established that as many as half the fruit bats in colonies throughout these regions may have antibodies against this family of viruses. The availability of diagnostic reagents for Nipah virus in humans have identified infections in several countries including, Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. In some of these epidemics, mortality in humans exceeds 75%. Deforestation is probably responsible for fruit bats leaving their ecological niches and approaching farms and villages. The infection of humans and animals may occur via contaminated foods or in certain cases by animals to man. At present, only within close families has human-to-human transmission been proposed. Henipavirus infections are probably more widespread than it is at presently known and so it is important to have an intense monitoring for these diseases, especially in countries where large-scale deforestation is happening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/virology
  15. Current status of diagnostic methods for henipavirus
    Tamin A, Rota PA
    Dev Biol (Basel), 2013;135:139-45.
    PMID: 23689891 DOI: 10.1159/000189236
    Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are the causative agents of emerging transboundary animal disease in pigs and horses. They also cause fatal disease in humans. NiV has a case fatality rate of 40 - 100%. In the initial NiV outbreak in Malaysia in 1999, about 1.1 million pigs had to be culled. The economic impact was estimated to be approximately US$450 million. Worldwide, HeV has caused more than 60 deaths in horses with 7 human cases and 4 deaths. Since the initial outbreak, HeV spillovers from Pteropus bats to horses and humans continue. This article presents a brief review on the currently available diagnostic methods for henipavirus infections, including advances achieved since the initial outbreak, and a gap analysis of areas needing improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horse Diseases/virology
  16. [Emergence of transmissible disorders, a continuous process--a new type of viral meningoencephalitis]
    Ivan A, Indrei LL
    Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi, 2000 Apr-Jun;104(2):51-5.
    PMID: 12089991
    In the interval 1994-1999, in Australia, Malaysia and Singapore, epizootic and epidemiological episodes of meningoencephalitis and severe acute respiratory syndromes were reported. Highly lethal in horses, swine and humans, the episodes were proved to be caused by the "new" viruses Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV). At the same time three "new" viral agents have been isolated: Lyssavirus, Menanglevirus and Tupaia paramyxovirus. The intense contemporary circulation of people, animals and food products together with changes in human ecosystem favor new relations between humans and the "natural reservoirs" of biologic agents with a pathogenic potential for domestic and peridomestic animals and humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/virology
  17. Fulltext Isolation and characterization of equine influenza virus (H3N8) from an equine influenza outbreak in Malaysia in 2015
    Toh X, Soh ML, Ng MK, Yap SC, Harith N, Fernandez CJ, et al.
    Transbound Emerg Dis, 2019 Sep;66(5):1884-1893.
    PMID: 31059176 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13218
    Equine influenza is a major cause of respiratory infections in horses and can spread rapidly despite the availability of commercial vaccines. In this study, we carried out molecular characterization of Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) isolated from the Malaysian outbreak in 2015 by sequencing of the HA and NA gene segments using Sanger sequencing. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of HA and NA were compared with representative Florida clade 1 and clade 2 strains using phylogenetic analysis. The Florida clade 1 viruses identified in this outbreak revealed numerous amino acid substitutions in the HA protein as compared to the current OIE vaccine strain recommendations and representative strains of circulating Florida sub-lineage clade 1 and clade 2. Differences in HA included amino acids located within antigenic sites which could lead to reduced immune recognition of the outbreak strain and alter the effectiveness of vaccination against the outbreak strain. Detailed surveillance and genetic information sharing could allow genetic drift of equine influenza viruses to be monitored more effectively on a global basis and aid in refinement of vaccine strain selection for EIV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/epidemiology*; Horse Diseases/virology
  18. Differential Diagnosis of Flavivirus Infections in Horses Using Viral Envelope Protein Domain III Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
    Piyasena TBH, Setoh YX, Hobson-Peters J, Prow NA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Khromykh AA, et al.
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2017 12;17(12):825-835.
    PMID: 29083957 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2172
    In Australia, infection of horses with the West Nile virus (WNV) or Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) occasionally results in severe neurological disease that cannot be clinically differentiated. Confirmatory serological tests to detect antibody specific for MVEV or WNV in horses are often hampered by cross-reactive antibodies induced to conserved epitopes on the envelope (E) protein. This study utilized bacterially expressed recombinant antigens derived from domain III of the E protein (rE-DIII) of MVEV and WNV, respectively, to determine whether these subunit antigens provided specific diagnostic markers of infection with these two viruses. When a panel of 130 serum samples, from horses with known flavivirus infection status, was tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rE-DIII antigens, a differential diagnosis of MVEV or WNV was achieved for most samples. Time-point samples from horses exposed to flavivirus infection during the 2011 outbreak of equine encephalitis in south-eastern Australia also indicated that the rE-DIII antigens were capable of detecting and differentiating MVEV and WNV infection in convalescent sera with similar sensitivity and specificity to virus neutralization tests and blocking ELISAs. Overall, these results indicate that the rE-DIII is a suitable antigen for use in rapid immunoassays for confirming MVEV and WNV infections in horses in the Australian context and warrant further assessment on sensitive, high-throughput serological platforms such as multiplex immune assays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horse Diseases/virology*
  19. Fulltext A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Getah virus
    Sam SS, Teoh BT, Chee CM, Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Abd-Jamil J, Loong SK, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2018 12 05;8(1):17632.
    PMID: 30518924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36043-6
    Getah virus (GETV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is an emerging animal pathogen causing outbreaks among racehorses and pigs. Early detection of the GETV infection is essential for timely implementation of disease prevention and control interventions. Thus, a rapid and accurate nucleic acid detection method for GETV is highly needed. Here, two TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probe-based quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were developed. The qRT-PCR primers and TaqMan MGB probe were designed based on the conserved region of nsP1 and nsP2 genes of 23 GETV genome sequences retrieved from GenBank. Only the qRT-PCR assay using nsP2-specific primers and probe detected all two Malaysia GETV strains (MM2021 and B254) without cross-reacting with other closely related arboviruses. The qRT-PCR assay detected as few as 10 copies of GETV RNA, but its detection limit at the 95% probability level was 63.25 GETV genome copies (probit analysis, P ≤ 0.05). Further validation of the qRT-PCR assay using 16 spiked simulated clinical specimens showed 100% for both sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, the qRT-PCR assay developed in this study is useful for rapid, sensitive and specific detection and quantification of GETV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horse Diseases/virology
  20. First report of equine Setaria digitata (von Linstow 1906) infestation in Malaysia
    Peng TL, Armiladiana MM, Ruhil HH, Maizan M, Choong SS
    Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports, 2019 08;17:100310.
    PMID: 31303218 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100310
    The occurrence of Setaria digitata in a horse is reported for the first time in Malaysia. An 8-year-old Thoroughbred cross mare was referred to the University Veterinary Clinic with the primary complaint of corneal opacity and excessive eye discharge. After initial treatment with Terramycin eye ointment, corneal opacity cleared partially to reveal a moving thread-like cylindrical worm in the anterior chamber of the eye. The parasite was successfully removed surgically, and examination under the light microscope revealed that the isolated worm (length = 45 mm) was a 5th stage larva of S. digitata based on morphological criteria. Confirmation of the species of the worm was through molecular methods. The 12S rRNA gene was PCR-amplified, and the purified amplicon was directly sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated roundworm showed 100% sequence similarity with that of S. digitata in NCBI GenBank database (Accession no.: KY284626.1). This report is the first confirmed case of equine ocular setariasis by S. digitata in Malaysia. The current study provides evidence that S. digitata is an etiological agent of ocular infection and its presence in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horse Diseases/drug therapy; Horse Diseases/parasitology*
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links