MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 26 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Mottled enamel as evidenc of endemice fluorosis in the Sabak area of the Sg. Bernam, Kuala Selangor, Selangor

Tratman EK

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:181-3.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Fluorosis prevalence among schoolchildren in a fluoridated community in Malaysia

Tan BS, Razak IA, Foo LC

Community Dent Health, 2005 Mar;22(1):35-9.
PMID: 15819114

This study aims to assess the magnitude of the problem of fluorosis among 10-11 year old schoolchildren in a fluoridated area in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
Enamel defects in 11-12 year-old subjects in a fluoridated area

Abdul Razak I, Nik Hussein NN

Dent J Malays, 1986 May;9(1):23-8.
PMID: 3270565

Enamel defects were studied in a group of 11-12 year-old children in a fluoridated area using the DDE index. The mouth prevalence of this condition was 72.5 per cent with a tooth prevalence of 40.4 per cent. Enamel opacities accounted for 96.5 per cent of the total condition of which the diffuse patchy type predominates. The defects on the affected posterior teeth occurred most commonly on both the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces, with most defects being located in the incisal one-half, gingival one-half and occlusal simultaneously. In the affected incisors, the highest proportion of defects affected the buccal surface only, with the most frequent location being the incisal one-half and gingival one-half simultaneously. In 20.9 per cent of the affected subjects, there was a 100 per cent tooth involvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
Esthetic perception and psychosocial impact of developmental enamel defects among Malaysian adolescents

Sujak SL, Abdul Kadir R, Dom TN

J Oral Sci, 2004 Dec;46(4):221-6.
PMID: 15901066

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial impact of enamel defects among 16-year-old school children on the island of Penang. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey and an oral examination, using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (FDI, 1992). In all, 1024 subjects were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. About two-thirds of the sample (67.1%) had at least one tooth affected by enamel defects. Enamel opacities accounted for 85.6% of the total condition. Diffuse-type opacity predominated (63.5%). Among subjects who expressed dissatisfaction, 18.8% reported covering their mouths when smiling, 8.7% avoided going out with friends and 39.1% had consulted their dentists. About 17% of the subjects reported that their parents had complained about the color of their front teeth but only 5.7% had experienced being teased by their friends about the problem. Two-thirds of the subjects were affected by enamel defects involving at least one tooth; however, the esthetic perception and psychosocial impact of those affected were minor.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/diagnosis; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology; Fluorosis, Dental/psychology*
Fulltext Aesthetic Management of Fluoresced Teeth with Ceramic Veneers and Direct Composite Bonding - An Overview and A Case Presentation

Jhajharia K, Shah HH, Paliwal A, Parikh V, Patel S

J Clin Diagn Res, 2015 Jun;9(6):ZD28-30.
PMID: 26266231 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12542.6108

Tooth discolouration is a common problem and affects people of all ages. Apart from the conventional treatment modalities for the same, newer options are available today with better techniques and materials. The present case report describes a 17-year-old girl who had stained and pitted teeth, attributable to dental fluorosis and she desired aesthetic treatment for the same. The pros and cons of all treatment options were carefully weighed and a multistep treatment process involving ceramic veneers and direct bonding were planned. The execution of the planned treatment yielded a good aesthetic and functional outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in Singapore

Lo GL, Bagramian RA

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1996 Feb;24(1):25-7.
PMID: 8833510

Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was assessed in 1739 Singaporean children aged 9, 12 and 16 yr in three different ethnic groups. All subjects had resided since birth in Singapore, which has a tropical climate. The water supply was fluoridated in 1957 at a level of 0.7 ppm. In this sample, mouth prevalence was 82.6%, tooth prevalence was 66.9%, the community fluorosis index was at 1.96; 9.2% of children had severe fluorosis and 26.2% had moderate fluorosis. There were no significant gender or racial differences. Prevalences were higher than those reported in most other studies. Due to differences in indices used and methodology, comparisons could not be made directly with other studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/classification; Fluorosis, Dental/ethnology; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
Fulltext Past Fluoride Exposure From Ingested Toothpaste Extrapolated From Younger Siblings And Fluorosis Status

Tan, B.S., Razak, I.A., Foo, L.C.

Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
MyJurnal

The aim of the study was to assess the association between past fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste and current fluorosis manifestations in 10- 11 year old index subjects. Fluorosis was assessed with the Dean’s Index in 1343 10-11 year old index subjects. Two hundred index subjects who had younger 4-5 year old siblings were sub sampled and fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste in their younger siblings (proxy subjects) were determined. The values for the fluoride ingested per brushing of the proxy subjects were utilised together with past frequency of toothbrushing of index subjects to extrapolate on the past exposure of index subjects. The mean extrapolated past fluoride exposure from ingestion of toothpaste was highly variable; 671.7 ug ± 739.3 ug (sem= 56.9). It was higher in the subjects with fluorosis (697.3 ug) than in those without fluorosis (646.89 ug) but differences were not of statistical significance. This approach of extrapolation has not been reported elsewhere and need to be validated. The implications of the present methodology to estimate past fluoride exposure is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Fulltext Evidence-based clinical recommendations for fluoride use: a review

Mani, Shani Ann

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2009;4(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

The use of fluoride as a preventive measure for dental caries has been established more than 50 years ago. The recommendations for fluoride use has been modified over the years due to factors like decreased prevalence of caries, increased prevalence of dental fluorosis and the widespread availability of fluoride in various forms to the community. In recent years, the role of evidence-based recommendations has come to the forefront, in an attempt to ensure the most favorable treatment for the individual. This review has attempted to appraise the most recent evidence- based recommendations for different fluoride modalities put forth by various organizations worldwide, in order to appreciate the current status of fluoride in the early 21st century.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Endemic fluorosis among 14-year-old Yemeni adolescents: an exploratory survey

Kadir RA, Al-Maqtari RA

Int Dent J, 2010 Dec;60(6):407-10.
PMID: 21302739

To assess the extent of fluorosis in a representative sample of 14-year-old Yemeni adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/etiology; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
Fluoride toothpaste utilization behaviour among preschool children in Perlis, Malaysia

Tay HL, Zainudin IS, Jaafar N

Community Dent Health, 2009 Dec;26(4):211-5.
PMID: 20088218

Very mild fluorosis is quite prevalent in children and one of the sources may be attributed to poor fluoride toothpaste utilization habits.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/etiology*; Fluorosis, Dental/prevention & control
The impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis: a systematic review

Mohd Nor NA, Chadwick BL, Farnell DJ, Chestnutt IG

Rev Environ Health, 2020 Nov 18;35(4):419-426.
PMID: 32598322 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0059

OBJECTIVE: The increased availability of fluoride and concern over the impact of fluorosis, have led to guidance suggesting a decrease or cease in the optimal concentration of fluoride in water fluoridation schemes. To date there have been no systematic reviews looking at both impact of fluoride reduction and total cessation. This review aimed to examine the impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis.
CONTENT: Multiple databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science). Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data and assessed study quality. Results were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of dental fluorosis.
SUMMARY: Six studies of cross-sectional design were included. Two studies were scored as evidence level B (moderate) and the remaining four publications were evidence level C (poor). Meta-analysis indicated fluorosis prevalence was significantly decreased following either a reduction in the concentration of fluoride or cessation of adding fluoride to the water supply (OR:6.68; 95% CI:2.48 to 18.00).
OUTLOOK: The evidence suggests a significant decrease in the prevalence of fluorosis post cessation or reduction in the concentration of fluoride added to the water supply. However, this work demonstrates that when studies are subject to current expectations of methodological and experimental rigour, there is limited evidence with low methodological quality to determine the effect of stopping or reducing the concentration of fluoride in the water supply on dental fluorosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/etiology; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
The impact of a reduction in fluoride concentration in the Malaysian water supply on the prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries

Mohd Nor NA, Chadwick BL, Farnell DJJ, Chestnutt IG

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2018 10;46(5):492-499.
PMID: 30019792 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12407

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and caries among Malaysian children following the reduction in fluoride concentration from 0.7 to 0.5 parts per million (ppm) in the public water supply.
METHODS: This study involved lifelong residents aged 9- and 12-year-olds in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas in Malaysia (n = 1155). In the fluoridated area, children aged 12 years and 9 years were exposed to 0.7 and 0.5 ppm, respectively, at the times when maxillary central incisors developed. Standardized photographs of maxillary central incisors were blind scored for fluorosis using Dean's criteria. Dental caries was examined using ICDAS-II criteria.
RESULTS: The prevalence of fluorosis (Dean's score ≥ 2) among children in the fluoridated area (35.7%, 95% CI: 31.9%-39.6%) was significantly higher (P

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/etiology; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
Fluoride exposure from ingested toothpaste in 4-5-year-old Malaysian children

Siew Tan B, Razak IA

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2005 Oct;33(5):317-25.
PMID: 16128790

The aim of this study was to assess (by direct determination) the fluoride (F) exposure from ingested toothpaste among 4-5-year-old Malaysian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology; Fluorosis, Dental/prevention & control
The prevalence of caries and enamel defects in 229 Malaysian children 16 years after water fluoridation (a pilot study)

Majid ZA, Hussein NN, Bagramian RA

Singapore Dent J, 1996 Jul;21(1):11-5.
PMID: 10597176

Two hundred and twenty-nine children aged 12-15 years who were continuous residents of Penang island, in the north of Peninsular Malaysia were examined for caries and enamel defects. Caries prevalence was 82.2% with a DMFT score of 3.4 and DMFS score of 4.9; there were very few missing teeth and very little untreated caries in the population examined. Majority of DF (decayed/filled) lesions were pits and fissures with approximal and smooth surfaces relatively caries free. The prevalence of enamel defects was 76.4% with 19.1% of all teeth examined being affected. More posterior than anterior teeth were affected by enamel defects just as there were more maxillary than mandibular teeth affected by enamel defects. Diffuse patchy opacities were the most common defect diagnosed and this was found in 60.2% of the population examined. A bilateral distribution of diffuse patchy opacities was seen in 41.5% of the population examined. Tooth surfaces with enamel defects were no more susceptible to caries than defect-free surfaces.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/etiology; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology*
High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia

Ha Rahim Z, M Bakri M, Hm Z, Ia A, Na Z

Pak J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;30(2):404-8.
PMID: 24772152

In children, excessive ingestion of fluoride from different sources including bottled drinking water and flavoured beverages or soft drinks can lead to the development of dental fluorosis. In addition, the pH level of beverages is important. Low pH can cause dental erosion. In this study we explore the fluoride content and pH level of certain popular beverages available in Malaysian supermarkets and hawkers' stalls.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment: Would It direct Future Epidemiological Surveys?

Bhoopathi PH, Voruganti S, Suma NS, Samudrala T, Kamath BV, Jahagirdar A

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2018 May 01;19(5):546-553.
PMID: 29807965

AIM: To evaluate caries spectrum among 12- and 15-year-old Indian children using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epidemiological survey of the schoolchildren was carried out in a district in India. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. The caries prevalence of the surveyed population was obtained by using this CAST tool. Chi-square test was used to verify the association between dental fluorosis, socioeconomic status, and age and caries experience. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the caries experience between the two age groups.
RESULTS: A total of 2,610 children were examined. The majority of the schoolchildren (12 years: 74.2%, 15 years: 75.5%) were healthy concerning their caries experience and the prevalence of the other codes was minimal. The prevalence of dentin carious lesions and the percent of restorable teeth was greater among the 15-year-olds. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) of 12- and 15-year-old subjects was calculated to be 0.22 and 0.29 respectively.
CONCLUSION: The currently surveyed population showed a low caries prevalence and the use of the tool highlighted the caries spectrum in an impressive way.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A well-designed tool to assess the carious spectrum of an individual or a community, thus enabling the responsible stakeholders to plan an appropriate care that is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology
Fulltext Blending the appearance of all-ceramic crowns in fluo-rosis condition with direct chair-side technique

Siti Mariam Ab Ghani, Ahmad Syahir Ahmad Zu Saifudin, Muhammad Aliff Ikram Noor Zari, Teh Adilla Mustaza

Compendium of Oral Science, 2015;2(1):47-51.
MyJurnal

Dental fluorosis incidence had been reported to be affecting children widely, especially in water-fluoridated ar-ea. As these children grow into young adults, perceived aesthetic problems arise mainly due to their concern with generalized mottled and stained teeth appearance. Fixed prosthodontics treatment involving single anterior tooth in patients with generalized fluorosis condition had been found challenging due to aesthetic restorability to blend with fluorosis condition. Clinical considerations: A simplified procedural direct chair-side technique of mimicking fluorosis condition onto anterior all-ceramic crowns are discussed in this paper. The mimicked fluoro-sis is reversible and has the opportunity to be adjusted according to the patient’s fluorosis condition thus hinder-ing the need to redo the crown in the future. Conclusions: The appearance of anterior all-ceramic crowns with direct chair-side staining technique provided blended and harmonized well with the dental fluorosis condition in both patients thus, giving natural looking smile.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Fulltext A laboratory study of fluoride concentration in infant formulas marketed in Malaysia and estimation of daily intake

Mohd Desa, S. N. F., Muhamad, N. A., Mohd Nor, N. A., Abdul Razak, F., Abdul Manan, N. S., Abdul Manan, N. S., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(5):893-902.
MyJurnal

The window of maximum susceptibility for the development of dental fluorosis for anterior
teeth is during the first two to three years of life. The primary source of fluoride intake for
infants at this age is mainly from the diet including infant formula. Thus, the present work
aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in commercially available Malaysian infant
formulas that required reconstitution before consumption. A total of 29 infant formulas available in the Malaysian market were reconstituted with deionised water, fluoridated tap water,
and filtered tap water. The fluoride concentration of the infant formulas was analysed directly
using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The daily fluoride intake estimation from the infant
formulas was calculated using the median infant body weight and recommended volumes for
formula consumption from newborn to > 12 months of age. Results showed that the fluoride
concentration of the infant formulas when reconstituted with deionised water ranged between
0.009 to 0.197 mg/L that contributed to the estimated daily fluoride intake ranging from 0.005
to 0.100 mg (total intake per day) or 0.001 to 0.025 mg/kg (total intake per body weight/day).
The fluoride concentration in the selected infant formulas was low, but after reconstitution
with fluoridated tap water, the overall fluoride concentration in infant formulas sample significantly increased (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the estimated daily fluoride intake from infant
formulas alone did not exceed the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of fluoride
at 0.10 mg/kg/day.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Fulltext Fluoride Level In Dentifrices

Abdul Kadir, R., Latifah Abdol Latif

Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
MyJurnal

To date, fluorides has remained to be the best means of controlling dental caries. Fluoride is given either systematically via fluoridated water or topically through other supplements including toothpastes. In recent years increasing prevalence of enamel defects or fluorosis is observed in both populations receiving or not receiving water fluoridation. It is suspected that excessive ingestion of a "standard" 1000 to 1500 ppm fluoride from toothpastes might be a contributing factor to the presence of such defects. In Malaysia, reports of enamel defects occurring amongst 12 to 16 year-old schoolchildren ranged between 67 to 88 percent. Where water fluoridation is available, the amount of fluorides received from the home is between 0.3 to 0.5 ppm F. However, almost all toothpastes sold locally contains fluoride, the content of which is unknown to the consumers. This study reports on the analysis of fluoride levels carried out on 20 toothpaste samples sold locally. Results showed that fluoride levels in all 20 samples ranged between 20 to 1970 ppm F. Only two of the 20 samples analyzed, however, indicated having a level anywhere near the "standard" level. In addition, only two type~ of children's toothpaste with a fluoride concentration of 20 and 450 ppm F were commonly available as compared to adult toothpastes in all the samples studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental
Fulltext The effect of fluorosis on human teeth under light microscopy: A cross-sectional study

Ramesh M, Narasimhan M, Krishnan R, Aruna RM, Kuruvilla S

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2017 Sep-Dec;21(3):345-350.
PMID: 29391706 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_247_16

Background: Fluoride is needed for the normal development of bone and teeth; in high levels, it affects developing teeth and bone. Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by ingestion of excess fluoride mainly through drinking water.

Aim: The present study aims to observe and understand the histological changes of fluorosed teeth under light microscope (LM).

Materials and Methods: Teeth which were indicated for extractions for orthodontic or periodontal problems were selected. Thirty extracted teeth were selected with varying degrees of DF based on modified Dean's fluorosis index. Ground sections of these teeth were prepared and the sections were studied under binocular LM. Photomicrographs were taken under high power objective using 15 megapixels Nikon camera.

Results and Conclusion: Qualitative histologic changes in different grades of fluorosed teeth were evaluated in enamel, dentin, cementum and between their junctions. Fluoride interacts with enamel in both mineral phases and organic macromolecules by strong ionic and hydrogen bonds resulting in incomplete crystal growth at prism peripheries. This presents as hypomineralization of enamel and dentin, increased interglobular dentin, increased secondary curvatures and changes in cementum such as diffuse cementodentinal junction and increased thickness of Tomes' granular layer. Changes in the structure of the teeth with Dean's index below 2 and teeth with Dean's index of 2 and above were compared using Chi-square test. P value was found to be highly significant being 0.00047. Many of the features of dental fluorosis seen in the present study under light microscope are comparable to those results studied under specialized microscopes.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluorosis, Dental

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links