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  1. The Smart Programmable CRISPR Technology: A Next Generation Genome Editing Tool for Investigators
    Chakraborty C, Teoh SL, Das S
    Curr Drug Targets, 2017;18(14):1653-1663.
    PMID: 27231109 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160527142321
    BACKGROUND: The present era is fast experiencing rapid innovation in the genome-editing technology. CRISPR Cas9-mediated targeted genetic manipulation is an easy, cost-effective and scalable method. As a result, it can be used for a broad range of targeted genome engineering.

    OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present review is to highlight the structural signature, classification, its mechanism and application from basic science to medicine and future challenges for this genome editing tool kit.

    RESULTS: The present review provides a brief description of the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. We discuss the paradigms shift for this next generation genome editing technology, CRISPR. The CRISPR structural significance, classification and its different applications are also being discussed. We portray the future challenges for this extraordinary genome in vivo editing tool. We also highlight the role of CRISPR genome editing in curing many diseases.

    CONCLUSION: Scientists and researchers are constantly looking one genome editing tool that is competent, simple and low-cost assembly of nucleases. It can target any particular site without any off-target mutations in the genome. The CRISPR-Cas9 has all of the above characteristics. The genome engineering technology may be a strong and inspiring technology meant for the next generation of drug development.

    Matched MeSH terms: CRISPR-Associated Proteins/genetics*
  2. Fulltext The CRISPR Growth Spurt: from Bench to Clinic on Versatile Small RNAs
    Bayat H, Omidi M, Rajabibazl M, Sabri S, Rahimpour A
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017 Feb 28;27(2):207-218.
    PMID: 27840399 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1607.07005
    Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in association with CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is an adaptive immune system, playing a pivotal role in the defense of bacteria and archaea. Ease of handling and cost effectiveness make the CRISPR-Cas system an ideal programmable nuclease tool. Recent advances in understanding the CRISPR-Cas system have tremendously improved its efficiency. For instance, it is possible to recapitulate the chronicle CRISPR-Cas from its infancy and inaugurate a developed version by generating novel variants of Cas proteins, subduing off-target effects, and optimizing of innovative strategies. In summary, the CRISPR-Cas system could be employed in a number of applications, including providing model systems, rectification of detrimental mutations, and antiviral therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: CRISPR-Associated Proteins
  3. Fulltext Electrosprayed Alginate Nanoparticles as CRISPR Plasmid DNA Delivery Carrier: Preparation, Optimization, and Characterization
    Alallam B, Altahhan S, Taher M, Mohd Nasir MH, Doolaanea AA
    Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2020 Jul 22;13(8).
    PMID: 32707857 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080158
    Therapeutic gene editing is becoming more feasible with the emergence of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system. However, the successful implementation of CRISPR/Cas9-based therapeutics requires a safe and efficient in vivo delivery of the CRISPR components, which remains challenging. This study presents successful preparation, optimization, and characterization of alginate nanoparticles (ALG NPs), loaded with two CRISPR plasmids, using electrospray technique. The aim of this delivery system is to edit a target gene in another plasmid (green fluorescent protein (GFP)). The effect of formulation and process variables were evaluated. CRISPR ALG NPs showed mean size and zeta potential of 228 nm and -4.42 mV, respectively. Over 99.0% encapsulation efficiency was achieved while preserving payload integrity. The presence of CRISPR plasmids in the ALG NPs was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The tests revealed that the nanoparticles were cytocompatible and successfully introduced the Cas9 transgene in HepG2 cells. Nanoparticles-transfected HepG2 was able to edit its target plasmid by introducing double-strand break (DSB) in GFP gene, indicating the bioactivity of CRISPR plasmids encapsulated in alginate nanoparticles. This suggests that this method is suitable for biomedical application in vitro or ex vivo. Future investigation of theses nanoparticles might result in nanocarrier suitable for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system.
    Matched MeSH terms: CRISPR-Associated Proteins
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