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Fulltext Correction: Che Idris et al. Effect of Consumption Heated Oils with or without Dietary Cholesterol on the Development of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1527

Che Idris CA, Sundram K, Abdull Razis AF

Nutrients, 2018 Nov 30;10(12).
PMID: 30513649 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121839

The authors wish to make the following change to their paper (Che Idris et al. [...].

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness
Fulltext Commercial health insurance plans in Malaysia: a general analysis

Phua KL

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(2):43-46.
MyJurnal

Healthcare costs are rising in Malaysia for various reasons. Thus, some people have responded by purchasing private health insurance to protect against catastrophic illnesses and huge medical bills. In this paper, a comparative analysis of private health insurance plans of dyferent types is done to determine Q' they do provide adequate coverage and adequate protection against heavy financial loss. The results indicate that all of the eight private health insurance plans in this study do not provide adequate coverage and adequate financial protection because of various restrictive terms and conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness
Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia

van Doorslaer E, O'Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somanathan A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC, et al.

Health Econ, 2007 Nov;16(11):1159-84.
PMID: 17311356

Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are the principal means of financing health care throughout much of Asia. We estimate the magnitude and distribution of OOP payments for health care in fourteen countries and territories accounting for 81% of the Asian population. We focus on payments that are catastrophic, in the sense of severely disrupting household living standards, and approximate such payments by those absorbing a large fraction of household resources. Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal and Vietnam rely most heavily on OOP financing and have the highest incidence of catastrophic payments. Sri Lanka, Thailand and Malaysia stand out as low to middle income countries that have constrained both the OOP share of health financing and the catastrophic impact of direct payments. In most low/middle-income countries, the better-off are more likely to spend a large fraction of total household resources on health care. This may reflect the inability of the poorest of the poor to divert resources from other basic needs and possibly the protection of the poor from user charges offered in some countries. But in China, Kyrgyz and Vietnam, where there are no exemptions of the poor from charges, they are as, or even more, likely to incur catastrophic payments.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness/economics*
Fulltext Catastrophic health expenditure on acute coronary events in Asia: a prospective study

Jan S, Lee SW, Sawhney JP, Ong TK, Chin CT, Kim HS, et al.

Bull World Health Organ, 2016 Mar 1;94(3):193-200.
PMID: 26966330 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.15.158303

To estimate out-of-pocket costs and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in people admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndromes in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness
Fulltext Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) among Cancer Population in a Middle Income Country with Universal Healthcare Financing

Wan Puteh SE, Abdullah YR, Aizuddin AN

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2023 Jun 01;24(6):1897-1904.
PMID: 37378917 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.6.1897

BACKGROUND: The study investigated healthcare expenditure from the perspective of cancer patients, to determine the level of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) and its associated factors.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three Malaysian public hospitals namely Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz and the National Cancer Institute using a multi-level sampling technique to recruit 630 respondents from February 2020 to February 2021. CHE was defined as incurring a monthly health expenditure of more than 10% of the total monthly household expenditure. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the relevant data.
RESULTS: The CHE level was 54.4%. CHE was higher among patients of Indian ethnicity (P = 0.015), lower level education (P = 0.001), those unemployed (P < 0.001), lower income (P < 0.001), those in poverty (P < 0.001), those staying far from the hospital (P < 0.001), living in rural areas (P = 0.003), small household size (P = 0.029), moderate cancer duration (P = 0.030), received radiotherapy treatment (P < 0.001), had very frequent treatment (P < 0.001), and without a Guarantee Letter (GL) (P < 0.001). The regression analysis identified significant predictors of CHE as lower income aOR 18.63 (CI 5.71-60.78), middle income aOR 4.67 (CI 1.52-14.41), poverty income aOR 4.66 (CI 2.60-8.33), staying far from hospital aOR 2.62 (CI 1.58-4.34), chemotherapy aOR 3.70 (CI 2.01-6.82), radiotherapy aOR 2.99 (CI 1.37-6.57), combination chemo-radiotherapy aOR 4.99 (CI 1.48-16.87), health insurance aOR 3.99 (CI 2.31-6.90), without GL aOR 3.38 (CI 2.06-5.40), and without health financial aids aOR 2.94 (CI 1.24-6.96).
CONCLUSIONS: CHE is related to various sociodemographic, economic, disease, treatment and presence of health insurance, GL and health financial aids variables in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness
Fulltext Effect of socioeconomic status and healthcare provider on post-transplantation care in Malaysia: A multi-centre survey of kidney transplant recipients

Gan Kim Soon P, Rampal S, Lim SK, Su TT

PLoS One, 2023;18(4):e0284607.
PMID: 37075033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284607

INTRODUCTION: As the rate of end-stage kidney disease rises, there is an urgent need to consider the catastrophic health expenditure of post-transplantation care. Even a small amount of out-of-pocket payment for healthcare can negatively affect households' financial security. This study aims to determine the association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure in post-transplantation care.
METHOD: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey was conducted in person among 409 kidney transplant recipients in six public hospitals in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Catastrophic health expenditure is considered at 10% out-of-pocket payment from household income used for healthcare expenditure. The association of socioeconomic status with catastrophic health expenditure is determined via multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: 93 kidney transplant recipients (23.6%) incurred catastrophic health expenditures. Kidney transplant recipients in the Middle 40% (RM 4360 to RM 9619 or USD 1085.39 -USD 2394.57) and Bottom 40% (RM 9619 or > USD 2394.57) income group. Kidney transplant recipients in the Bottom 40% and Middle 40% income groups were more susceptible to catastrophic health expenditure at 2.8 times and 3.1 times compared to higher-income groups, even under the care of the Ministry of Health.
CONCLUSION: Universal health coverage in Malaysia cannot address the burden of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure on low-income Kidney transplant recipients for long-term post-transplantation care. Policymakers must reexamine the healthcare system to protect vulnerable households from catastrophic health expenditures.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness
Catastrophic Health Expenditure Among Colorectal Cancer Patients and Families: A Case of Malaysia

Azzani M, Yahya A, Roslani AC, Su TT

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2017 Sep;29(6):485-494.
PMID: 29019257 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517732224

This study aimed to estimate the cost of colorectal cancer (CRC) management and to explore the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among CRC patients and their families arising from the costs of CRC management. Data were collected prospectively from 138 CRC patients. Patients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire at the time of the diagnosis, then at 6 months and 12 months following diagnosis. Simple descriptive methods and multivariate binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. The mean cost of managing CRC was RM8306.9 (US$2595.9), and 47.8% of patients' families experienced CHE. The main determinants of CHE were the economic status of the family and the likelihood of the patient undergoing surgery. The results of this study strongly suggest that stakeholders and policy makers should provide individuals with financial protection against the consequences of cancer, a costly illness that often requires prolonged treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Catastrophic Illness/economics*