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Fulltext Dependence of the Optical Constant Parameters of p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline and Its Composites on Dispersion Solvents

Usman F, Dennis JO, Meriaudeau F, Ahmed AY, Seong KC, Fen YW, et al.

Molecules, 2020 Sep 25;25(19).
PMID: 32992942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194414

The optical constants of Para-Toluene sulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (PANI), PANIchitosan composites, PANI-reduced graphene-oxide composites and a ternary composite comprising of PANI, chitosan and reduced graphene-oxide dispersed in diluted p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) solution and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent have been evaluated and compared. The optical constant values were extracted from the absorbance spectra of thin layers of the respective samples. The potential utilization of the materials as the active sensing materials of surface plasmon resonance biosensors has also been assessed in terms of the estimated value of the penetration depth through a dielectric medium. The results show a reasonable dependence of the optical constant parameters on the solvent type. Higher real part refractive index (n) and real part complex dielectric permittivity (ε') values were observed for the samples prepared using PTSA solution, while higher optical conductivity values were observed for the NMP-based samples due to their relatively higher imaginary part refractive index (k) and imaginary part complex dielectric permittivity (ε″) values. In addition, NMP-based samples show improvement in terms of the penetration depth through a dielectric medium by around 9.5, 1.6, 4.4 and 2.9 times compared to PTSA-based samples for the PANI, PANI-chitosan, PANI-RGO and the ternary composites, respectively. Based on these, it is concluded that preparation of these materials using different dispersion solvents could produce materials of different optical properties. Thus, the variation of the dispersion solvent will allow the flexible utilization of the PANI and the composites for diverse applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds/chemistry*
High-performance integrated field-effect transistor-based sensors

Adzhri R, Md Arshad MK, Gopinath SC, Ruslinda AR, Fathil MF, Ayub RM, et al.

Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Apr 21;917:1-18.
PMID: 27026595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.042

Field-effect transistors (FETs) have succeeded in modern electronics in an era of computers and hand-held applications. Currently, considerable attention has been paid to direct electrical measurements, which work by monitoring changes in intrinsic electrical properties. Further, FET-based sensing systems drastically reduce cost, are compatible with CMOS technology, and ease down-stream applications. Current technologies for sensing applications rely on time-consuming strategies and processes and can only be performed under recommended conditions. To overcome these obstacles, an overview is presented here in which we specifically focus on high-performance FET-based sensor integration with nano-sized materials, which requires understanding the interaction of surface materials with the surrounding environment. Therefore, we present strategies, material depositions, device structures and other characteristics involved in FET-based devices. Special attention was given to silicon and polyaniline nanowires and graphene, which have attracted much interest due to their remarkable properties in sensing applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Kesan akut kafein ke atas penggunaan oksigen dan tanggapan tahap lesu semasa senaman intensiti sederhana dalam kalangan dewasa muda perempuan yang sedentari

Lee, Szu Ming, Poh, Bee Koon, Mohd Ismail Noor, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(1):33-40.
MyJurnal

Kafein mempunyai kesan ergogenik terhadap golongan yang terlatih; walaubagaimanapun, kajian kesan fisiologi kafein terhadap golongan sedentari adalah amat terhad. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan kafein ke atas penggunaan oksigen dan tanggapan tahap lesu semasa senaman intensiti sederhana dalam kalangan dewasa muda perempuan yang sedentari. Subjek terdiri daripada 16 orang mahasiswi yang berumur antara 22 hingga 24 tahun. Kriteria penerimaan adalah tahap aktiviti fizikal yang rendah dan pengambilan kafein adalah kurang daripada 50 mg sehari, disaring dengan menggunakan Soal Selidik Aktiviti Fizikal Antarabangsa (versi pendek) dan soal selidik pengambilan kafein. Reka bentuk kajian eksperimental ini adalah buta tunggal, pindah silang, kawalan plasebo dengan semua subjek menjadi kawalannya tersendiri. Subjek dikehendaki malaporkan diri ke makmal untuk menjalankan dua sesi eksperimen selepas masing-masing mengambil kapsul plasebo atau kafein dengan selang masa 3 hari antara dua sesi eksperimen tersebut. Enam puluh minit selepas mengambil kapsul plasebo (Glucolin, glukosa) atau 100 mg kafein (Pro-plus, United Kingdom), subjek dikehendaki berlari di atas treadmill selama 30 minit pada kuasa kerja yang bersamaan 60% daripada anggaran maksimum kadar denyutan jantung. Penggunaan oksigen, kadar denyutan jantung dan tanggapan tahap lesu direkod pada minit ke-20, ke-25 dan ke-30, manakala tekanan darah direkod serta-merta selepas subjek menghabiskan larian. Perbezaan direkod selepas kesemua subjek menyempurnakan kedua-dua eksperimen plasebo dan kafein. Min peratus lemak tubuh subjek adalah 28.4 ± 5.4. Ujian t bersandar menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan antara trial plasebo dengan trial kafein ke atas penggunaan oksigen (13.99 ± 2.47 vs 14.49 ± 1.73, p = 0.440), tanggapan tahap lesu (12.3 ± 2.5 vs 12.3 ± 2.1, p = 1.000), tekanan darah sistolik (113 ± 10 vs 117 ± 11, p = 0.129), tekanan diastolik (67 ± 8 vs 69 ± 10, p = 0.408) dan kadar denyutan jantung (127.3 ± 11.0 vs 127.1 ± 11.6, p = 0.912). Terdapat korelasi negatif tinggi yang signifikan antara peratusan lemak tubuh dengan pengambilan oksigen (r = –0.568, p < 0.05) serta korelasi positif tinggi yang signifikan antara peratusan lemak tubuh dengan tanggapan tahap lesu (r = 0.515, p < 0.05). Hasil kajian tidak meningkatkan kesan yang signifikan mungkin disebabkan oleh kesan saiz (effect size) kajian ini yang kecil (d = 0.24). Justeru itu, kajian masa depan yang melibatkan lebih ramai subjek harus dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kafein semasa senaman dalam kalangan populasi sedentari.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Corrosion inhibition of Azomethines containing Hydroxyl group at Ortho and Para positions on Mild steel

Syaidah Athirah Dzolin, Yusairie Mohd, Hadariah Bahron, Nurul Huda Abdul Halim

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):317-324.
MyJurnal

The syntheses of salicylideneaniline (L1a) and 4-hydroxybenzalaniline (L1b) was carried out via condensation reaction giving yields of 80.74% and 81.65% respectively. The compounds were characterised by physical and spectroscopic techniques, namely melting point, micro elemental analysis (C, H and N), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The characteristic n(C=N) peaks were observed at 1615 cm-1 and 1575 cm-1 respectively. Chronoamperometry (CA) was employed to electrodeposit both compounds on mild steel at 0.1 M inhibitor concentration in 0.3 M NaOH at three different potentials, +0.8 V, +1.05 V and +1.7 V. Formation of yellow imine films was observed on the mild steel. The corrosion behaviour of coated and uncoated mild steel was studied using Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) in 0.5 M NaCl. Coated mild steel showed better corrosion resistance and with the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.34%, L1a provides a better protection against corrosion for mild steel than L1b.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Grafting Behavior for the Resonating Variants of Ethynylaniline on Hydrogenated Silicon (100) Surfaces under Thermal Hydrosilylation

Tung J, Tew LS, Coluccini C, Lin YD, Khung YL

Chemistry, 2018 Jun 22.
PMID: 29932257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802003

This work reports the outcome of thermal grafting of 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, and 4-ethynylaniline on a hydrogenated Si(100) surface. Using high-resolution XPS and AFM, it was found that the grafting of these compounds could be attributed to resonating structures that arise from the position of an electron-donating NH2 group and an electron-withdrawing acetylene group. For the ortho- and para-positioned acetylene group, surface reactions were observed to proceed predominantly via the acetylene to form a Si-C bond, whereas the meta-positioned acetylene group was found to have undergone nucleophilic grafting through the NH2 group onto the silicon surface to form a Si-N bond. Furthermore, a tert-butoxycarbonyl-protected derivative for a meta-positioned ethynylaniline was synthesized to exclusively force the reaction to react with the acetylene group and subsequent analysis confirmed that unprotected 3-ethynylaniline had indeed reacted through the nucleophilic NH2 group as hypothesized. Thus, for the first time, the interplay between resonance structures and their effects on silicon surface modifications were systematically catalogued.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyaniline composite based 36° YX LiTaO3 surface acoustic wave H2 gas sensor

Amir Sidek, Rashidah Arsat, He X, Kalantar-zadeh K, Wlodarski W

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:213-217.

Poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyaniline based surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors were fabricated and characterized and their performances towards hydrogen gas were investigated. The PVP/polyaniline fibers composite were prepared by electrospinning of the composite aqueous solution deposited directly onto the active area of SAW transducers. Via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology of the deposited nanostructure material was observed. From the dynamic response, frequency shifts of 6.243 kHz (1% H2) and 8.051 kHz (1% H2) were recorded for the sensors deposited with PVP/ES and PVP/EB, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
New hybridization approach of titanium organometallic: PANi thin films as room temperature gas sensors

Izura Izzuddin, Mohammad Hafizuddin Jumali, Muhammad Yahaya, Muhamad Mat Salleh

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1017-1021.

The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of organometallic titanium-PANi hybrid materials as gas sensor at room temperature. To form the hybrid materials, commercially available polyaniline (PANi) powder were directly added into organometallic titanium sols which was synthesized using the sol gel method. The composite films were prepared via spin coating technique followed by electrode deposition for sensors fabrication. Five different organometallic titanium:PANi ratios namely 1 wt% to 5 wt% of PANi were prepared for this experiment. For gas sensing test, all samples were exposed to ethanol vapour. The sensing mode is based on the variation in the electrical conductivity due to the
interaction between the gas molecules and the film. It was observed that the composite sensors required appropriate ratio to exhibit optimum sensing properties. This finding proved that the hybridization process is successful and offered much cheaper and easier method for fabrication of room temperature gas sensor.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
3D-SSP analysis for amyloid brain PET imaging using 18F-florbetapir in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Thientunyakit T, Sethanandha C, Muangpaisan W, Minoshima S

Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):493-501.
PMID: 34305110

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to use 3D-SSP and a population-comparable normal database to investigate the associations between amyloid deposition detected by 18Fflorbetapir PET and neurocognitive performance of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18F-florbetapir PET and 18F-FDG PET imaging was prospectively performed on 78 subjects (20 cognitively healthy controls [HC], 27 MCI patients, and 31 AD patients) within 6 weeks of their neurocognitive assessments. The PET datasets from 19 HCs were used to create an NBD. The 3D-SSP analysis and Z-score mapping of 18F-florbetapir accumulations in the brain were further staged based on their accumulation patterns. Global and regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) of 18Fflorbetapir were calculated using the cerebellar cortex as the normalised region. The relationships between the 18Fflorbetapir PET results, the clinical diagnoses and Thai Mini- Mental State Examination (TMSE) scores were determined.
RESULTS: There was high agreement between the visual assessment results and the semiquantitative analysis (κ = 0.793 and 0.845). The stages of amyloid deposition were consistent with neurocognitive status across participants. Significantly higher SUVRs were found in AD than MCI and HC. Visual assessment and stage were not significantly correlated with TMSE scores. A significant negative correlation between the SUVRs and TMSE scores was partially demonstrated in MCI and AD, but not HC.
CONCLUSIONS: 3D-SSP analysis of 18F-florbetapir PET provides special patterns and intensity of beta amyloid accumulation semi-quantitatively that are associated with the diagnosis and neurocognitive performances in MCI and AD patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Graphene Composite Nanofiber and Its Application as an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mohamad FS, Mat Zaid MH, Abdullah J, Zawawi RM, Lim HN, Sulaiman Y, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2017 Dec 02;17(12).
PMID: 29207463 DOI: 10.3390/s17122789

This article describes chemically modified polyaniline and graphene (PANI/GP) composite nanofibers prepared by self-assembly process using oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer and graphene in the presence of a solution containing poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEA). Characterization of the composite nanofibers was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed the size of the PANI nanofibers ranged from 90 to 360 nm in diameter and was greatly influenced by the proportion of PMVEA and graphene. The composite nanofibers with an immobilized DNA probe were used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using an electrochemical technique. A photochemical indicator, methylene blue (MB) was used to monitor the hybridization of target DNA by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. The detection range of DNA biosensor was obtained from of 10-6-10-9 M with the detection limit of 7.853 × 10-7 M under optimum conditions. The results show that the composite nanofibers have a great potential in a range of applications for DNA sensors.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products to Target the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro Using Molecular Screening and Simulation Approaches

Sayaf AM, Ahmad H, Aslam MA, Ghani SA, Bano S, Yousafi Q, et al.

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2023 Nov;195(11):6959-6978.
PMID: 36961512 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04466-1

Because of the essential role of PLpro in the regulation of replication and dysregulation of the host immune sensing, it is considered a therapeutic target for novel drug development. To reduce the risk of immune evasion and vaccine effectiveness, small molecular therapeutics are the best complementary approach. Hence, we used a structure-based drug-designing approach to identify potential small molecular inhibitors for PLpro of SARS-CoV-2. Initial scoring and re-scoring of the best hits revealed that three compounds NPC320891 (2,2-Dihydroxyindene-1,3-Dione), NPC474594 (Isonarciclasine), and NPC474595 (7-Deoxyisonarciclasine) exhibit higher docking scores than the control GRL0617. Investigation of the binding modes revealed that alongside the essential contacts, i.e., Asp164, Glu167, Tyr264, and Gln269, these molecules also target Lys157 and Tyr268 residues in the active site. Moreover, molecular simulation demonstrated that the reported top hits also possess stable dynamics and structural packing. Furthermore, the residues' flexibility revealed that all the complexes demonstrated higher flexibility in the regions 120-140, 160-180, and 205-215. The 120-140 and 160-180 lie in the finger region of PLpro, which may open/close during the simulation to cover the active site and push the ligand inside. In addition, the total binding free energy was reported to be - 32.65 ± 0.17 kcal/mol for the GRL0617-PLpro, for the NPC320891-PLpro complex, the TBE was - 35.58 ± 0.14 kcal/mol, for the NPC474594-PLpro, the TBE was - 43.72 ± 0.22 kcal/mol, while for NPC474595-PLpro complex, the TBE was calculated to be - 41.61 ± 0.20 kcal/mol, respectively. Clustering of the protein's motion and FEL further revealed that in NPC474594 and NPC474595 complexes, the drug was seen to have moved inside the binding cavity along with the loop in the palm region harboring the catalytic triad, thus justifying the higher binding of these two molecules particularly. In conclusion, the overall results reflect favorable binding of the identified hits strongly than the control drug, thus demanding in vitro and in vivo validation for clinical purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext In Silico Elucidation of Potent Inhibitors and Rational Drug Design against SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease

Sanachai K, Mahalapbutr P, Sanghiran Lee V, Rungrotmongkol T, Hannongbua S

J Phys Chem B, 2021 Dec 23;125(50):13644-13656.
PMID: 34904832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07060

Global public health has been a critical problem by the sudden increase of the COVID-19 outbreak. The papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key promising target for antiviral drug development since it plays a pivotal role in viral replication and innate immunity. Here, we employed the all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations based on MM-PB(GB)SA and SIE methods to elucidate and compare the binding behaviors of five inhibitors derived from peptidomimetic inhibitors (VIR250 and VIR251) and naphthalene-based inhibitors (GRL-0617, compound 3, and compound Y96) against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. The obtained results revealed that all inhibitors interacting within the PLpro active site are mostly driven by vdW interactions, and the hydrogen bond formation in residues G163 and G271 with peptidomimetics and the Q269 residue with naphthalene-based inhibitors was essential for stabilizing the protein-ligand complexes. Among the five studied inhibitors, VIR250 exhibited the most binding efficiency with SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, and thus, it was chosen for the rational drug design. Based on the computationally designed ligand-protein complexes, the replacement of aromatic rings including heteroatoms (e.g., thiazolopyridine) at the P2 and P4 sites could help to improve the inhibitor-binding efficiency. Furthermore, the hydrophobic interactions with residues at P1-P3 sites can be increased by enlarging the nonpolar moieties (e.g., ethene) at the N-terminal of VIR250. We expect that the structural data obtained will contribute to the development of new PLpro inhibitors with more inhibitory potency for COVID-19.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Oxidative Stability of Refined Red Palm Olein under two Malaysian Storage Conditions

Ping BTY, Idris CAC, Maurad ZA

J Oleo Sci, 2020 Oct 07;69(10):1209-1218.
PMID: 32908090 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20045

Refined red palm olein (RPOo) is the first cooking oil that is a pro-Vitamin A source due to its high carotenoid concentration. The quality specifications from the manufacturers are usually applied to freshly produced oil. However, there is currently no information regarding the oxidative stability and phytonutrient content (Vitamin E and Carotene) for RPOo after prolonged storage time. The objective then is to study the effect of two local storage conditions and storage period(s) on the oxidative stability of RPOo. In this study, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AnV), induction period (IP), free fatty acid (FFA), and Vitamin E content were determined periodically for twelve months under local storage conditions (supermarket and kitchen). Carotene content, however, was determined only at initial and at the 12th month of storage time periods. It was found that there was an overall progressive but slow increase in PV and p-AnV. For PV, the storage effects were inconsistent. However, the effects were significant (p < 0.01) on the AnV throughout storage. At the end of the 12-months, for both storage conditions, the PV < 10 meq O2 g-1, the AnV < 10, the FFA < 0.2 % (palmitic acid), with a 30% drop in the total Vitamin E, and carotenoids content showed no significant drop (p < 0.01). The PV and AnV were also within Codex Alimentarius' recommended limits. Finally, the oxidative parameters showed that RPOo remains stable after year storage under the two simulated local storage conditions (the aforementioned supermarket and kitchen).

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds/analysis
Evaluation of pendimethalin binding to human serum albumin: Insights from spectroscopic and molecular modeling approach

Lee WQ, Affandi IS, Feroz SR, Mohamad SB, Tayyab S

J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2017 Feb;31(2).
PMID: 27636401 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21839

Interaction of pendimethalin (PM) herbicide with the major transporter in human circulation, human serum albumin (HSA), was studied using fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and molecular modeling methods. The attenuation of the fluorescence intensity of HSA in the presence of PM revealed formation of the PM-HSA complex. Analysis of the fluorescence quenching data showed moderately strong binding affinity between PM and HSA. Both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding were suggested to stabilize the PM-HSA complex, based on thermodynamic data. Binding of PM to HSA induced perturbation in the microenvironment around the aromatic fluorophores as well as secondary and tertiary structural changes in the protein. Complexation of PM with HSA led to an increase in its thermal stability. Both site marker displacement and molecular modeling results suggested site I, located in subdomain IIA as the preferred binding site of PM on HSA.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds/metabolism*
Fulltext A Surfactant Directed Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyaniline Composite with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties

Abdi MM, Md Tahir P, Liyana R, Javahershenas R

Molecules, 2018 Sep 26;23(10).
PMID: 30261640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102470

In this study a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was used as a soft template for in situ chemical polymerization of aniline on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The morphology of the wire-like and porous nanostructure of the resulting composite was highly dependent on the MCC and CTAB concentrations. The effect of the MCC and CTAB concentrations on the electrochemical and morphological properties of the polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposite was studied. Cyclic voltammograms of modified PAni/MCC/CTAB electrode displayed a high current response and the effect of scan rate on the current response confirmed a diffusion controlled process on the surface of the electrode that makes it suitable for sensor applications. The overlapping characteristic peaks of pure PAni and MCC caused peak broadening at 3263 cm-1 in the IR spectra of PAni/MCC/CTAB nanocomposite that revealed the interaction between NH of PAni and OH group of MCC via electrostatic interactions. The addition of MCC to PAni through chemical polymerization decreased the thermal stability of composite compared to pure PAni. Lower crystallinity was observed in the XRD diffractogram, with 2 theta values of 22.8, 16.5, and 34.6 for PAni/MCC, confirming the formation of PAni on the MCC surface.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds/chemistry*
Chromographic Analysis and Cytotoxic Effects of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite Reaction Mixtures

Nocca G, Ahmed HMA, Martorana GE, Callà C, Gambarini G, Rengo S, et al.

J Endod, 2017 Sep;43(9):1545-1552.
PMID: 28734651 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.025

INTRODUCTION: The literature reveals controversies regarding the formation of para-chloroaniline (PCA) when chlorhexidine (CHX) is mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). This study aimed to investigate the stability of PCA in the presence of NaOCl and to examine the in vitro cytotoxic effects of CHX/NaOCl reaction mixtures.
METHODS: Different volumes of NaOCl were added to CHX (mix 1) or PCA (mix 2). Upon centrifugation, the supernatant and precipitate fractions collected from samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The cytotoxic effects of both fractions were examined on human periodontal ligament and 3T3 fibroblast cell lines.
RESULTS: High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed no PCA signal when NaOCl was mixed with CHX (mix 1). In mix 2, the intensity of PCA was decreased when NaOCl was added to PCA, and chromatographic signals, similar to that of CHX/NaOCl, were also observed. The mortality of precipitates exerted on both cell lines was lower compared with that of supernatants.
CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy in the data from the literature could be caused by the instability of the PCA in the presence of NaOCl. The CHX/NaOCl reaction mixture exhibits a wide range of cytotoxic effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds/toxicity*
Stability of Silica- and Enzyme-Treated Palm Oil Under Deep Frying Conditions

Karim NA, Noor AM, Lee YY, Lai OM

J Food Sci, 2015 Dec;80(12):C2678-85.
PMID: 26523850 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13119

The oxidative and thermal stability of low diglycerides palm oil produced via silica treatment (sPO) and enzymatic treatment (ePO) compared with standard quality palm oil (SQ) and premium quality palm oil (PQ) was investigated. Both of the oils displayed better oxidative stability compared with SQ as well as significantly higher (P < 0.05) thermal resistance and oxidative strength than SQ and PQ due to lower amounts of partial glycerides. Although the initial induction periods (IPs) of sPO and ePO were significantly lower compared with SQ and PQ, both the oils showed slower drops in their IP values. The darkening effect after frying was significantly (P < 0.05) slower in sPO compared with SQ, PQ, and ePO. Besides, there is no difference p > 0.05 in the rate of FFA formation between sPO and PQ. The anisidine value and peroxide values were lowest in sPO, followed by ePO, PQ, and SQ.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Embryonic toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1854)

Ibrahim MA, Zulkifli SZ, Azmai MNA, Mohamat-Yusuff F, Ismail A

Toxicol Rep, 2020;7:1039-1045.
PMID: 32913717 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.011

Early-life exposure to toxic chemicals causes irreversible morphological and physiological abnormalities that may last for a lifetime. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity effect of 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) embryos. Healthy embryos were exposed to various 3,4-DCA concentrations for acute toxicity (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L-1) and sublethal toxicity (0.10, 0.50, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg.L-1) for 96 h and 20 days respectively. Acute toxicity test revealed that the median lethal concentration (96h-LC50) was 32.87 mg.L-1 (95 % CI = 27.90-38.74, R2 = 0.95). Sublethal exposure revealed that 1.25 mg.L-1 at 3 days post-exposure (3 dpe) has a significant lower heartrate (120 ± 12.3 beats/min., p

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Fulltext Accelerated nucleophilic substitution reactions of dansyl chloride with aniline under ambient conditions via dual-tip reactive paper spray

Sarih NM, Romero-Perez D, Bastani B, Rauytanapanit M, Boisdon C, Praneenararat T, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 12 09;10(1):21504.
PMID: 33299034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78133-4

Paper spray ionization (PSI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging tool for ambient reaction monitoring via microdroplet reaction acceleration. PSI-MS was used to accelerate and monitor the time course of the reaction of dansyl chloride with aniline, in acetonitrile, to produce dansyl aniline. Three distinct PSI arrangements were explored in this study representing alternative approaches for sample loading and interaction; conventional single tip as well as two novel setups, a dual-tip and a co-axial arrangement were designed so as to limit any on-paper interaction between reagents. The effect on product abundance was investigated using these different paper configurations as it relates to the time course and distance of microdroplet travel. It was observed that product yield increases at a given distance and then decreases thereafter for all PSI configurations. The fluorescent property of the product (dansyl aniline) was used to visually inspect the reaction progress on the paper substrate during the spraying process. Amongst the variety of sample loading methods the novel dual-tip arrangement showed an increased product yield and microdroplet density, whilst avoiding any on-paper interaction between the reagents.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Influence of PANI Additions on methanol sensing properties of ZnO thin films

Mohammad Hafizuddin Jumali, Norhashimah Ramli, Izura Izzuddin, Muhammad Yahaya, Muhamad Mat Salleh

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.

The influence of PANI additions on methanol sensing properties of ZnO thin films at room temperature had been investigated. Commercial polyaniline powder (PANI) was mixed into 3 mL ZnO solution in five different weight percentages namely 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00 and 6.25% to obtain ZnO/PANI composite solutions. These solutions were spin coated onto glass substrate to form thin films. Microstructural studies by FESEM indicated that ZnO/PANI films showed porous structures with nanosize grains. The thickness of the film increased from 55 to 256 nm, proportionate to increment of PANI. The presence of 2 adsorption peaks at ~310 nm and ~610 nm in UV-Vis spectrum proved that addition of PANI has modified the adsorption peak of ZnO film. Methanol vapour detection showed that addition of PANI into ZnO dramatically improved the sensing properties of the sensor. The sensors also exhibited good repeatability and reversibility. Sensor with the amount of PANI of 3.75 wt% exhibited the highest sensitivity with response and recovery time was about 10 and 80 s, respectively. The possible sensing mechanism of the sensor was also discussed in this article.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds
Sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide pair: synthesis, characterization, and hydrogen storage properties

Jing Z, Yu Y, Chen R, Tan KC, He T, Wu A, et al.

Chem Commun (Camb), 2020 Jan 22.
PMID: 31967625 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08593a

The lack of efficient hydrogen storage material is one of the bottlenecks for the large-scale implementation of hydrogen energy. Here, a series of new hydrogen storage materials, i.e., anilinide-cyclohexylamide pairs, are proposed via the metallation of an aniline-cyclohexylamine pair. DFT calculations show that the enthalpy change of hydrogen desorption (ΔHd) can be significantly tuned from 60.0 kJ per mol-H2 for the pristine aniline-cyclohexylamine pair to 42.2 kJ per mol-H2 for sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide and 38.7 kJ per mol-H2 for potassium anilinide-cyclohexylamide, where an interesting correlation between the electronegativity of the metal and the ΔHd was observed. Experimentally, the sodium anilinide-cyclohexylamide pair was successfully synthesised with a theoretical hydrogen capacity of 4.9 wt%, and the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycle can be achieved at a relatively low temperature of 150 °C in the presence of commercial catalysts, in clear contrast to the pristine aniline-cyclohexylamine pair which undergoes dehydrogenation at elevated temperatures.

Matched MeSH terms: Aniline Compounds

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