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Comparative histamine levels in antemortem and postmortem wounds in the human skin by fluorescence spectrophotometry

Faridah MN, Shahrom AW

Malays J Pathol, 2001 Dec;23(2):111-4.
PMID: 12166591

This paper describes a modified method of quantitative determination of histamine in human skin wounds using fluorescence spectrophotometer. In this study, histamine was used as an indicator to differentiate antemortem from postmortem wounds. Skin samples were obtained from 20 corpses which were brought to Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for medicolegal autopsy. Sections of human skin were processed biochemically for histamine determination using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results revealed no significant difference in the histamine content of the antemortem wounds in comparison to postmortem wounds. Based on these results, detection of histamine is not suitable to differentiate antemortem from postmortem wounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries/metabolism*
Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and therapeutic application of stem cells conditioned medium in the healing process

Fui LW, Lok MPW, Govindasamy V, Yong TK, Lek TK, Das AK

J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2019 12;13(12):2218-2233.
PMID: 31648415 DOI: 10.1002/term.2966

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation seems to be a promising new therapy for diabetic wound healing (DWH), and currently, arrays of MSCs from various sources ranging from umbilical, adipose to dental sources are available as a treatment modality for this disease. However, it now appears that only a fraction of transplanted cells actually assimilate and survive in host tissues suggesting that the major mechanism by which stem cells participate in tissue repair are most likely related to their secretome level. These include a wide range of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, which can be found from the conditioned medium (CM) used to culture the cells. Basic studies and preclinical work confirm that the therapeutic effect of CMs are comparable with the application of stem cells. This review describes in detail the wound healing process in diabetes and the cellular and biological factors that influence the process. Subsequently, through a comprehensive literature search of studies related to wound healing in diabetics, we aim to provide an overview of scientific merits of using MSCs-CM in the treatment of diabetic wound as well as the significant caveats, which restricts its potential use in clinical set-ups. To our best knowledge, this is one of the first review papers that collect the importance of stem cells as an alternative treatment to the DWH. We anticipate that the success of this treatment will have a significant clinical impact on diabetic wounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries/metabolism
Time-relative changes in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and their relationship with Glasgow Coma Scale scores in severe head injury patients in the 21-day posttraumatic study period

Nayak CD, Nayak DM, Raja A, Rao A

Indian J Med Sci, 2007 Jul;61(7):381-9.
PMID: 17611343

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species are indicated to play a prime role in the pathophysiology of brain damage following a severe head injury (SHI).
AIM: The current study was designed to understand the time-relative changes and relationship between erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of SHI patients in the 21-day posttraumatic study period.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study included 24 SHI patients and 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed in these patients and controls. The GCS scores of these patients were also recorded for the comparative study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected on day 7 (D7) and D21 from SHI patients and NC for the assay of SOD, GR and GSH-Px activities. These changes were correlated with age and changes in GCS scores of patients.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean values of each parameter between group 1 (NC), group 2 (D7 changes in SHI patients) and group 3 (D21 changes in SHI patients). ANOVA was followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. The Pearson correlation was applied to correlate between the antioxidant parameters and age and GCS scores of these patients.
RESULTS: A significant increase in erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities was observed in group 3 as compared to groups 1 and 2. The increase in GSH-Px activity was significant in group 2 as compared to group 1. Although not significant, there was an increase in mean GR activity in groups 2 and 3 as compared to group 1.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that SHI patients have shown significantly enhanced erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities during the 21-day posttraumatic study period.

Matched MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries/metabolism
The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-wound contraction and glycosaminoglycan measurement

Baie SH, Sheikh KA

J Ethnopharmacol, 2000 Nov;73(1-2):15-30.
PMID: 11025135

Haruan has been proved to influence the different phases of wound healing process. The current research focuses on the effects of haruan on the different constituents of extracellular matrix of healing wounds in normal and diabetic rats. Anaesthetized normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were provided with excision wounds at the back and then animals were divided into four groups as: group 1, wounds treated with cetrimide+haruan cream; group 2, wounds treated with haruan cream; group 3, wounds treated with cetrimide (commercial) cream; and group 4, wounds untreated and served as control. Animals were sacrificed after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. These wounds were used to determine the hexosamine, protein, uronic acid and glycosaminoglycan contents and the wound contraction. The results suggested a marked increase (P<0.05) in the uronic acid, hexosamine and dermatan sulfate contents on day 3 of group 1 when compared with groups 2-4. Wound contraction of group 1 was also markedly enhanced of group 1 (P<0.01) when compared with groups 2- 4. On the basis of these results, we conclude that haruan enhances the synthesis of different glycosaminoglycans in healing wounds, which are the first component of extracellular matrix to be synthesized during the wound healing process. The enhanced levels of glycosaminoglycans may help in the formation of a resistant scar and enhanced wound contraction represents the positive influence of haruan on the fibroplastic phase of wound healing.

Matched MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries/metabolism*
Fulltext Potential dermal wound healing agent in Blechnum orientale Linn

Lai HY, Lim YY, Kim KH

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011 Aug 12;11:62.
PMID: 21835039 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-62

BACKGROUND: Blechnum orientale Linn. (Blechnaceae) is used ethnomedicinally to treat wounds, boils, blisters or abscesses and sores, stomach pain and urinary bladder complaints. The aim of the study was to validate the ethnotherapeutic claim and to evaluate the effects of B. orientale water extract on wound healing activity.
METHODS: Water extract of B. orientale was used. Excision wound healing activity was examined on Sprague-Dawley rats, dressed with 1% and 2% of the water extract. Control groups were dressed with the base cream (vehicle group, negative control) and 10% povidone-iodine (positive control) respectively. Healing was assessed based on contraction of wound size, mean epithelisation time, hydroxyproline content and histopathological examinations. Statistical analyses were performed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test.
RESULTS: Wound healing study revealed significant reduction in wound size and mean epithelisation time, and higher collagen synthesis in the 2% extract-treated group compared to the vehicle group. These findings were supported by histolopathological examinations of healed wound sections which showed greater tissue regeneration, more fibroblasts and angiogenesis in the 2% extract-treated group.
CONCLUSIONS: The ethnotherapeutic use of this fern is validated. The water extract of B. orientale is a potential candidate for the treatment of dermal wounds. Synergistic effects of both strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the extract are deduced to have accelerated the wound repair at the proliferative phase of the healing process.

Matched MeSH terms: Wounds and Injuries/metabolism