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Fulltext Ocular toxoplasmosis in Malaysia

Lim VKE, Tan PL

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):185-7.
PMID: 6672558

31 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis were seen at the Ophthalmology Clinic, Uniuersiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur during a one-and-a-half year period. All these cases were diagnosed as congenital ocular toxoplasmosis. As this condition appears not to be uncommon in. Malaysia, greater effort should be made towards its prevention especially among pregnant women.

Study site: Ophthalmology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular*
Fulltext Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR following microwave treatment of serum and whole blood

Meganathan P, Singh S, Ling LY, Singh J, Subrayan V, Nissapatorn V

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2010 Mar;41(2):265-73.
PMID: 20578507

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may facilitate early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in different groups of patients. We evaluated this approach in 42 patients presenting with ocular or psychotic diseases by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of PCR after heat treatment using a microwave oven with a standard genomic DNA extraction method for paired serum and whole blood samples. The presence of serum IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii was detected using a standard commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay for IgG avidity test. Of 42 whole blood samples, PCR after microwave treatment was positive in 8 samples with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 100% compared to 11 samples positive by the extraction method. Although none of 42 sera samples was PCR positive by the extraction method, 7 specimens were positive after microwave treatment. This is the first study to use a microwave heat treatment, which is simple, rapid and a promising alternative method, in detecting small amounts of T. gondii DNA in human blood. Furthermore, irradiation of blood samples with microwaves allows incorporation of PCR into a practical tool for routine clinical assessment of patients with Toxoplasma infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/blood; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/genetics
Letter: Toxoplasma antibody in West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaya)

Bisseru B, Chong LK

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1974;68(2):172-3.
PMID: 4460304
Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/immunology
Fulltext Serological IgG avidity test for ocular toxoplasmosis

Suresh S, Nor-Masniwati S, Nor-Idahriani MN, Wan-Hazabbah WH, Zeehaida M, Zunaina E

Clin Ophthalmol, 2012;6:147-50.
PMID: 22291456 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S26844

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig) G avidity of serological toxoplasmosis testing in patients with ocular inflammation and to determine the clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis.
METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients presenting with ocular inflammation to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia between 2005 and 2009 was undertaken. Visual acuity, clinical manifestations at presentation, toxoplasmosis antibody testing, and treatment records were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 130 patients with ocular inflammation were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had a mean age of 38.41 (standard deviation 19.24, range 6-83) years. Seventy-one patients (54.6%) were found to be seropositive, of whom five (3.8%) were both IgG and IgM positive (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis) while one (0.8%) showed IgG avidity ≤40% (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis) and 65 patients (50.0%) showed IgG avidity >40% (suggestive of reactivation of toxoplasmosis infection). Chorioretinal scarring as an ocular manifestation was significantly more common in patients with seropositive toxoplasmosis (P = 0.036). Eighteen patients (13.8%) were diagnosed as having recent and/or active ocular toxoplasmosis based on clinical manifestations and serological testing.
CONCLUSION: Ocular toxoplasmosis is a clinical diagnosis, but specific toxoplasmosis antibody testing helps to support the diagnosis and to differentiate between reactivation of infection and recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular