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Internal morphometry of thoracic pedicles in the immature spine

Hassan E, Liau KM, Ariffin I, Halim Yusof A

Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2010 Jun 1;35(13):1253-6.
PMID: 20461037 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c1172b

A cross sectional study of thoracic pedicle morphometry in the immature spine of Malaysian population using reformatted computed tomographic (CT) images.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation
Fulltext Development of an organ-specific insert phantom generated using a 3D printer for investigations of cardiac computed tomography protocols

Abdullah KA, McEntee MF, Reed W, Kench PL

J Med Radiat Sci, 2018 Sep;65(3):175-183.
PMID: 29707915 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.279

INTRODUCTION: An ideal organ-specific insert phantom should be able to simulate the anatomical features with appropriate appearances in the resultant computed tomography (CT) images. This study investigated a 3D printing technology to develop a novel and cost-effective cardiac insert phantom derived from volumetric CT image datasets of anthropomorphic chest phantom.
METHODS: Cardiac insert volumes were segmented from CT image datasets, derived from an anthropomorphic chest phantom of Lungman N-01 (Kyoto Kagaku, Japan). These segmented datasets were converted to a virtual 3D-isosurface of heart-shaped shell, while two other removable inserts were included using computer-aided design (CAD) software program. This newly designed cardiac insert phantom was later printed by using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) process via a Creatbot DM Plus 3D printer. Then, several selected filling materials, such as contrast media, oil, water and jelly, were loaded into designated spaces in the 3D-printed phantom. The 3D-printed cardiac insert phantom was positioned within the anthropomorphic chest phantom and 30 repeated CT acquisitions performed using a multi-detector scanner at 120-kVp tube potential. Attenuation (Hounsfield Unit, HU) values were measured and compared to the image datasets of real-patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.
RESULTS: The output of the 3D-printed cardiac insert phantom was a solid acrylic plastic material, which was strong, light in weight and cost-effective. HU values of the filling materials were comparable to the image datasets of real-patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel and cost-effective cardiac insert phantom for anthropomorphic chest phantom was developed using volumetric CT image datasets with a 3D printer. Hence, this suggested the printing methodology could be applied to generate other phantoms for CT imaging studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation
Dual-source CT coronary angiography: effectiveness of radiation dose reduction with lower tube voltage

Sabarudin A, Md Yusof AK, Tay MF, Ng KH, Sun Z

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2013;153(4):441-7.
PMID: 22807493 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs127

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of dose-saving protocols in dual-source computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography compared with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). On 50 patients who underwent coronary CT angiography was performed dual-source CT (DSCT) and compared with ICA procedures. Entrance skin dose (ESD), which was measured at the thyroid gland, and effective dose (E) were assessed for both imaging modalities. The mean ESD measured at the thyroid gland was the highest at 120 kVp, followed by the 100 kVp DSCT and the ICA protocols with 4.0±1.8, 2.7±1.0 and 1.1±1.2 mGy, respectively. The mean E was estimated to be 10.3±2.1, 6.2±2.3 and 5.3±3.4 mSv corresponding to the 120-kVp, 100-kVp DSCT and ICA protocols, respectively. The application of 100 kVp in DSCT coronary angiography is feasible only in patients with a low body mass index of <25 kg m(-2), which leads to a significant dose reduction with the radiation dose being equivalent to that of ICA.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation*
CT scan in minor head injury: a guide for rural doctors

Abdul Latip LS, Ahmad Alias NA, Ariff AR, Shuaib IL, Abdullah J, Naing NN

J Clin Neurosci, 2004 Nov;11(8):835-9.
PMID: 15519858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.12.017

Minor head injury in a developing country like Malaysia is managed by primary care physicians and/or medical assistants in district hospitals. These patients are seen initially in their local hospitals, which have at least an X-ray machine for the purpose of screening. This study aimed to guide these physicians to manage these patients at a primary care level. A cross-sectional study was conducted and the study revealed significant predictors of significant computed tomographic (CT) findings. The presence of a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 14 or 13 was associated with the risk of developing significant CT findings compared to patients with a GCS of 15 (p<0.001). Thirty-seven out of 50 patients with GCS of 14 or 13 developed clinically significant brain injury on CT scan. Similarly, the presence of skull fracture was associated with the risk of developing CT abnormalities (p<0.001). Forty-two out of 51 patients with skull fracture developed clinically significant CT findings. Vomiting was associated with developing CT abnormalities (p=0.017). Twenty-seven out of 40 patients with vomiting showed significant CT findings. Soft tissue injury was also found to be associated with developing CT abnormalities (p=0.007). Therefore, we propose reclassifying minor head injury based on the GCS score. Patients with a GCS score of 15 were classified as having mild head injury, while patients with a GCS score of 13 or 14 were at higher risk of developing brain injury and therefore categorized as high risk mild head injury. This group requires emergency CT scan examination, especially when associated with non-motor vehicle accidents, abnormal central nervous system (CNS) examination, craniofacial injuries or skull fractures. They should be referred to a general surgical unit which can treat head injuries or a neurosurgical tertiary centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation