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Fulltext Duplex real-time PCR for detection and quantification of monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) in Penaeus monodon

Tang KF, Lightner DV

Dis Aquat Organ, 2011 Feb 22;93(3):191-8.
PMID: 21516971 DOI: 10.3354/dao02293

We describe a duplex real-time PCR assay using TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection of monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). Both MBV and HPV are shrimp enteric viruses that infect intestinal and hepatopancreatic epithelial cells. Both viruses can cause significant mortalities and depressed growth in infected larval, postlarval, and early juvenile stages of shrimp, and thus present a risk to commercial aquaculture. In this duplex assay, we combined 2 single real-time PCRs, amplifying MBV and HPV, in a one-tube PCR reaction. The 2 viruses were distinguished by specific fluorescent labels at the 5' end of TaqMan probes: the MBV probe was labeled with dichlorodimethoxyfluorescein (JOE), and the HPV probe was labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM). The duplex real-time PCR assay was performed in a multi-channel real-time PCR detection system, and MBV and HPV amplification signals were separately detected by the JOE and FAM channels. This duplex assay was validated to be specific to the target viruses and found to have a detection limit of single copies for each virus. The dynamic range was found to be from 1 to 1 x 10(8) copies per reaction. This assay was further applied to quantify MBV and HPV in samples of infected Penaeus monodon collected from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. The specificity and sensitivity of this duplex real-time PCR assay offer a valuable tool for routine diagnosis and quantification of MBV and HPV from both wild and farmed shrimp stocks.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus/classification*; Parvovirus/genetics; Parvovirus/isolation & purification*
Fulltext Parvovirus B19 associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytisis in hereditary spherocytosis patient: a case report

Cheong, CS, Gan, GG, Chen, TM, Lim, CC, Nadarajan, VS, Bee, PC

JUMMEC, 2016;19(2):12-16.
MyJurnal

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinico-pathologic entity caused by increased proliferation
and activation of benign macrophages with haemophagocytosis throughout the reticulo-endothelial system.
Virus-associated HLH is a well-recognised entity. Although majority of parvovirus B19 associated HLH does not
require any specific treatment and carries good prognosis, outcome of children is worse than adults. We report
here a case of HLH associated with acute parvovirus B19 infection in a young healthy patient with underlying
hereditary spherocytosis, with bone marrow findings typical of parvovirus infection. Although this patient
had spontaneous recovery of cell counts, he succumbed due to complication from prolonged ventilation.
Unexpectedly, his immunoglobulin levels were inappropriately normal despite on-going ventilator associated
pneumonia, which reflects inadequate humoral immune response towards infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus B19, Human; Parvovirus
Bufavirus genotype 3 in Turkish children with severe diarrhoea

Altay A, Yahiro T, Bozdayi G, Matsumoto T, Sahin F, Ozkan S, et al.

Clin Microbiol Infect, 2015 Oct;21(10):965.e1-4.
PMID: 26086570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.06.006

Recently a parvovirus called bufavirus (BuV) has been implicated as a causative agent of diarrhoea. To further reveal the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of BuV, this study was performed in Turkish children with diarrhoea. BuV was detected in 1.4% (8/583) of stool samples. All stool samples from healthy children (n = 148) were negative for BuV. Diarrhoea in BuV-positive patients was severe and occurred mainly during the colder months of the year. Complete genome sequences were generated from four BuVs. Only BuV3 was found, which was genetically and phylogenetically similar to Bhutanese BuV3, indicating that BuV3 is prevalent in Asian countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus
Fulltext Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Väisänen E, Paloniemi M, Kuisma I, Lithovius V, Kumar A, Franssila R, et al.

Sci Rep, 2016 12 14;6:39267.
PMID: 27966636 DOI: 10.1038/srep39267

Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied exclusively by PCR in stool and detected only in patients with diarrhoea, although at low prevalence. Three genotypes of BuV have been identified. We detected, by in-house EIA, BuV1-3 IgG antibodies in 7/228 children (3.1%) and 10/180 adults (5.6%), whereas TuV IgG was found in one child (0.4%). All children and 91% of the adults were Finnish, yet interestingly 3/6 adults of Indian origin were BuV-IgG positive. By competition EIA, no cross-reactivity between the BuVs was detected, indicating that the BuV genotypes represent distinct serotypes. Furthermore, we analysed by BuV qPCR stool and nasal swab samples from 955 children with gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, or both, and found BuV DNA in three stools (0.3%) and for the first time in a nasal swab (0.1%). This is the first study documenting the presence of BuV and TuV antibodies in humans. Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our results indicate that BuV infections might be widespread in Asia. The BuV-specific humoral immune responses appeared to be strong and long-lasting, pointing to systemic infection in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus/classification*; Parvovirus/genetics; Parvovirus/immunology; Parvovirus/isolation & purification
Fulltext High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Investigation of Viruses in Human Cancers by Multienrichment Approach

Mollerup S, Asplund M, Friis-Nielsen J, Kjartansdóttir KR, Fridholm H, Hansen TA, et al.

J Infect Dis, 2019 09 13;220(8):1312-1324.
PMID: 31253993 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz318

BACKGROUND: Viruses and other infectious agents cause more than 15% of human cancer cases. High-throughput sequencing-based studies of virus-cancer associations have mainly focused on cancer transcriptome data.
METHODS: In this study, we applied a diverse selection of presequencing enrichment methods targeting all major viral groups, to characterize the viruses present in 197 samples from 18 sample types of cancerous origin. Using high-throughput sequencing, we generated 710 datasets constituting 57 billion sequencing reads.
RESULTS: Detailed in silico investigation of the viral content, including exclusion of viral artefacts, from de novo assembled contigs and individual sequencing reads yielded a map of the viruses detected. Our data reveal a virome dominated by papillomaviruses, anelloviruses, herpesviruses, and parvoviruses. More than half of the included samples contained 1 or more viruses; however, no link between specific viruses and cancer types were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study sheds light on viral presence in cancers and provides highly relevant virome data for future reference.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus/genetics; Parvovirus/isolation & purification
Fulltext The co-existence of pure red cell aplasia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a child with malignant lymphoma

Ahmed SA, Hassan R

Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jul;12(2):56-9.
PMID: 22605959 MyJurnal

The association between pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) has rarely been reported. PRCA represents an isolated process, characterized by normochromic, normocytic anaemia, reticulocytopenia and erythroid hypoplasia in the bone marrow, and may be attributable to infection with Parvo virus B19. AIHA is a condition in which peripheral red blood cell destruction is induced by the presence of autoantibodies. However, the co-existence of these conditions is very rare, since only few cases of PRCA and AIHA associated with malignant lymphoma (ML) were reported. A case of PRCA and AIHA was detected and described, for the first time in Malaysia, in a 10-year-old child suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma from the Department of Haematology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Following the induction course of chemotherapy, the patient turned anaemic, with tendency for red cell clumping, reticulocytopenia and anisocytosis. AIHA was suspected in spite of the weak Coomb reaction obtained. The bone marrow aspirate revealed the presence of giant pronormoblasts, suggesting PRCA. Serological tests for Parvo virus and other viruses were negative.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus B19, Human
Fulltext Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 infection in an urban population in Malaysia

Ooi SL, Hooi PS, Chua BH, Lam SK, Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):97-103.
PMID: 14569725 MyJurnal

A seroepidemiological study carried out on 800 stored serum samples collected between January 1999 to December 2000 derived from an urban population in Malaysia showed that the overall seropositive rate of human paravovirus B19 infection was 37.6%, with an overall geometric mean titre (GMT) of 18.3 IU. The seropositive rates of B19 among the male and female populations were 39.0% and 36.3% respectively. The seropositive rates among the racial groups were 37.2%, 38.2%, 38.1% and 29.4% respectively for the Malays, Chinese, Indians and other races. There was no statistical significant gender and racial differences in the B19 seropositive rates. When compared with the seroprevalence of B19 infection in other Asian countries, the seropositive rate of B19 in Malaysia was low in the younger age group and increased steadily with age. The unusual finding in this study was the presence of a high seropositive rate in those between six months to five years of age, especially in children in the one year old age group.

Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification*
Trisomy 21 and hydrops fetalis: parvovirus B19 or transient abnormal myelopoiesis?

Tan LN, Cheung KW, Kilby MD

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019 May;39(4):556-557.
PMID: 30634881 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1530740
Matched MeSH terms: Parvovirus B19, Human/isolation & purification