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A new species and new record of chiggers from West Malaysia (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae)

Nadchatram M, Lakshumy GT

J Med Entomol, 1969 Aug;6(3):283-5.
PMID: 5820846
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Hotspots of mite new species discovery: Trombidiformes (2013-2015)

Liu JF, Zhang ZQ

Zootaxa, 2016 Dec 14;4208(1):zootaxa.4208.1.1.
PMID: 27988536 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.1

This paper reveals the hotspots of new mite discovery through of a survey of type localities of new Trombidiformes species described in two journals (Systematic & Applied Acarology and Zootaxa) during the last three years (2013-2015). Taxonomically, the 491 new species of the Trombidiformes are highly unevenly distributed among 55 families with top 10 families accounting for over 66% of the total. The Eriophyidae is the top-ranked family. Geographically, these 491 new species are from 55 countries around the world and their distribution among the countries is highly uneven. The majority of these new species (69%) are from the top 10 countries and six of the top ten countries are also megadiversity countries. The top three countries are all from Asia (Iran, China and Malaysia) and they together accounted for over one third of all new species of the Trombidiformes described in the two journals during 2013-2015.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Two new larval trombiculid mites (Acarina, Trombiculidae) collected from ground holes and birds in Malaysia

Nadchatram M, Upham RW

J Med Entomol, 1966 Dec;3(3):345-50.
PMID: 5986757
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Correlation of habitat, environment and color of chiggers, and their potential significance in the epidemiology of scrub typhus in Malaya (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae)

Nadchatram M

J Med Entomol, 1970 Apr;7(2):131-44.
PMID: 5425680
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
New and interesting mites from the Geneva museum XX. Contribution to the Oribatid fauna of S.E. Asia (Acari, Oribatida)

Mahunka S

Rev. Suisse Zool., 1977 Mar;84(1):247-74.
PMID: 877511
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Three new species of Leptotrombidium from Southeast Asia (Acarina: Trombiculidae)

Traub R, Nadchatram M

J Med Entomol, 1967 Nov;4(4):483-9.
PMID: 5623790
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) Umbricola, new species, a probable vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia

Nadchatram M, Dohany AL

Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol., 1980 Oct;33(5):277-82.
PMID: 7300039

Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) umbricola, described here as a new species, is a member of the L. (L.) deliense group and most closely resembles L. (L.) vivericola. L. (L.) umbricola was collected from the ground surface and from animal hosts, in similar habitats to the scrub typhus vector, L. (L.) deliense. The host and habitat distribution records and the Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection rates within unengorged specimens suggest that L. (L.) umbricola may be an important vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Two new species of Leptotrombidium (Ascarina, Trombiculidae) from Malaysia

Vercammen-Grandjean PH, Langston RL

J Med Entomol, 1971 Oct 30;8(4):450-3.
PMID: 5159261
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Trombicula minor Berlese (Acarina, Trombiculidae): designation of neotype with larval and post-larval stages from Malayan bats, and new name, Myotrombicula dilarami, for T. minor, Cooreman 1960 nec Berlese 1905

Audy JR, Nadchatram M, Loomis RB, Traub R

Acarologia, 1965 Apr;7:Suppl:1-33.
PMID: 5890925
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
On a new species of Dermatophagoides (D. neotropicalis) from house dust, producing both normal and heteromorphic males (Sarcoptiformes: Pyroglyphidae)

Fain A, Van Bronswijk JE

Acarologia, 1973 Sep;15(1):181-7.
PMID: 4794998
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification
Chiggers of the genus Helenicula of the Old World including descriptions of 9 new species (Acarina: Prostigmata, Trombiculidae)

Nadchatram M, Traub R

J Med Entomol, 1971 Dec 15;8(5):562-97.
PMID: 5160263
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Revision of Womersley's Apoloniinae (Acarina, Leeuwenhoekidae) from the Asiatic-Pacific region

Vercammen-Grandjean PH

Folia Parasitol., 1972;19(3):227-52.
PMID: 4670829
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Beyond Moa's Ark and Wallace's Line: extralimital distribution of new species of Austronothrus (Acari, Oribatida, Crotoniidae) and the endemicity of the New Zealand oribatid mite fauna

Colloff MJ, Cameron SL

Zootaxa, 2014;3780:263-81.
PMID: 24871836 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.3

The genus Austronothrus was previously known from three species recorded only from New Zealand. Austronothrus kinabalu sp. nov. is described from Sabah, Borneo and A. rostralis sp. nov. from Norfolk Island, south-west Pacific. A key to Austronothrus is included. These new species extend the distribution of Austronothrus beyond New Zealand and confirms that the subfamily Crotoniinae is not confined to former Gondwanan landmasses. The distribution pattern of Austronothrus spp., combining Oriental and Gondwanan localities, is indicative of a curved, linear track; consistent with the accretion of island arcs and volcanic terranes around the plate margins of the Pacific Ocean, with older taxa persisting on younger island though localised dispersal within island arc metapopulations. Phylogenetic analysis and an area cladogram are consistent with a broad ancestral distribution of Austronothrus in the Oriental region and on Gondwanan terranes, with subsequent divergence and distribution southward from the Sunda region to New Zealand. This pattern is more complex than might be expected if the New Zealand oribatid fauna was derived from dispersal following re-emergence of land after inundation during the Oligocene (25 mya), as well as if the fauna emanated from endemic, relictual taxa following separation of New Zealand from Gondwana during the Cretaceous (80 mya).

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Fulltext Acariasis on pet Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus in Malaysia

Mariana A, Vellayan S, Halimaton I, Ho TM

Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2011 Mar;4(3):227-8.
PMID: 21771459 DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60075-8

OBJECTIVE: To identify the acari present on pet Burmese pythons in Malaysia and to determine whether there is any potential public health risk related to handling of the snakes.
METHODS: Two sub-adult Burmese pythons kept as pets for a period of about 6 to 7 months by different owners, were brought to an exotic animal practice for treatment. On a complete medical examination, some ticks and mites (acari) were detected beneath the dorsal and ventral scales along body length of the snakes. Ticks were directly identified and mites were mounted prior to identification.
RESULTS: A total of 12 ticks represented by 3 males, 2 females and 7 nymphal stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) were extracted from the first python while the other one was with 25 female Ophionyssus natricis (O. natricis) mesostigmatid mites. Only adult female mites were found. These mites are common ectoparasites of Burmese pythons.
CONCLUSIONS: Both the acarine species found on the Burmese pythons are known vectors of pathogens. This is the first record that R. sanguineus has been reported from a pet Burmese python in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification
Distribution of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) arenicola (Acarina: Trombiculidae) on the ground in West Malaysia

Upham RW, Hubert AA, Phang OW, Mat YB, Rapmund G

J Med Entomol, 1971 Oct 30;8(4):401-6.
PMID: 5159254
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
PCR identification and phylogenetic analysis of the medically important dust mite Suidasia medanensis (Acari: Suidasiidae) in Malaysia

Ernieenor FCL, Ernna G, Jafson AS, Mariana A

Exp Appl Acarol, 2018 Sep;76(1):99-107.
PMID: 30151715 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0285-4

The occurrence of Suidasia medanensis (= S. pontifica) mites in Malaysian house dust was first reported in 1984. The taxonomy of this storage mite is, however, quite confusing. Therefore, we need an accurate identification to resolve morphological problems due to its minute size and some overlapping characters between species. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the application of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for the identification of S. medanensis by PCR. Identity of the mite was first determined by observing morphological characters under a light microscope. Genomic DNA of S. medanensis mites was successfully extracted prior to PCR and DNA sequencing using COI universal primers. The length of the COI sequences obtained was 378 bp. BLAST analysis of amplicon sequences showed that local S. medanensis COI region had 99% maximum identity with S. medanensis nucleotide sequence (AY525568) available in the GenBank. As the phylogenetic tree generated indicated, COI sequences from this study were clustered with S. medanensis from Korea and the UK in one major clade, supported with high bootstrap value (> 85%). Results of the phylogenetic analysis of this COI gene were congruent with the morphological identification and provided strong support for a single clade of local S. medanensis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Fulltext Structural analysis of raw and commercial farm edible bird nests

Kew PE, Wong SF, Lim PK, Mak JW

Trop Biomed, 2014 Mar;31(1):63-76.
PMID: 24862046 MyJurnal

Edible bird nests (EBNs) are consumed worldwide for various health benefits. EBNs are nests built from the saliva of swiftlets of Aerodramus species. The global market for EBNs is on the rise, especially from Hong Kong and mainland China. In the past, EBNs were harvested mainly from natural caves; however in the recent years, there has been a rapid growth of swiftlet farming. Little is known about the actual composition of EBNs except for protein, carbohydrate, ash and lipid contents, amino acids, vitamins and macro/ micronutrients. Besides the biochemical components of EBNs, are there any other structures that are associated with EBNs? This paper reports on the structural analysis of raw unprocessed farm and processed commercial EBNs. The raw EBNs were purchased from swiftlet farms in five locations in Peninsula Malaysia: Kuala Sanglang (Perlis; 6° 16' 0"N, 100° 12' 0"E), Pantai Remis (Perak; 4º 27' 0" N, 100º 38' 0" E), Kluang (Johor; 02º 012 303N 103º 192 583E), Kajang (Selangor; 2º 59' 0"N, 101º 47' 0"E) and Kota Bharu (Kelantan; 6º 8' 0"N, 102º 15' 0"E). The commercial nests were purchased from five different Chinese traditional medicinal shops (Companies A-E). A portion of each EBN was randomly broken into small fragments, attached to carbon tape and coated with gold and palladium particles for examination and photography under a scanning electron microscope. Structural analysis revealed the presence of mites, fungi, bacteria and feather strands on both the raw and commercial nests. Mite eggshells and faecal pellets, and body parts of other arthropods were seen only in the raw nests. The commercial nests had a variety of unidentified structures and substances coated on the nests' surfaces that were not found on the raw nests. The presence of these contaminants may jeopardise the quality of EBNs and pose health risks to consumers. Further identification of the mites and their allergens, fungi and bacteria are on-going and will be reported separately.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Fulltext A review of endoparasitic acarines of Malaysia with special reference to novel endoparasitism of mites in amphibious sea snakes and supplementary notes on ecology of chiggers

Nadchatram M

Trop Biomed, 2006 Jun;23(1):1-22.
PMID: 17041547 MyJurnal

Some 2,000 species of mites of the family Trombiculidae are known in the world. The 6-legged larvae are mostly ectoparasites of reptiles, birds, mammals and invertebrates. Their 8-legged active nymphs and adults are free-living predators. In the Asia-Pacific region, a few species in various genera are vectors of scrub typhus and scrub-itch. In this a paper, a very bizarre trombiculid species, Vatacarus ipoides Southcott 1957, endoparasitic in the trachea of the amphibious sea snake, Laticauda colubrina (Schenider) is re-described based mostly on new-born larvae reared in the laboratory. Life history study of the mite produced very novel and interesting results. A brief account of the life-cycle was presented at the first laboratory demonstration of the Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine Meeting by Nadchatram and Audy (1965). The life history is illustrated and described here in greater detail. The active nymphal, and the akinetic teleiophane stages are bypassed, which is unusual in the life-cycle of the family Trombiculidae. Also, the larva is the only stage in the life-cycle that feeds. The sexes are predetermined in the larval neosomatic stage and give rise to small males and bigger females. Having obtained adults of the species, by rearing, it is deemed unnecessary for the original proposal by Southcott to erect a new family, Vatacaridae, because the adults share all the attributes of the family Trombiculidae. The male and female obtained through laboratory rearing are illustrated for the first time. Relationship of V. ipoides with Laticauda snakes show close host-specificity, in a group of acarines that are generally habitat-specific. Possible explanations for their association are discussed. The unusual morphology and the formation of new structures during an instar is of ontogenetic and evolutionary importance. The hypertrophic larvae are superficially vermiform, rather than typically acarine in shape. This, and other biological features, necessitated the proposal of new morphological terms, and they are discussed here.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Fulltext House dust mite fauna in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Mariana A, Ho TM, Sofian-Azirun M, Wong AL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2000 Dec;31(4):712-21.
PMID: 11414418

Allergy to house dust mites (HDM) is an important cause of asthma and rhinitis in Malaysia. This study was carried out to evaluate the dust mite fauna in the Klang Valley. Dust samples were collected from 20 houses from March 1994 to February 1995. Thirty-three dust samples from mattresses were examined monthly for the occurrence of HDM. A total of 22 species in 9 families of HDM was identified. The most common and densely populated species was Blomia tropicalis with an average density of 8,934 mites/g of dust. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the next in abundance, followed by Malayoglyphus intermedius. All houses surveyed were found to be infested with HDM and every house had at least 6 species of HDM. B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus were found in all mattresses. HDM in the Klang Valley were found to be highly prevalent and present in high densities. In this study, counts of D. pteronyssinus was found to exceed the proposed exposure threshold of 500 mites/g dust, for triggering acute asthma. Although counts of B. tropicalis exceeded D. pteronyssinus, no conclusion could be made because there is currently no exposure threshold for triggering acute asthma, for this species. Monthly distribution of B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus showed 2 peaks and 4 peaks, respectively. The major peak for D. pteronysinus was in January 1995 whereas for B. tropicalis, the major peak was more variable and occurred between November 1994 to January 1995. Both the species showed minor peak in April 1994.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species

Anderson DL, Trueman JW

Exp Appl Acarol, 2000 Mar;24(3):165-89.
PMID: 11108385

Varroa jacobsoni was first described as a natural ectoparasitic mite of the Eastern honeybee (Apis cerana) throughout Asia. It later switched host to the Western honeybee (A. mellifera) and has now become a serious pest of that bee worldwide. The studies reported here on genotypic, phenotypic and reproductive variation among V. jacobsoni infesting A. cerana throughout Asia demonstrate that V. jacobsoni is a complex of at least two different species. In a new classification V. jacobsoni is here redefined as encompassing nine haplotypes (mites with distinct mtDNA CO-I gene sequences) that infest A. cerana in the Malaysia Indonesia region. Included is a Java haplotype, specimens of which were used to first describe V. jacobsoni at the beginning of this century. A new name, V. destructor n. sp., is given to six haplotypes that infest A. cerana on mainland Asia. Adult females of V. destructor are significantly larger and less spherical in shape than females of V. jacobsoni and they are also reproductively isolated from females of V. jacobsoni. The taxonomic positions of a further three unique haplotypes that infest A. cerana in the Philippines is uncertain and requires further study. Other studies reported here also show that only two of the 18 different haplotypes concealed within the complex of mites infesting A. cerana have become pests of A. mellifera worldwide. Both belong to V. destructor, and they are not V. jacobsoni. The most common is a Korea haplotype, so-called because it was also found parasitizing A. cerana in South Korea. It was identified on A. mellifera in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Less common is a Japan/Thailand haplotype, so-called because it was also found parasitizing A. cerana in Japan and Thailand. It was identified on A. mellifera in Japan, Thailand and the Americas. Our results imply that the findings of past research on V. jacobsoni are applicable mostly to V. destructor. Our results will also influence quarantine protocols for bee mites, and may present new strategies for mite control.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*

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