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Fulltext In vitro antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba

Saad S, Taher M, Susanti D, Qaralleh H, Awang AF

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;2(6):427-9.
PMID: 23569943 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60069-0

To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba (S. alba).

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry*
Fulltext Effects of Agitation Speed and Kinetic Studies on Probiotication of Pomegranate Juice with Lactobacillus casei

Mustafa SM, Chua LS, El-Enshasy HA

Molecules, 2019 Jun 26;24(13).
PMID: 31247970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132357

The issues of lactose intolerance and vegetarianism have encouraged the introduction of non-dairy fermented food into the market. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of agitation speed on the bioactive compounds and functional characteristics of probioticated pomegranate juice. Pomegranate juice was fermented with Lactobacillus casei at different agitation speeds ranging from 0 (microaerophilic) to 150 rpm at 37 °C. The functional properties of probioticated pomegranate juice were evaluated in terms of growth (biomass), lactic acid production, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and key metabolites using LC-MS/MS. The growth kinetics of fermentation was monitored at the optimal condition using one factor at a time method. High cell growth (3.58 × 1010 cfu/mL or 7.9 gL-1) was observed for L. casei probioticated pomegranate juice agitated at 0 rpm. The findings of this study reveal the potential of pomegranate juice as a medium for L. casei cultivation without nutrient supplementation. The improvement of antioxidant activity in the probioticated juice could be due to the increment of quercetin-3-glucoside. Therefore, L. casei grew well in pomegranate juice with a high cell viability and antioxidant activity at a non-agitated condition. Probioticated pomegranate juice is a potentially functional drink.

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry*
Optimal methods for evaluating antimicrobial activities from plant extracts

Othman M, Loh HS, Wiart C, Khoo TJ, Lim KH, Ting KN

J Microbiol Methods, 2011 Feb;84(2):161-6.
PMID: 21094190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.11.008

The search for antimicrobial agents from plants has been a growing interest in the last few decades. However, results generated from many of these studies cannot be directly compared due to the absence of standardization in particular antimicrobial methods employed. The need for established methods with consistent results for the evaluation of antimicrobial activities from plant extracts has been proposed by many researchers. Nevertheless, there are still many studies reported in the literature describing different methodologies. The aim of this study was to find optimal methods to give consistent quantitative antimicrobial results for studying plant extracts. Three different agar-based assays (pour plate disc diffusion (PPDD), streak plate disc diffusion (SPDD) and well-in agar (WA)) and one broth-based (turbidometric (TB)) assay were used in this study. Extracts from two plant species (Duabanga grandiflora and Acalypha wilkesiana) were tested on two bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Amongst the agar-based assays, PPDD produced the most reproducible results. TB was able to show the inhibitory effects of the test samples on the growth kinetic of the bacteria including plant extracts with low polarity. We propose that both agar- (i.e PPDD) and broth-based assays should be employed when assessing the antimicrobial activity of plant crude extracts.

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry
Fulltext Antiviral and virucidal activities of Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract against Pseudorabies virus in vitro

Malik FZ, Allaudin ZN, Loh HS, Nee TK, Hani H, Abdullah R

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 May 23;16:139.
PMID: 27216794 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1120-2

Duabanga grandiflora or known in Malaysia as Berembang Bukit, Megawasih, or Pedada Bukit, is a native plant of the Southeast Asian countries. In this study, the anti-viral properties of D. grandiflora were investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry*
Protective effect of apple mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris extract in Edwardsiella tarda-infected African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Aznan AS, Lee KL, Low CF, Iberahim NA, Wan Ibrahim WN, Musa N, et al.

Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2018 Jul;78:338-345.
PMID: 29684603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.033

Outbreaks of edwardsiellosis have severe impact on the aquaculture production of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. In this study, feed supplemented with apple mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris extract was evaluated for its protective effect against Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish. Results showed an increase in growth performance and higher survival rate in the treatment groups in a dose dependent manner. Haematological analyses showed an increase in white blood cell count in the treatment groups. Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes and regeneration of liver tissue architecture in both the control and treatment groups. However, the presence of inflammatory cells was found exclusively in the kidney of T3 treatment group that was supplemented with the highest dose of extract at 3.17 mg/ml, which inferred the activation of immune response in the fish. Contrast to the deteriorative alteration observed in the kidney of the control group due to E. tarda infection, treatment group exhibited tissue regeneration and well-defined kidney tissue architecture at 3 dpi. Taken together, these results demonstrated that supplementation with the methanol extract of S. caseolaris possesses protective effect in African catfish against the infection of E. tarda.

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry*
Fulltext The effect of pomegranate fresh juice versus pomegranate seed powder on metabolic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and the histopathology of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

Taheri Rouhi SZ, Sarker MMR, Rahmat A, Alkahtani SA, Othman F

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Mar 14;17(1):156.
PMID: 28288617 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1667-6

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia, inflammatory disorders and abnormal lipid profiles. Several functional foods have therapeutic potential to treat chronic diseases including diabetes. The therapeutic potential of pomegranate has been stated by multitudinous scientists. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice and seed powder on the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profiles, and health of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD) induced T2DM Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
METHODS: Forty healthy male SD rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intra-peritoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.) - NAD (120 mg/kg b.w.). Diabetic rats were orally administered with 1 mL of pomegranate fresh juice (PJ) or 100 mg pomegranate seed powder in 1 mL distilled water (PS), or 5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide every day for 21 days. Rats in all groups were sacrificed on day 22. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (v: 22) using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS: The results showed that PJ and PS treatment had slight but non-significant reduction of plasma glucose concentration, and no impact on plasma insulin compared to diabetic control (DC) group. PJ lowered the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) non-significantly compared to DC group. In contrast, PS treatment significantly raised plasma TC, LDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels compared to the DC rats. Moreover, the administration of PJ and PS significantly reduced the levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers, which were actively raised in diabetic rats. Only PJ treated group showed significant repairment and restoration signs in islets of Langerhans. Besides, PJ possessed preventative impact against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals almost 2.5 folds more than PS.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that active constituents with high antioxidant properties present in PJ are responsible for its anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, likewise the restoration effect on the damaged islets of Langerhans in experimental rats. Hence, the pharmacological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles of PJ treated rats obviously indicated its helpful effects in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Lythraceae/chemistry*