Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 111 in total

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  1. Single incubation double esterase cytochemical reaction using a single coupling reagent
    Ainoon O, Jabamoney AJ, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 1991 Jun;13(1):47-9.
    PMID: 1724544
    Most methods used in double esterase cytochemistry for the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukaemias require double incubation and staining, using separate coupling reagents. We evaluated a method by Swirsky on our normal and abnormal blood and bone marrow smears where only a single incubation and the use of a single coupling reagent is required. Its short incubation period and its strong positive reaction for butyrate esterase in demonstrating cells of monocytic lineage gives it an advantage over the conventional double incubation technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis*; Leukemia, Myeloid/enzymology
  2. The magnitude of tyrosine kinase inhibitor induced cytopaenia on normal haematopoietic tissues in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
    Kuan JW, Ng SY, Hon SL, Lim SM, Chai AJM, Teo HG, et al.
    Int J Lab Hematol, 2023 Feb;45(1):e1-e5.
    PMID: 35896146 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13940
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid*
  3. Congenital papulonodular eruption: presenting sign of congenital leukaemia cutis
    Nanda A, El-Kamel MF, Al-Oneizi EM, Al-Ajmi M, Al-Enezi EM, Madda JP
    Clin Exp Dermatol, 2012 Jul;37(5):509-11.
    PMID: 22712859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04270.x
    Congenital leukaemia (CL) is a rare malignancy that accounts for < 1% of cases of childhood leukaemias. Leukaemia cutis (LC) refers to cutaneous infiltration with leukaemic cells, and is seen in 30-50% of CL cases. It may precede, follow or occur simultaneously with leukaemia. If left untreated, the prognosis is usually poor, but early diagnosis and treatment may result in a favourable prognosis. We report a case of congenital leukaemia cutis with a progressive, violaceous papulonodular eruption (a 'blueberry muffin' rash), which had been noted at birth, as a presenting sign of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which on investigation was classified as AML, FAB M2 type with a t(8; 21)(p11;q22) chromosomal defect. The patient had a favourable response to AML chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/congenital*; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
  4. Fulltext Leucostasis: an uncommon cause of respiratory distress
    Goh KL, Bosco J, Wong CS
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):194-6.
    PMID: 6584709
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid/blood; Leukemia, Myeloid/complications*
  5. Prognostic significance of morphological and cytochemical markers in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia: concepts and observations
    George E, Kamarulzaman E
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):184-6.
    PMID: 297198
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology*
  6. Multiclass Benchmarking Framework for Automated Acute Leukaemia Detection and Classification Based on BWM and Group-VIKOR
    Alsalem MA, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Albahri OS, Alamoodi AH, Albahri AS, et al.
    J Med Syst, 2019 Jun 01;43(7):212.
    PMID: 31154550 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1338-x
    This paper aims to assist the administration departments of medical organisations in making the right decision on selecting a suitable multiclass classification model for acute leukaemia. In this paper, we proposed a framework that will aid these departments in evaluating, benchmarking and ranking available multiclass classification models for the selection of the best one. Medical organisations have continuously faced evaluation and benchmarking challenges in such endeavour, especially when no single model is superior. Moreover, the improper selection of multiclass classification for acute leukaemia model may be costly for medical organisations. For example, when a patient dies, one such organisation will be legally or financially sued for incidents in which the model fails to fulfil its desired outcome. With regard to evaluation and benchmarking, multiclass classification models are challenging processes due to multiple evaluation and conflicting criteria. This study structured a decision matrix (DM) based on the crossover of 2 groups of multi-evaluation criteria and 22 multiclass classification models. The matrix was then evaluated with datasets comprising 72 samples of acute leukaemia, which include 5327 gens. Subsequently, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques are used in the benchmarking and ranking of multiclass classification models. The MCDM used techniques that include the integrated BWM and VIKOR. BWM has been applied for the weight calculations of evaluation criteria, whereas VIKOR has been used to benchmark and rank classification models. VIKOR has also been employed in two decision-making contexts: individual and group decision making and internal and external group aggregation. Results showed the following: (1) the integration of BWM and VIKOR is effective at solving the benchmarking/selection problems of multiclass classification models. (2) The ranks of classification models obtained from internal and external VIKOR group decision making were almost the same, and the best multiclass classification model based on the two was 'Bayes. Naive Byes Updateable' and the worst one was 'Trees.LMT'. (3) Among the scores of groups in the objective validation, significant differences were identified, which indicated that the ranking results of internal and external VIKOR group decision making were valid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis*; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology*
  7. Fulltext Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia: a review
    Chin YM, Hassan K
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):103-11.
    PMID: 6595495
    The common chromosome abnormalities that are encountered in the various types of leukemia are discussed here. Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia are non-random and certain chromosomal changes are now becoming recognised as being rather specific for certain leukemia types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
  8. A case of modified A antigen in acute leukaemia
    Antoni A, Case J
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):290-2.
    PMID: 4278976
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology*
  9. Fulltext Palm Raceme as a Promising Biomass Precursor for Activated Carbon to Promote Lipase Activity with the Aid of Eutectic Solvents
    Abed KM, Hayyan A, Elgharbawy AAM, Hizaddin HF, Hashim MA, Hasan HA, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Dec 09;27(24).
    PMID: 36557866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248734
    This study concerns the role of activated carbon (AC) from palm raceme as a support material for the enhancement of lipase-catalyzed reactions in an aqueous solution, with deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a co-solvent. The effects of carbonization temperature, impregnation ratio, and carbonization time on lipase activity were studied. The activities of Amano lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (AML) and lipase from the porcine pancreas (PPL) were used to investigate the optimum conditions for AC preparation. The results showed that AC has more interaction with PPL and effectively provides greater enzymatic activity compared with AML. The optimum treatment conditions of AC samples that yield the highest enzymatic activity were 0.5 (NaOH (g)/palm raceme (g)), 150 min, and a carbonization temperature of 400 °C. DES was prepared from alanine/sodium hydroxide and used with AC for the further enhancement of enzymatic activity. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the activity of PPL was enhanced with the immobilization of AC in a DES medium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*
  10. Fulltext Survival outcomes of children with relapsed or refractory myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome
    Raghuram N, Hasegawa D, Nakashima K, Rahman S, Antoniou E, Skajaa T, et al.
    Blood Adv, 2023 Nov 14;7(21):6532-6539.
    PMID: 36735769 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009381
    Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a significantly higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia, also termed myeloid leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS). In contrast to the highly favorable prognosis of primary ML-DS, the limited data that are available for children who relapse or who have refractory ML-DS (r/r ML-DS) suggest a dismal prognosis. There are few clinical trials and no standardized treatment approach for this population. We conducted a retrospective analysis of international study groups and pediatric oncology centers and identified 62 patients who received treatment with curative intent for r/r ML-DS between year 2000 to 2021. Median time from diagnosis to relapse was 6.8 (range, 1.1-45.5) months. Three-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 20.9 ± 5.3% and 22.1 ± 5.4%, respectively. Survival was associated with receipt of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.28), duration of first complete remission (CR1) (HR, 0.31 for > 12 months) and attainment of remission after relapse (HR, 4.03). Patients who achieved complete remission (CR) before HSCT, had an improved OS and EFS of 56.0 ± 11.8% and 50.5 ± 11.9%, respectively compared to those who underwent HSCT without CR (3-year OS and EFS of 10.0 ± 9.5%). Treatment failure after HSCT was predominantly because of disease recurrence (52%) followed by treatment-related mortality (10%). The prognosis of r/r ML-DS remains dismal even in the current treatment period and serve as a reference point for current prognostication and future interventional studies. Clinical trials aimed at improving the survival of patients with r/r ML-DS are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*
  11. Fulltext Effect and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a systematic review protocol
    Muhamad NA, Mohd Dali NS, Mohd Yacob A, Kassim MSA, Lodz NA, Abdul Wahid SF, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2020 Jun 15;10(6):e032503.
    PMID: 32540885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032503
    INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells or platelets. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) holds promise as a new agent that also could be efficacious in newly diagnosed AML with acceptable toxicity. This paper describes the design of a protocol to conduct a systematic review of published studies assessing GO for the treatment of AML.

    METHOD AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled trials that investigate the effect and safety of GO for the treatment of patients with AML. We will search for any eligible articles from selected electronic databases. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis for study selection and reporting. We will use The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Meta-Analysis as guidance to select eligible studies. All data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: There was no patient involved in this study, therefore no ethical consideration is needed. The findings of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and any relevant conference presentation.

    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019123286.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
  12. Fulltext Job characteristics of a Malaysian bank's anti-money laundering system and its employees' job satisfaction
    Kannan R, Reddiar Y, Ramakrishnan K, Eastaff MS, Ramesh S
    F1000Res, 2021;10:1052.
    PMID: 36225238 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73234.2
    Background: Banks and financial institutions are vulnerable to money laundering (ML) as a result of crime proceeds infiltrating banks in the form of significant cash deposits. Improved financial crime compliance processes and systems enable anti-ML (AML) analysts to devote considerable time and effort to case investigation and process quality work, thereby lowering financial risks by reporting suspicious activity in a timely and effective manner. This study uses Job Characteristics Theory (JCT) to evaluate the AML system through the job satisfaction and motivation of its users. The purpose of this study is to determine how satisfied AML personnel are with their jobs and how motivated they are to work with the system. Methods: This cross-sectional study used JCT to investigate the important elements impacting employee satisfaction with the AML system. The five core dimensions of the job characteristics were measured using a job diagnostic survey. The respondents were employees working in the AML department of a Malaysian bank, and the sample group was chosen using a purposive sampling approach. A total of 100 acceptable replies were gathered and analysed using various statistical approaches. A motivating potential score was generated for each employee based on five main job characteristics. Results: Findings revealed that five core job characteristics, namely, skill diversity, task identity, task importance, autonomy and feedback, positively influence the AML system employees' job satisfaction. However, skill variety and autonomy are found to be low, which are reflected in the poor motivating potential score. Conclusion: This study examined the characteristics of the AML system and its users' job satisfaction. Findings revealed that task significance is the most widely recognised characteristic, followed by feedback and task identity. However, there is a lack of skill variety and autonomy, which must be addressed to improve employee satisfaction with the AML system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*
  13. Aberrant DNA Methylation of SOCS1 Gene is Not Associated with Resistance to Imatinib Mesylate among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
    Elias MH, Azlan H, Baba AA, Ankathil R
    Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets, 2018;18(3):234-238.
    PMID: 29669505 DOI: 10.2174/1871529X18666180419101416
    BACKGROUND: In exploring the cause of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) resistance among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients who do not harbor BCR-ABL dependent mechanism, BCR-ABL independent pathways are the most probable pathways that should be explored. In BCR-ABL independent pathway, SOCS1 plays an important role as it helps in regulating optimal JAK/STAT activity.

    OBJECTIVE: To identify the association of SOCS1 gene hypermethylation in mediating IM Resistance.

    METHOD: The SOCS1 promoter methylation level of 92 BCR-ABL non mutated IM resistant CML patients, 83 IM good response CML patients and 5 normal samples from healthy individuals were measured using Methylation Specific-High Resolution Melt (MS-HRM) analysis.

    RESULTS: Both primers used to amplify promoter region from -333 to -223 and from -332 to -188 showed less than 10% methylation in all CML and normal samples. Consequently, there was no significant difference in SOCS1 promoter methylation level between IM resistant and IM good response patients.

    CONCLUSION: SOCS1 promoter methylation level is not suitable to be used as one of the biomarkers for predicting the possibility of acquiring resistance among CML patients treated with IM.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy*; Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics*; Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
  14. Fulltext The Msi2 Protein expression positive correlation with favorable cytogenetics findings in AML
    Nurasyikin, Y., Azma, R.Z., Suria, A.A., Chandramaya, S., Noraidah, M., Omayma, S.E.B
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):66-82.
    MyJurnal
    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common subtype of acute leukaemias with a poor outcome. Msi2 protein is a newly discovered prognostic marker and it has been considered as a new target for therapy in AML. The study of Msi2
    protein expression in AML cases has not been performed in Malaysia, to date. The main aim of the present study was to observe the expression of Msi2 protein in AML patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to correlate its expression
    with the well-established prognostic and clinical parameters in AML as well as the overall survival (OS). Sixty four bone marrow trephine biopsy sections were immunostained for Msi2 protein. The percentage of blasts with positive reaction
    and the intensity of the cytoplasmic and nuclear staining were evaluated. The expression of Msi2 protein was found in 95.3% cases with Msi2 pattern varying between the cases. In 71.9% of cases, the blasts showed total cellular positivity and 23.4% cases showed only cytoplasmic positivity. Majority showed high expression of Msi2 for cytoplasmic staining. Interestingly, there was significant correlation between total cellular staining and the intermediate cytogenetic subgroup (P=0.04). In conclusion, the results showed that the majority of the patients had high expression of Msi2 but this did not correlate to OS. However, the Msi2 expression correlated to the cytogenetic findings. The results suggest future extensive research to be conducted in order to ascertain the exact role of Msi2 positive blast cells in AML in our population and their association with prognosis and outcome.
    Keywords: AML, cytogenetics, immunohistochemistry, Msi2 protein
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid
  15. Fulltext Abnormalities of chromosome 11Q in three cases of acute myeloid leukemia
    Ten SK, Khor MK, Khalid H, Lin HP, Ng SC, Cheong SK, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 1992 Apr;33(2):164-6.
    PMID: 1621121
    The haematological findings and case history of 3 patients with the association of acute myeloid leukemia and translocation involving the long arm of chromosome no. 11 are presented. The recipient chromosome for the translocated material from chromosome 11 differs in all the three cases being namely chromosomes 1, 10 and 17.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics*
  16. Fulltext Chronic myeloid leukaemia in Malaysian children
    Sinniah D, Ariffin WA, Shiong HW, Lin HP
    Singapore Med J, 1981 Dec;22(6):350-3.
    PMID: 6950522
    A 13 year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur reveals that chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) constitutes 4.3% of all childhood leukaemia. Adult type of CML occurs in older children and is associated with marked splenomegaly, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis and the presence of Philadelphia chromosome. Although the initial response to busulphan was encouraging most of the patients succumbed; 2 patients underwent acute lymphoblastic transformation. Juvenile CML occurs in younger children and is associated with less marked splenomegaly, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia and the presence of elevated fetal haemoglobin levels. The disease is characterised by an acute fulminating course. Despite improved survival in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the outlook for chronic myeloid leukaemia in childhood remains poor and treatment needs re-evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid/classification; Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy; Leukemia, Myeloid/epidemiology*
  17. Nasal eschar: a warning sign of potentially fatal invasive fungal sinusitis in immunocompromised children
    Idris N, Lim LH
    J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2012 May;34(4):e134-6.
    PMID: 22430585 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e31824410e3
    Most invasive fungal sinusitis occurs in immunocompromised adult patients. We present the case study of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. He developed a progressive darkening discoloration over the dorsum of the nose that turned into an eschar. Nasal endoscopy revealed extensive necrotic tissue in the nasal cavity mucosa, inferior and middle turbinates, and septal cartilage that extended to the eschar of the skin over the nasal dorsum. Histopathology showed aspergillus invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy*; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
  18. Identification of copy number alterations by array comparative genomic hybridization in patients with late chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate
    Nadarajan VS, Phan CL, Ang CH, Liang KL, Gan GG, Bee PC, et al.
    Int J Hematol, 2011 Apr;93(4):465-473.
    PMID: 21387093 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0796-9
    The outcome of treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with imatinib mesylate (IM) is inferior when therapy is commenced in late chronic or accelerated phase as compared to early chronic phase. This may be attributed to additional genomic alterations that accumulate during disease progression. We sought to identify such lesions in patients showing suboptimal response to IM by performing array-CGH analysis on 39 sequential samples from 15 CML patients. Seventy-four cumulative copy number alterations (CNAs) consisting of 35 losses and 39 gains were identified. Alterations flanking the ABL1 and BCR genes on chromosomes 9 and 22, respectively, were the most common identified lesions with 5 patients losing variable portions of 9q34.11 proximal to ABL1. Losses involving 1p36, 5q31, 17q25, Y and gains of 3q21, 8q24, 22q11, Xp11 were among other recurrent lesions identified. Aberrations were also observed in individual patients, involving regions containing known leukemia-associated genes; CDKN2A/2B, IKZF1, RB1, TLX1, AFF4. CML patients in late stages of their disease, harbor pre-existing and evolving sub-microscopic CNAs that may influence disease progression and IM response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/drug therapy; Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/genetics; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
  19. Hybrid acute leukaemia--a report of 3 cases
    Ng SC, Wong TK, Lin HP
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Nov;18(6):721-3.
    PMID: 2624424
    The simultaneous expression of both lymphoid and myeloid phenotypic features in acute leukaemia is rare. We report 3 cases of biphenotypic hybrid acute leukaemia seen in our institution. All 3 patients achieved remission with treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia but two subsequently relapsed while on treatment. The hybrid acute leukaemias are important areas for further research both for delineation of basic biology and choice of optimal treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology*
  20. Unexpected infant death secondary to a pulmonary infiltration due to acute myelocytic leukaemia
    Ben Khelil M, Chkirbene Y, Mlika M, Haouet S, Hamdoun M
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Aug;39(2):193-196.
    PMID: 28866704
    Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) often presents with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, anaemia or infection. Pulmonary involvement is uncommon in AML during the course of the disease and is usually caused by infection, haemorrhage, leukaemic pulmonary infiltrates and leukostasis. Lung localization of AML is very uncommon and potentially life threatening if not diagnosed and treated rapidly. The authors describe the sudden death of an asymptomatic five-month-infant because of a misdiagnosed lung localization of AML. Autopsy examination followed by histopathological studies showed an extensive leukostasis and extramedullary leukaemic infiltrating the lungs. Special stains and immunohistochemical studies revealed findings consistent with acute myelogenous leukaemia. This case suggests that underlying acute leukaemia should be considered as a cause of flu-like symptoms in infants. Medical personnel are urged to be alert to fever, sore throat, weakness and dyspnea that may be characteristic of serious systemic diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology*
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