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Fulltext Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression Symptoms in Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in Kazakhstan

Turdaliyeva B, Karibayeva I, Bagiyarova F, Zainal NZ, Kussainova D

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022 Jul 01;23(7):2483-2489.
PMID: 35901357 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.7.2483

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with the presence of psychological disorders including depression. There is a lack of study examining the prevalence of depression among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Kazakhstan.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors of depression symptoms in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.
METHODS: 162 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at the oncology center in Almaty were recruited for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical information and the Beck Depression Inventory-II scale.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 54.41 years (SD=8.1). 95% of participants had unilateral breast cancer, and 79% of participants had stage I or stage II breast cancer. 73% of patients said that they do not have reliable social support. 46% of patients had symptoms of moderate depression, and 31% of patients had symptoms of severe depression. According to the multivariate analysis, factors associated with depression symptoms were: social status, household income level, reliability of social support, and stage of breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression symptoms is very high among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Unemployed or retired patients, with a lower household income, and no reliable social support diagnosed with an advanced stage of breast cancer are especially at high risk for developing depression.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan/epidemiology
Assessing the effects of time-dependent restrictions and control actions to flatten the curve of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan

Do TD, Gui MM, Ng KY

PeerJ, 2021;9:e10806.
PMID: 33604187 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10806

This article presents the assessment of time-dependent national-level restrictions and control actions and their effects in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. By analysing the transmission dynamics during the first wave of COVID-19 in the country, the effectiveness of the various levels of control actions taken to flatten the curve can be better quantified and understood. This in turn can help the relevant authorities to better plan for and control the subsequent waves of the pandemic. To achieve this, a deterministic population model for the pandemic is firstly developed to take into consideration the time-dependent characteristics of the model parameters, especially on the ever-evolving value of the reproduction number, which is one of the critical measures used to describe the transmission dynamics of this pandemic. The reproduction number alongside other key parameters of the model can then be estimated by fitting the model to real-world data using numerical optimisation techniques or by inducing ad-hoc control actions as recorded in the news platforms. In this article, the model is verified using a case study based on the data from the first wave of COVID-19 in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The model is fitted to provide estimates for two settings in simulations; time-invariant and time-varying (with bounded constraints) parameters. Finally, some forecasts are made using four scenarios with time-dependent control measures so as to determine which would reflect on the actual situations better.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan
Fulltext Prevalence of Anxiety Symptoms in Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in Kazakhstan and Its Associated Factors

Karibayeva I, Turdaliyeva B, Zainal NZ, Bagiyarova F, Kussainova D

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022 Aug 01;23(8):2813-2819.
PMID: 36037138 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.8.2813

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with high psychological distress. There is a lack of studies examining the prevalence of anxiety among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Kazakhstan.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the mean prevalence and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors of anxiety symptoms in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. It also aims to determine independent predictors of anxiety risk.
METHODS: An analysis of 162 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at the oncology institute in Almaty was performed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on social, demographic, and clinical information, as well as the Beck Anxiety Inventory. In addition, multiple regression analysis was used to model the relationship between anxiety risk and independent predictors.
RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 54.41 years (SD=8.1; min.-max: 32-75). The majority of the patients were married (52%), employed or self-employed (51%), had children (91%), had a bachelor's or a graduate degree (50%), lived in an urban area (54%), did not drink (41%), did not smoke (67%), did not engage in physical activity (54%), and had social support (91%). A total of 48% of patients had symptoms of moderate anxiety, and 33% had symptoms of severe anxiety. Based on the multivariate analysis, factors associated with a lower risk of anxiety symptoms included higher household income (OR -2.21 (95 CI: -1.35, -3.07)) and having reliable social support (OR -2.93 (95% CI: -2.25, -3.61)).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms is very high among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Anxiety is more likely to develop in patients from low-income households and those without reliable social support.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan/epidemiology
Fulltext Development and validation of a new short-form Health Literacy Instrument (HLS-SF12) for the general public in six Asian countries

Duong TV, Aringazina A, Kayupova G, Nurjanah, Pham TV, Pham KM, et al.

Health Lit Res Pract, 2019 Apr;3(2):e91-e102.
PMID: 31294310 DOI: 10.3928/24748307-20190225-01

Background: No comprehensive short-form health literacy (HL) survey tool has been available for general use across Asia.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a short-form HL instrument derived from the 47-item European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47).

Methods: A population survey (N = 10,024) was conducted from 2013 to 2015 using the HLS-EU-Q47 in 1,029 participants from Indonesia, 1,845 from Kazakhstan, 462 from Malaysia, 1,600 from Myanmar, 3,015 from Taiwan, and 2,073 from Vietnam. Validation of the short form was evaluated by principle component analysis, internal consistency, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis.

Key Results: Based on responses from six countries, a 12-item short-form HL questionnaire (HLS-SF12) was developed, retaining the conceptual framework of the HLS-EU-Q47 and accounting for the high variance of the full-form (i.e., 90% in Indonesia, 91% in Myanmar, 93% in Malaysia, 94% in Taiwan, and 95% in both Kazakhstan and Vietnam). The HLS-SF12 was demonstrated to have adequate psychometric properties, including high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .85), good criterion-related validity, a moderate and high level of item-scale convergent validity, no floor or ceiling effect, and good model-data-fit throughout the populations in these countries.

Conclusions: The HLS-SF12 was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for HL surveys in the general public in six Asian countries. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2019;3(2):e90-e102.].

Plain Language Summary: A health literacy survey was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in six Asian countries using the European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). The collected data were used to develop and validate a comprehensive short-form questionnaire. A health literacy questionnaire with 12 items (HLS-SF12) that retains the original conceptual framework of the HLS-EU-Q47 was demonstrated to be reliable and valid.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan
Fulltext The primary health care performance initiative (PHCPI): Issues and challenges for Malaysia as a trailblazer country

Anis Safura Ramli, Sri Wahyu Taher, Zainal Fitri Zakaria, Norsiah Ali, Nurainul Hana Shamsuddin, Wong Ping Foo, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2019;4(1):4-21.
MyJurnal

A strong and robust Primary Health Care system is essential to achieving universal health
coverage and to save lives. The Global Conference on Primary Health Care 2018: from Alma-Ata towards achieving Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals at
Astana, Kazakhstan provided a platform for low‐ and middle‐ income countries to join the
Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI). At this Global Conference, Malaysia has
declared to become a Trailblazer Country in the PHCPI and pledged to monitor her Vital Signs
Profiles (VSP). However, the VSP project requires an honest and transparent data collection
and monitoring of the Primary Health Care system, so as to identify gaps and guide policy in
support of Primary Health Care reform. This is a huge commitment and can only be materialised
if there is a collaborative partnership between Primary Care and Public Health providers.
Fundamental to all of these, is the controversy concerning whether or not ‘Primary Care’ and
‘Primary Health Care’ represent the same entity. Confusion also occurs with regards to the role
of ‘Primary Care’ and ‘Public Health’ providers in the Malaysian Primary Health Care system.
This review aims to differentiate between Primary Care, Primary Health Care and Public Health,
describe the relationships between the three entities and redefine the role of Primary Care and
Public Health in the PHCPI-VSP in order to transform the Malaysian Primary Health Care
system.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan
Fulltext Sales of anti-cancer medicines; China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand

Ferrario A, Stephens P, Guan X, Ross-Degnan D, Wagner A

Bull World Health Organ, 2020 Jul 01;98(7):467-474.
PMID: 32742032 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.19.243998

OBJECTIVE: To assess sales of anti-cancer medicines in the 2017 World Health Organization's WHO Model list of essential medicines in China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand from 2007 (2008 for Kazakhstan and Malaysia) to 2017.
METHODS: We extracted sales volume data for 39 anti-cancer medicines from the IQVIA database. We divided the total quantity sold by the reference defined daily dose to estimate the total number of defined daily doses sold, per country per year, for three types of anti-cancer therapies (traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy). We adjusted these data by the number of new cancer cases in each country for each year.
FINDINGS: We observed an increase in sales across all types of anti-cancer therapies in all countries. The largest number of defined daily doses of traditional chemotherapy per new cancer case was sold in Thailand; however, the largest relative increase per new cancer case occurred in Indonesia (9.48-fold). The largest absolute and relative increases in sales of defined daily doses of targeted therapies per new cancer case occurred in Kazakhstan. Malaysia sold the largest number of adjusted defined daily doses of endocrine therapies in 2017, while China and Indonesia more than doubled their adjusted sales volumes between 2007 and 2017.
CONCLUSION: The use of sales data can fill an important knowledge gap in the use of anti-cancer medicines, particularly during periods of insurance coverage expansion. Combined with other data, sales volume data can help to monitor efforts to improve equitable access to essential medicines.

Matched MeSH terms: Kazakhstan/epidemiology