MyMedR

Milne JC

Malayan Medical Journal, 1934;9:31-9.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Is There an Increasing Incidence of Gastroesophageal Junctional Adenocarcinoma and Barrett Esophagus in Asia? A Review of Diagnostic Conundrums

Tan PO, Soh AYS, Kusano C, Lee YY, Gotoda T

Digestion, 2022;103(1):37-44.

PMID: 34781299 DOI: 10.1159/000519922

BACKGROUND: Epidemiology data of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers in Asia are extremely scarce. It is hardly registered by any cancer registry in the region, and only a few reports are available. Based on existing literature works, the overall trend indicates similar or gradually increasing GEJ cancers in Asia but comparably less than the West. The increasing trend in Asia is likely a result of rising risk factors, especially of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity.

SUMMARY: However, epidemiology data may be misleading due to several contentious diagnostic issues. The diagnostic conundrums are due to inherent complexity of the GEJ as a functional and pathological unit. Challenging diagnostic issues in Asia include the following: nonstandardized landmark of the GEJ, misclassification of Barrett esophagus, targeted versus nontargeted tissue sampling, histopathology disagreement and challenges in screening or surveillance of dysplastic BE and early GEJ cancer. The recent Asian-Pacific survey led by the Asian Barrett Consortium (ABC) has provided useful insights into these contentious issues. A key learning point from these diagnostic limitations is that the awareness of the disease and adherence to existing recommendations or guidelines are poor in the region. Key Messages: Standardization in diagnostic methodology is vital for accurate epidemiology data, and this can only come from better awareness and adherence through educational and international efforts. Last, surveillance strategy may need a paradigm shift from a purely diagnostic approach to a combined targeted surveillance and treatment approach using novel endoscopic techniques.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Notes on the incidence of filariasis in Province Wellesley North

Strahan JH, Norris VH

Malayan Medical Journal, 1934;9:44-7.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Incidence of diabetes mellitus in Malaya

PILLAY RP, HIN LE

Med J Malaya, 1960 Jun;14:242-4.

PMID: 13735753

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Basal Stem Rot of Oil Palm: The Pathogen, Disease Incidence, and Control Methods

Zakaria L

Plant Dis, 2023 Mar;107(3):603-615.

PMID: 35819350 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-22-0358-FE

Basal stem rot of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease of oil palm in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other oil-palm-producing countries. Economic losses caused by the disease can be up to USD500 million a year. For many years, basal stem rot was found to infect older palm trees of more than 25 to 30 years in age. Only in the 1950s, the disease began to appear in much younger palm trees, 10 to 15 years old, and, in the last decade or so, palm trees as young as 1 year were infected by the disease. The highest incidence occurs in coastal areas of Southeast Asia but the disease has now infected oil palm in inland areas, mainly oil palm planted in peat soils. Disease incidence is also high in areas previously growing coconut or forest. Basal stem rot infection and spread occur through root-to-root contact, and basidiospores that colonize the roots also play a role. In the early stages of infection by G. boninense, the pathogen behaves as a biotroph and later as a necrotroph, secreting cell-wall-degrading enzymes and triggering host defense responses. Genes, gene products, and metabolic pathways involved in oil palm defense mechanisms against G. boninense have been identified and these metabolites have the potential to be used as markers for early detection of the disease. Integrated disease management used to control basal stem rot includes cultural practices, chemical control, and application of biocontrol agents or fertilizers. Early detection tools have also been developed that could assist in management of basal stem rot infections. Development of resistant or tolerant oil palm is still at an early stage; therefore, the existing integrated disease management practices remain the most appropriate methods for managing basal stem rot of oil palm.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Letter to the Editor From Sukor and Kamaruddin: "Higher Risk of Incident Hyperthyroidism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"

Sukor N, Kamaruddin NA

J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2024 Jul 12;109(8):e1675.

PMID: 38534024 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae189

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Impacts of asymmetric biotic interactions and environmental factors on the presence-absence of multispecies

Ojonubah, James Omaiye, Mohd Hafiz Mohd

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):245-261.

MyJurnal

Interactions between multispecies are usual incidence in their habitats. Such interactions among the species are thought to be asymmetric in nature, which combine with environmental factors can determine the distributions and abundances of the species. Most often, each species responds differentially to biotic interactions and environmental factors. Therefore, predicting the presence-absence of species is a major challenge in ecology. In this paper, we used mathematical modelling to study the combined effects of biotic interactions (i.e. asymmetric competition) and environmental factors on the presence-absence of the species across a geographical region. To gain better insight on this problem, we performed invasion and numerical simulation analyses of the model of multispecies competitive dynamics. Different threshold values of competition coefficients were observed, which result in different phenomena; such as coexistence of species and priority effects. Consequently, we propose that asymmetric biotic interactions, combined with environmental factors can allow coexistence of relatively weak and strong species at the same location x.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

The relative incidence of albuminuria among cases of benign tertian, sub-tertian and quatian malaria

Green R

Malayan Medical Journal, 1929;4:63-65.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for Tinnitus

Biswas R, Hall DA

Curr Top Behav Neurosci, 2021;51:3-28.

PMID: 32840860 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_154

How many people are affected by tinnitus? Is the risk of developing tinnitus on the rise or has it been declining over time? What modifiable lifestyle factors could help to prevent tinnitus? These population-based questions can be addressed through epidemiological research. Epidemiology refers to the underlying and basic science of public health. It describes the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems. There are two key concepts in epidemiology: (1) measures of frequency and (2) measures of effect. In this chapter, we introduce the two main measures of frequency, prevalence and incidence. We also introduce the notion of risk factors, critical for understanding measures of effect concerning the risk of developing a health condition. In both sections, we provide illustrative examples from the published literature on tinnitus. We end by offering a critical evaluation of the current status of epidemiological research on tinnitus and point to some promising future directions.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Postural Control and Gait Performance in the Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review

Mustapa A, Justine M, Mohd Mustafah N, Jamil N, Manaf H

Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:9305025.

PMID: 27525281

Purpose. The aim of this paper is to review the published studies on the characteristics of impairments in the postural control and gait performance in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods. A review was performed by obtaining publication of all papers reporting on the postural control and gait performance in DPN from Google Scholar, Ovid, SAGE, Springerlink, Science Direct (SD), EBSCO Discovery Service, and Web of Science databases. The keywords used for searching were "postural control," "balance," "gait performance," "diabetes mellitus," and "diabetic peripheral neuropathy." Results. Total of 4,337 studies were hit in the search. 1,524 studies were screened on their titles and citations. Then, 79 studies were screened on their abstract. Only 38 studies were eligible to be selected: 17 studies on postural control and 21 studies on the gait performance. Most previous researches were found to have strong evidence of postural control impairments and noticeable gait deficits in DPN. Deterioration of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems with the pathologic condition of diabetes on cognitive impairment causes further instability of postural and gait performance in DPN. Conclusions. Postural instability and gait imbalance in DPN may contribute to high risk of fall incidence, especially in the geriatric population. Thus, further works are crucial to highlight this fact in the hospital based and community adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Defining acute kidney injury in dengue viral infection by conventional and novel classification systems (AKIN and RIFLE): a comparative analysis

Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH, Jummaat F

Postgrad Med J, 2016 Feb;92(1084):78-86.

PMID: 26729887 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133582

Several criteria have been used to stratify acute kidney injury (AKI) in dengue infection and have resulted in variations in its incidence as well as clinic-laboratory characteristics. The current study was aimed to compare three commonly used criteria of AKI among patients with dengue.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Lymphangioma: Is intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy effective?

Rozman Z, Thambidorai RR, Zaleha AM, Zakaria Z, Zulfiqar MA

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 Jul-Sep;7(3):e18.

PMID: 22279495 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.3.e18

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy in the treatment of lymphangioma in children and to determine the incidence of complications in the treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Healthcare utilization and cost of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis management in Thailand

Dilokthornsakul P, Sawangjit R, Inprasong C, Chunhasewee S, Rattanapan P, Thoopputra T, et al.

J Postgrad Med, 2016 Apr-Jun;62(2):109-14.

PMID: 27089110 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.180571

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening dermatologic conditions. Although, the incidence of SJS/TEN in Thailand is high, information on cost of care for SJS/TEN is limited. This study aims to estimate healthcare resource utilization and cost of SJS/TEN in Thailand, using hospital perspective.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Microstructural Change and Cognitive Alteration in Maxillofacial Trauma and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Veeramuthu V, Hariri F, Narayanan V, Tan LK, Ramli N, Ganesan D

J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2016 Jun;74(6):1197.e1-1197.e10.

PMID: 26917201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.042

The aim of the present study was to establish the incidence of maxillofacial (MF) injury accompanying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the associated neurocognitive deficits and white matter changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Syncope in Malaysian populations

Sheldon RS

Clin Auton Res, 2020 04;30(2):101-103.

PMID: 31925588 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00663-3

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Multidisciplinary Approach for the Management of Mandibular Canines with Rare Configuration

Arora S, Gill GS, Abdulla AM, Saluja P, Baba SM, Khateeb SU, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Aug;12(Suppl 1):S635-S639.

PMID: 33149534 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_82_20

It is very rare (2%-6% cases) for a mandibular canine to have two root canals and the incidence of finding two roots with two root canals in a mandibular canine that too bilaterally is almost negligible. This case report discusses the presence and multidisciplinary management of such rarest configuration in both mandibular canines of a female patient. This case shows the importance of recognition of anatomical variations in successful accomplishment of root canal treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Obturator hernia: a rare condition with common surgical symptoms

Fitreena A.A., Shahidah C.A., Mohd. Nizam M.H., Wan Zainira W.Z., Wong, M.P.K.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(1):35-38.

MyJurnal

Hernia is a common surgical problem. However, worldwide
incidence of obturator hernia is

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Delivery of Therapeutics from Layer-by-Layer Electrospun Nanofiber Matrix for Wound Healing: An Update

Jeckson TA, Neo YP, Sisinthy SP, Gorain B

J Pharm Sci, 2021 02;110(2):635-653.

PMID: 33039441 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.003

Increasing incidences of chronic wounds urge the development of effective therapeutic wound treatment. As the conventional wound dressings are found not to comply with all the requirements of an ideal wound dressing, the development of alternative and effective dressings is demanded. Over the past few years, electrospun nanofiber has been recognized as a better system for wound dressing and hence has been studied extensively. Most of the electrospun nanofiber dressings were fabricated as single-layer structure mats. However, this design is less favorable for the effective healing of wounds mainly due to its burst release effect. To address this problem and to simulate the organized skin layer's structure and function, a multilayer structure of wound dressing had been proposed. This design enables a sustained release of the therapeutic agent(s), and more resembles the natural skin extracellular matrix. Multilayer structure is also referred to layer-by-layer (LbL), which has been established as an innovative method of drug incorporation and delivery, combines a high surface area of electrospun nanofibers with the multilayer structure mat. This review focuses on LbL multilayer electrospun nanofiber as a superior strategy in designing an optimal wound dressing.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

A Hybrid Wavelet-Arima Model for Standardized Precipitation Index Drought Forecasting

Alfa Mohammed Salisu, Ani Shabri

MATEMATIKA, 2020;36(2):141-156.

MyJurnal

This paper proposes A Hybrid Wavelet-Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (W-ARIMA) model to explore the ability of the hybrid model over an ARIMA model. It combines two methods, a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and ARIMA model using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) drought data for forecasting drought modeling development. SPI data from January 1954 to December 2008 used was divided into two - (80%/20% for training/testing respectively). The results were compared with the conventional ARIMA model with Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Average Error (MAE) as an error measure. The results of the proposed method achieved the best forecasting performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

Fulltext Stability analysis and optimal control of covid-19 with convex incidence rate in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (Pakistan)

Khan A, Zarin R, Hussain G, Ahmad NA, Mohd MH, Yusuf A

Results Phys, 2021 Jan;20:103703.

PMID: 33520623 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103703

The dynamic of covid-19 epidemic model with a convex incidence rate is studied in this article. First, we formulate the model without control and study all the basic properties and results including local and global stability. We show the global stability of disease free equilibrium using the method of Lyapunov function theory while for disease endemic, we use the method of geometrical approach. Furthermore, we develop a model with suitable optimal control strategies. Our aim is to minimize the infection in the host population. In order to do this, we use two control variables. Moreover, sensitivity analysis complemented by simulations are performed to determine how changes in parameters affect the dynamical behavior of the system. Taking into account the central manifold theory the bifurcation analysis is also incorporated. The numerical simulations are performed in order to show the feasibility of the control strategy and effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

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