MyMedR

A review of histoplasmosis in Malaya

Ponnampalam JT

Med J Malaya, 1968 Jun;23(4):295-8.

PMID: 4235593

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/epidemiology*

HISTOPLASMIN SENSITIVITY INVESTIGATION IN THE THIRD DIVISION OF SARAWAK, BORNEO

SCHUMAN ND, MACKEY DM, SAFRIT HF

Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1963 Aug;88:261-3.

PMID: 14045234

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis*

Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as penile ulcer

Jayalakshmi P, Goh KL, Soo-Hoo TS, Daud A

Aust N Z J Med, 1990 Apr;20(2):175-6.

PMID: 2344324

A 59-year-old Chinese man presented with a three month history of penile ulcers and abdominal pain. Syphilis and a gastric malignancy were diagnosed clinically. Biopsy of the genital and stomach ulcers revealed histiocytic granulomata containing numerous intracellular fungal bodies. Histoplasma capsulatum was subsequently cultured from the penile ulcer. Antifungal therapy was instituted. However the patient's general condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within two weeks of admission. A post-mortem liver biopsy showed numerous intracellular fungi.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*

Histoplasmosis presenting with progressively worsening backache--a case report

Lachmanan SR, Haniza O, Hisham AN, Subramaniam J, Merican I

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2001 Nov;30(6):656-8.

PMID: 11817299

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral adrenal enlargement is often the result of disseminated malignant disease, and this diagnosis is particularly likely in a patient with severe weight loss. We describe a case with bilateral adrenal enlargement presenting with progressively worsening backache as a prominent symptom.

CLINICAL PICTURE: A 55-year-old man presented with intermittent low back pain which was progressively worsening, fever, anorexia, low back pain and a 10-kg weight loss. He had underlying diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease. He gave a history of travel to caves for worship. Clinically, the most significant findings included nodular lesions in the anterior fauces and left palatoglossal region. Computed tomographic scan revealed bilateral adrenal masses. Biopsies were taken from the palatal nodules, which revealed histiocytes with numerous histoplasma organisms.

TREATMENT: He was commenced on itraconazole 200 mg daily for a period of 9 months. There was a dramatic initial response with settling of his fever and this was followed by subjective improvement in his well-being.

OUTCOME: He is presently on follow-up and has completed 9 months of itraconazole therapy with resolution of all his symptoms and has gained about 10 kg of weight.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications*; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis; Histoplasmosis/drug therapy

Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with ileal perforation in a renal transplant recipient

Zainudin BM, Kassim F, Annuar NM, Lim CS, Ghazali AK, Murad Z

J Trop Med Hyg, 1992 Aug;95(4):276-9.

PMID: 1495124

A renal transplant patient presented with ileal perforation due to histoplasmosis 3 years after transplantation. Mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs were also affected by the disease. She was successfully treated with amphotericin B followed by ketoconazole.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*; Histoplasmosis/drug therapy

Oral histoplasmosis presenting as oral ulcer in a non-HIV patient

Rahman MT, Bakar NH, Philip R, Shamsudin AR

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2004 Jun;35(2):388-90.

PMID: 15691142

A 40-year-old man presented with chronic mouth ulcer for the last six months. Histopathological examination of the biopsy from the lesion confirmed a diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Although histoplasmosis commonly manifests in immunocompromized patients, like HIV, the present case was negative for HIV. Histoplasmosis is endemic in certain parts of the world and it is comparatively rare in the South Asian region, particularly Malaysia. Thirty-seven cases of histoplasmosis were reported from Malaysia (Ng and Siar, 1996), between July 1967 and October 1997. Despite the apparent rarity of the disease, clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the possibility of histoplasmosis when cases of oral ulcer are encountered.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*; Histoplasmosis/microbiology; Histoplasmosis/pathology

Fulltext Histoplasmosis of the larynx

Subramaniam S, Abdullah AHR, Hairuzah I

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):386-8.

PMID: 16379201

Primary histoplasmosis of the larynx is not a common disease. Most cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis results from hematogenous spread of disseminated histoplasmosis usually originating from pulmonary infection by Histoplasma capsulatum. We report a 52-year-old male chronic smoker who had prolonged hoarseness and was initially diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma. However, biopsy of the laryngeal mucosa confirmed the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. There were no signs of pulmonary or systemic involvement. Treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was given for a week and oral ketaconazole was given for a month with complete resolution of symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/pathology*

Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis mimicking miliary tuberculosis: a case report

Chan KS, Looi LM, Chan SP

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Dec;15(2):155-8.

PMID: 8065179

A 35-year-old Chinese man who was known to have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted for fever and weight loss. During his hospital stay, he fell to his death from his ward at the twelfth floor. The clinical features, radiological findings and gross organ changes at autopsy closely simulated miliary tuberculosis. Histology, however, revealed extensive necrosis of the adrenal glands, lungs, spleen, kidneys and thyroid associated with the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum organisms. This case highlights the similarity both clinically and pathologically between histoplasmosis and tuberculosis and emphasizes the need to be aware of this infection in a nonendemic area among patients with a compromised immune system.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/pathology*

Concurrent amoebic and histoplasma colitis: a rare cause of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Koh PS, Roslani AC, Vimal KV, Shariman M, Umasangar R, Lewellyn R

World J Gastroenterol, 2010 Mar 14;16(10):1296-8.

PMID: 20222177

Infective colitis can be a cause of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding requiring acute surgical intervention. Causative organisms include entamoeba and histoplasma species. However, concurrent colonic infection with both these organisms is very rare, and the in vivo consequences are not known. A 58-year-old male presented initially to the physicians with pyrexia of unknown origin and bloody diarrhea. Amoebic colitis was diagnosed based on biopsies, and he was treated with metronidazole. Five days later, the patient developed massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding with hemorrhagic shock. Emergency total colectomy with end-ileostomy was performed. However, he deteriorated and died on the second postoperative day. Histopathological examination revealed multiple deep ulcers at the hepatic flexure where fungal bodies of mycelial and yeast forms were noted. Isolated lymph nodes showed abscess formation with fungal bodies. Infective fungal colitis with Histoplasma capsilatum was diagnosed. In vitro, amoebic parasites can increase virulence and pathogenicity of histoplasma which may account for the fulminant presentation in this patient. Although rare, this unusual dual infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infective colitis, as appropriate antimicrobial treatment may prevent progression to massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding, obviating the need for urgent surgical intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications*

Primary mucocutaneous histoplasmosis

Dutt AK, Garai BK

Med J Malaya, 1970 Mar;24(3):231-3.

PMID: 4246808

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*

THE ISOLATION OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM FROM A PATIENT IN A CHEST HOSPITAL

PONNAMPALAM JT

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Mar;18:201-4.

PMID: 14157186

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis*

An outbreak of histoplasmosis among healthy young Japanese women after traveling to Southeast Asia

Ohno H, Ogata Y, Suguro H, Yokota S, Watanabe A, Kamei K, et al.

Intern. Med., 2010;49(5):491-5.

PMID: 20190491

Histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, is an endemic mycosis in many countries of the world except for Japan. Outbreaks of histoplasmosis among Japanese people are very rare and are mainly imported by travelers. We report an outbreak of histoplasmosis among healthy Japanese people who traveled to a resort area in Southeast Asia. Three young Japanese women traveled to Langkawi island, Malaysia and stayed on the island for five days without visiting caves, a known reservoir of H. capsulatum. All three individuals developed flu-like symptoms with multiple nodule shadows on chest X rays or chest CT scans at around ten days after their return to Japan. Serum samples obtained from the three subjects were positive for anti-Histoplasma antibody and specific PCR for H. capsulatum on lung biopsy specimens and the serum from one patient was positive. The clinical course of all three patients improved without the use of anti-fungal agents and no recurrence has been confirmed. Clinical attendants should consider histoplasmosis when they see patients with flu-like symptoms with abnormal chest X-rays after visiting H. capsulatum endemic areas, especially Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*; Histoplasmosis/drug therapy; Histoplasmosis/epidemiology*

Occurrence of histoplasmosis in Asia

Randhawa HS

Mycopathol Mycol Appl, 1970;41(1):75-89.

PMID: 4938836

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/diagnosis; Histoplasmosis/epidemiology*; Histoplasmosis/veterinary

Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with chronic ulcerative tongue lesions in a patient with diabetes

Hasmoni MH, Shah AS, Ayoub S, Hin LS, Abd Rashid MA

BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.

PMID: 22791841 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.06.2010.3120

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*

Fulltext Adrenal histoplasmosis in Cushing's syndrome with bilateral adrenocortical nodular hyperplasia

Tan TT, Choy YW, Norizan MA, Meah F, Khalid BA

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Jun;45(2):154-8.

PMID: 2152020

Adrenal histoplasmosis in Cushing's syndrome of adrenal origin is rare. A patient with Cushing's disease with bilateral nodular hyperplasia and histoplasmosis of both the adrenal glands is described. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was only made post operatively as the constitutional manifestations, besides being partially masked by hypercortisolism also resemble those of tuberculosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications*; Histoplasmosis/surgery

Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis from a calcified lung nodule after long-term corticosteroid therapy in an elderly Japanese patient: A case report

Kobayashi K, Asakura T, Kawada I, Hasegawa H, Chubachi S, Ohara K, et al.

Medicine (Baltimore), 2019 Apr;98(17):e15264.

PMID: 31027078 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015264

RATIONALE: Histoplasmosis occurs most commonly in Northern and Central America and Southeast Asia. Increased international travel in Japan has led to a few annual reports of imported histoplasmosis. Healed sites of histoplasmosis lung infection may remain as nodules and are often accompanied by calcification. Previous studies in endemic areas supported the hypothesis that new infection/reinfection, rather than reactivation, is the main etiology of symptomatic histoplasmosis. No previous reports have presented clinical evidence of reactivation.

PATIENT CONCERNS: An 83-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized with general fatigue and high fever. He had been treated with prednisolone at 13 mg/d for 7 years because of an eczematous skin disease. He had a history of travel to Los Angeles, Egypt, and Malaysia 10 to 15 years prior to admission. Five years earlier, computed tomography (CT) identified a solitary calcified nodule in the left lingual lung segment. The nodule size remained unchanged throughout a 5-year observation period. Upon admission, his respiratory condition remained stable while breathing room air. CT revealed small, randomly distributed nodular shadows in the bilateral lungs, in addition to the solitary nodule.

DIAGNOSIS: Disseminated histoplasmosis, based on fungal staining and cultures of autopsy specimens.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient's fever continued despite several days of treatment with meropenem, minocycline, and micafungin. Although he refused bone marrow aspiration, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and prednisolone were administered for a tentative diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis.

OUTCOMES: His fever persisted, and a laboratory examination indicated severe thrombocytopenia with disseminated intravascular coagulation. He died on day 43 postadmission. During autopsy, the fungal burden was noted to be higher in the calcified nodule than in the disseminated nodules of the lung, suggesting a pathogenesis involving endogenous reactivation of the nodule and subsequent hematogenous and lymphatic spread.

LESSONS: Physicians should consider histoplasmosis in patients with calcified nodules because the infection may reactivate during long-term corticosteroid therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/pathology*

Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as a non-healing tongue ulcer

Liam CK, Chua CT, Pathmanathan R

Singapore Med J, 1990 Jun;31(3):286-8.

PMID: 2392708

A 51-year old man presented with a persistent tongue ulcer, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. The diagnosis was initially thought to be tuberculosis. This led to the initiation of antituberculous chemotherapy to which the patient failed to respond. The correct diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made after the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum on further review of the tongue ulcer biopsy specimen. He responded to treatment with amphotericin B.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*

Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis in a non-immunocompromised child

Hasliza M, Nur Atiqah NA, Lim CB, Hussain IH

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):120-4.

PMID: 10972016

We describe a 2 year-old non-immunocompromised girl with disseminated histoplasmosis who presented with a 2-month history of fever and bloody diarrhoea. On presentation, she was severely wasted and anaemic. There were gross hepatosplenomegaly and multiple lymphadenopathy. A septic screen was negative. A subsequent stool culture isolated Salmonella enteriditis. Serial Widal-Weil Felix (WWF) titres showed serological response after 2 weeks of Ceftriaxone. However, she continued to have spiking fever, bloody diarrhoea and weight loss. She developed pancytopaenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine, and lymph node biopsy showed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum, confirmed by Gomori-Methenamine Silver staining. She responded to intravenous amphotericin B followed by fluconazole (intravenous then oral) for 6 months after discharge. Human Immunodeficiency Virus screening tests were negative. Complement and immunoglobulin levels were normal. T and B enumeration tests showed gross leucopaenia with very low T cell function with defective phagocytic function. A repeat T and B cell enumeration test and phagocytic function tests done 3 months later were normal.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/complications; Histoplasmosis/drug therapy; Histoplasmosis/immunology*; Histoplasmosis/microbiology

Fulltext Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis: endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration as a method of diagnosis and assessment

Khairul Azhar J, Jacqueline HSG, Tony LKH, Tan BH, Steven JM

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):504-6.

PMID: 22390113

We report a case of a healthy 78-year-old indonesian man who presented with chronic weight loss, poor appetite and lethargy. CT abdomen showed bilateral adrenal masses. EUS-guided FNA was performed on the left adrenal gland. Histopathology report was Histoplasma Capsulatum. He recovered well with antifungal treatment without any complication. In this case, we found that the role of EUS -guided FNA was not only limited to diagnosis but also helped in the prognosis of the disease since the method was able to assess the general anatomy of the adrenal gland better than other imaging modalities due to its close proximity and direct visualization.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/diagnosis*; Histoplasmosis/microbiology*

Review of oral histoplasmosis in Malaysians

Ng KH, Siar CH

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 1996 Mar;81(3):303-7.

PMID: 8653464

We reviewed biopsy records for 37 cases of oral histoplasmosis for patient characteristics, clinical features, and histopathologic findings. These represented cases diagnosed in the Division of Stomatology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur between July 1967 and October 1994. All were male patients who ranged in age from 11 to 79 years (mean age, 56.7 years). There were 40.6% Malays, 37.8% Chinese, 18.9% Indians, and 2.7% other races. Five patients with mouth lesions as the initial presenting lesions were proven to be cases of disseminated histoplasmosis. In the remaining cases apart from the biopsy-proven oral histoplasmosis lesions, the extent of the disease elsewhere was unknown. The majority of these lesions involved the gingiva, tongue, and palate in decreasing order of frequency. The most frequent presenting symptom was oral mucosal ulceration. Squamous cell carcinoma and tuberculosis were the two most common clinical differential diagnoses. Our present findings compare favorably with published reports from other regions.

Matched MeSH terms: Histoplasmosis/epidemiology*; Histoplasmosis/pathology

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