Displaying all 9 publications

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  1. Rajakumar MK, Ngeow YF, Khor BS, Lim KF
    Sex Transm Dis, 1988 1 1;15(1):25-6.
    PMID: 3162781
    Forty-three patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated with 400 mg of ofloxacin. All had cultures negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae at follow-up within two weeks of treatment. Minimal side effects were reported. Ofloxacin appears to be satisfactory as a single-dose oral drug for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, including those cases caused by penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  2. Bakar R, Lim VKE
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Dec;36(4):202-4.
    PMID: 7334952
    One hundred and eight consecutive previously untreated males with gonococcal urethritis were treated with single-dose oral ampicillin under supervision. A high failure-rate of 41.5 percent was obtained. The main cause of failure was the high incidence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae - an overall incidence of 37.2 percent was obtained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  3. Lim HB
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):182-4.
    PMID: 6672557
    A consecutive series of 56 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with 2 gm of kanamycin intramuscularly. Twenty (35.7 per cent) specimens of gonococcus were PPNG, while 36 (64.3 per cent) were non-PPNG. An overall failure rate of 12.2 per cent was observed. Further breakdown showed failure rate of 20 per cent with PPNG and 7.7 per cent with non PPNG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  4. Lim VKE, Bakar R, Hussin Z
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):235-8.
    PMID: 6757686
    Forty-two previously untreated male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with a single dose oral regimen comprising 3 gm ofamoxycillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid. Thirty-five patients returned for follow-up and the cure rate among them was 89 percent. The cure rate for patients infected with penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was 73 percent. Further work is required to establish the optimum dosage for this particular regimen.

    Study site: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic at the Faculty of Medicine,
    Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  5. Ngeow YF, Ramachandran S, Cheong YM
    Sex Transm Dis, 1991 7 1;18(3):192-4.
    PMID: 1948519
    Between January and August, 1989, 36 men and 28 women with uncomplicated lower genital tract infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae were given single intramuscular injections of sulbactam (500 mg)/ampicillin (1000 mg) together with 1 g oral probenecid. Cure rates that were obtained were 100% for women, 97.2% for men, 100% for patients with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), and 98.4% for patients with non-PPNG. No serious side effects were encountered, and patient acceptance of the drug was good. A high proportion of patients had concurrent chlamydial infection. Sulbactam/ampicillin was found to be effective against gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis by both PPNG and non-PPNG but have little effect on concomitant chlamydial infections, especially in women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  6. Koay AS, My R, Cheong YM
    J Clin Microbiol, 1996 Jul;34(7):1863-5.
    PMID: 8784614
    Between 1992 and 1994, 253 tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) strains were isolated and characterized by auxotype and serogroup (A/S) classes to study TRNG prevalence in different years. TRNG accounted for 28.1, 42.5, and 51.9% of the strains isolated in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively, showing a significant increase in each successive year (chi square = 26.7, P < 0.001). There was no significant increase in penicillinase-producing TRNG, which accounted for 53.1, 53.8, and 63.2% of the TRNG isolates. The 253 TRNG isolates belonged to 53 A/S classes. Eighteen A/S classes not observed in 1992 were detected in 1993, and 11 A/S classes not observed in 1992 and 1993 were isolated in 1994, indicating dissemination of the tetracycline resistance gene among the N. gonorrhoeae strains in Malaysia. Its emergence and subsequent rapid spread are alarming. The plasmid is capable of self-transfer (S.A. Morse, S.R. Johnson, J.W. Biddle, and M.C. Roberts, J. Infect. Dis. 155:819-822, 1987), allowing further dissemination of tetracycline resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy
  7. Cheong LL, Chan RK, Nadarajah M
    Genitourin Med, 1992 Aug;68(4):260-2.
    PMID: 1328033
    To study the effectiveness of single-dose pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  8. Lim HB
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):272-4.
    PMID: 6400040
    Sixty patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were treated with a single dose oral regime comprising 3 g of cefaclor and 1 g of probenecid. Forty-eight patients (80%) returned for follow-up and the overall cure rate among them was 91.6%. Among the isolates, 25 (41.7%) showed penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. The cure rate for patients infected with PPNG was 85% while the cure rate for non-PPNG was 96.4%. Further work is required to establish the optimum dosage for this particular regimen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
  9. George CRR, Enriquez RP, Gatus BJ, Whiley DM, Lo YR, Ishikawa N, et al.
    PLoS One, 2019;14(4):e0213312.
    PMID: 30943199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213312
    BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global concern, with the ongoing emergence of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance threatening current treatment paradigms. To monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, the World Health Organization (WHO) Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) has operated in the Western Pacific and South East Asian regions since 1992. The true burden of antimicrobial resistance remains unknown. In response, the objective of this study was to survey ceftriaxone and azithromycin susceptibility in N. gonorrhoeae across the western Pacific and south-east Asia, and interlink this data with systematically reviewed reports of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance.

    METHODS AND FINDINGS: The WHO Collaborating Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Sydney, coordinated annual surveys of gonococcal susceptibilities with participating laboratories, and additionally undertook a systematic review of reports detailing gonococcal ceftriaxone and azithromycin susceptibility data for locations geographically in the Asia Pacific from 2011 to 2016. It was found that surveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance remains limited in the Asia Pacific, with weaker surveillance of azithromycin versus ceftriaxone. Ninety-three published reports were identified (including national reports) which documented susceptibility data for ceftriaxone and azithromycin. GASP survey data was available for 21 countries, territories or areas, and suggested MICs are increasing for ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Between 2011 and 2016, the percentage of locations reporting >5% of gonococcal isolates with MICs to ceftriaxone meeting WHO's definition of decreased susceptibility (MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/L) increased from 14.3% to 35.3% and the percentage of locations reporting >5% of gonococcal isolates with azithromycin resistance (MIC ≥ 1 mg/L) increased from 14.3% to 38.9%. Published reports were available for several countries that did not provide GASP surveillance responses for ceftriaxone (n = 5) and azithromycin (n = 3) respectively. Over the study period, there was a 183% increase in the number of countries providing surveillance data for GASP for both ceftriaxone and azithromycin, and a 30.6% increase in ceftriaxone MIC testing across the Asia Pacific facilitated by this project.

    CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive illustration of increasing MICs to ceftriaxone in the Asia Pacific. The survey and literature review additionally detail increasing resistance to azithromycin. Further surveillance system strengthening is required to monitor these trends in order to address and curb gonococcal AMR in the region.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gonorrhea/drug therapy*
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