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Fulltext The impact of roadway conditions towards accident severity on federal roads in Malaysia

Musa MF, Hassan SA, Mashros N

PLoS One, 2020;15(7):e0235564.
PMID: 32628689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235564

The fatal accidents on the roads remain a global concern. Daily, approximately 18 traffic accidents occur in the Peninsular Malaysia that cause on an average one death in every hour, a situation that needs preventive measures. The development of the effective strategies to reduce such fatal accidents requires the identification of various risk factors including the road condition. We identified such accident severity issues using the public work and police department databases that consisted of 1067 cases of various severity levels occurred on the Malaysian federal roads during 2008 to 2015. These records were used to develop ordered logistic regression model for the accident severity and nine variables were analyzed. The results revealed that the presence of poor horizontal alignment affected the model outcomes. The likelihood of the more serious accident severity due to the poor horizontal alignment was correspondingly about 0.4 times less compared to the absence of such factors. It is established that the present findings may assist the local authorities to take proactive actions to prevent serious road accidents on the road segments possessing the standard horizontal alignment.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government*
Fulltext Improving medication safety in UK care homes: challenges and current perspective

Fahrni ML, Franklin BD, Rawaf S, Majeed A

JRSM Open, 2014 Feb;5(2):2042533313515475.
PMID: 25057369 DOI: 10.1177/2042533313515475

In the UK, there are policy and regulatory concerns regarding the governance of care homes and healthcare provision within these homes. From a public health perspective, these issues can pose significant challenges to the provision of safe and quality medication use services to care home residents. The objective of this paper is to highlight an important and neglected issue for the growing population of institutionalized older adults. We reviewed relevant literature for the years 2000 to present and identified recent efforts undertaken to improve medication safety standards in UK care homes. We consider the limitations and reasons for the National Health Service's restricted role and lack of leadership in providing medical services for this institutionalized population. The efforts taken by the Department of Health and other healthcare authorities targeting medication safety in care homes are also highlighted. In order to improve the quality of healthcare, specifically in areas related to medication safety and quality use of medicines, interventions need to be taken by the national government and similarly by local authorities and NHS commissioners.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
An 11-country study to benchmark the implementation of recommended nutrition policies by national governments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index, 2015-2018

Vandevijvere S, Barquera S, Caceres G, Corvalan C, Karupaiah T, Kroker-Lobos MF, et al.

Obes Rev, 2019 11;20 Suppl 2:57-66.
PMID: 30609260 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12819

The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) aims to assess the extent of implementation of recommended food environment policies by governments compared with international best practices and prioritize actions to fill implementation gaps. The Food-EPI was applied in 11 countries across six regions (2015-2018). National public health nutrition panels (n = 11-101 experts) rated the extent of implementation of 47 policy and infrastructure support good practice indicators by their government(s) against best practices, using an evidence document verified by government officials. Experts identified and prioritized actions to address implementation gaps. The proportion of indicators at "very low if any," "low," "medium," and "high" implementation, overall Food-EPI scores, and priority action areas were compared across countries. Inter-rater reliability was good (GwetAC2 = 0.6-0.8). Chile had the highest proportion of policies (13%) rated at "high" implementation, while Guatemala had the highest proportion of policies (83%) rated at "very low if any" implementation. The overall Food-EPI score was "medium" for Australia, England, Chile, and Singapore, while "very low if any" for Guatemala. Policy areas most frequently prioritized included taxes on unhealthy foods, restricting unhealthy food promotion and front-of-pack labelling. The Food-EPI was found to be a robust tool and process to benchmark governments' progress to create healthy food environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext Local Government Reference of Terms

Suzei Mat Nurudin, Nor Suhaiza Md Khalid, Zarina Mohd Zain

Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;4(1):79-97.
MyJurnal

The local government or also known as the local authority is the last tier and most important unit in the government’s administrative structure in Malaysia after the federal and state governments. Local government is fully responsible for the delivery of services as well as the provision of basic facilities to the local people within its administrative area that has been designated by the state government. The existence of local government acted as a facilitator to the federal government and the state government because the roles and responsibilities held by the local government are very large and essential to the nation’s development. This study discussed students’ understanding of local government where the average between people and students is particularly confused about the concepts that are often used in the local government as well as local government-related jurisdictions. With the creation of these Pocket Dictionary on local Government, Glossary of local government terms and QR Code Mode for Local Government Terms Word Index, it help students and the local people to better understand the local government in Malaysia by knowing the concepts related.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext The role of by laws in shaping the community's personality

Suzei Mat Nurudin, Nor Suhaiza Md Khalid, Zarina Mohd Zain

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):117-121.
MyJurnal

The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third level
of government after the state and federal governments. Each local government has their own power to
enact by-laws under their respective administration. By-laws is a formulation of the law under the
jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area
that has been identified by the state government. Some of the by-laws play a part in shaping the
personality of the community, especially in local government areas which are quite different approach
such as Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic Cities (MPKB-BRI). By-laws implemented by
MPKB-BRI are very different compared to other states in Malaysia which is the provisions of the bylaws
that suggests the aurat closure and appropriate clothing among traders, business premises owners
and local communities. The purpose of this study is to review the extent of the by-laws implemented by
MPKB-BRI to influence and shaping the personality of the local community in Kota Bharu district,
Kelantan.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext The policy effect of green finance reform and innovations: Empirical evidence at the firm level

Dong H, Tao M

PLoS One, 2022;17(12):e0278128.
PMID: 36454765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278128

The Chinese central government established eight pilot zones in five provinces for green finance reform and innovations (GFRI) in 2017. The pilot zones promote green finance development and explore the propagable and reproducible experiences regarding mechanisms and institutions. Adopting a sample of China's listed companies from 2012 to 2021, this paper constructed a quasi-natural experiment and investigated the GFRI policy's effect on firms' total factor productivity (TFP) using the difference-in-differences (DID) method to verify the implementation effect of the GFRI policy. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis and mechanism analysis were conducted to identify the guidance effect and deep mechanisms of the GFRI policy. The empirical results demonstrated that firms' TFP in pilot zones increased substantially after implementing the GFRI pilot policy, confirming that the policy had a strong incentive effect. The corresponding promoting effect was particularly significant for non-state-owned companies, the eastern and central regions, and firms in the growth stage. Further mechanism analysis revealed that the GFRI pilot policy can stimulated firms' TFP by promoting technological innovation and improving resource allocation efficiency. This paper's empirical findings are essential in improving relevant policies and expanding the pilot zones.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext Social health protection definition, financing, coverage

Aniza, I., Moshiri, H., Radnaa, O., Yondonjamts, M.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2010;10(1):38-46.
MyJurnal

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 stated that everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. Equity, solidarity and social justice are understood as basic characteristics of universal access to social health protection founded on burden sharing, risk pooling, empowerment and participation. It is up to national governments and institutions to put these values into practice. The financing of social health protection can be through a mixture of taxation and contributions to public and mandated private insurance. Through risk pooling, these funds provide for equity, solidarity and affordability of services. According to International Labour Organization (ILO), ultimate objective in social health protection is to achieve universal social health protection coverage defined as effective access to affordable health care of adequate quality and financial protection. Social protection plays a vital part in reducing the vulnerability of the poor so that they can fruitfully access health and education services.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Strategies for access to affordable hepatitis C testing and treatment in Asia

Khwairakpam G, Burry J

Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 2019 01;14(1):1-6.
PMID: 30480583 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000514

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With increasing availability of generic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and associated price reductions, various governments, multilateral institutions, and donors have started providing testing and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. More data on the quality of these generic medicines and on cost-effectiveness of their use are becoming widely available. This review seeks to describe some of the treatment programs for HCV that are evolving in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand.
RECENT FINDINGS: The quality of multiple generic DAAs has been shown to be bioequivalent to innovator formulations, with generic versions achieving high cure rates in real-world settings. Although published materials are limited, there is expanding experience with local pilot and national treatment programs which are largely being funded by national governments and other institutions.
SUMMARY: Countries and other public health stakeholders are recognizing the need to scale up HCV diagnosis and treatment programs using generic DAAs. However, local pilot or national treatment programs need to be massively expanded to eliminate HCV in high-burden areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Faith-based health care

McAdam D

Lancet, 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):429-30.
PMID: 26869565 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00169-0
Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Bioprospectors hunt for fair share of profits

Dalton R

Nature, 2004 Feb 12;427(6975):576.
PMID: 14961086
Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Fulltext Gender differences in the attitude and strategy towards weight control among government employees in Penang, Malaysia

Aina Mardiah B, Hazizi A, Nasir MM, Zaitun Y, Jan JH

Iran J Public Health, 2012;41(1):28-36.
PMID: 23113119

Background: This was a cross-sectional study on the gender differences in weight-control behavior. The strategies used, weight status, weight satisfaction, and proportion of individuals attempting to lose weight among 233 government employees (104 men and 129 women) working in the Federal Government Building in Penang, Malaysia, were assessed.
Methods: Anthropometric indicators such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage were measured to determine the subjects’ body weight status. A questionnaire covering the following items was used to assess weight-control behavior: social support, self-monitoring, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, planning, preparation/buying, portion control, social interactions, and cognitive behavioral strategies.
Results: About 50% of the subjects were classified as overweight. Based on percent body fat percentage, 70% of them were classified as having unhealthy levels of body fat. Women were found to be more dissatisfied with their current weight, and were more likely to attempt weight reduction compared to men. Women reported higher levels of social support for dieting and had better expectations for diet and exercise (P < 0.05). They also reported higher use of weight control strategies. For self-monitoring, although no gender-dependent differences (P > 0.05) were observed, women reported more frequent self-monitoring of diet, whereas men reported more frequent self-monitoring of exercise.
Conclusion: Health care professionals and researchers should be aware of the different strategies used by men and women in order to plan and/or implement community-wide weight management programmes.
Keywords: Weight Control, Body Weight Status, Diet, Exercise, Gender Differences

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Breaking open a closed system

Cyranoski D

Nature, 2005 Aug 11;436(7052):884-5.
PMID: 16136648
Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government
Perception of intensive care unit stressors in Malaysian Federal Territory hospitals

Soh KL, Soh KG, Ahmad Z, Abdul Raman R, Japar S

Contemp Nurse, 2008 Dec;31(1):86-93.
PMID: 19117504

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a therapeutic place for monitoring critically ill patients. However, it is a stressful area for the patients and it is causing them great anxiety. Previous studies have identified three groups of stressors in ICU namely; physical, psychological and environmental. The aims of this study were to determine the ICU stressors as experienced by patients and to determine the level of stressors felt by patients in ICU. A cross sectional study was done on 70 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. A face-to-face interview with structured questionnaire was used for patients. Data collection occurred from 15 December 2006 to 31 January 2007. The five major ICU stressors perceived by patients were pain, being stuck with needles, boredom, missing their spouses and being too hot/cold. The ICU physical stressors were the major items ranked by post ICU patients. The findings from this study provided a set of baseline information to the health care providers, particularly ICU nurses in Malaysia, with which to provide better care for the patients in ICU.

Matched MeSH terms: Federal Government