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How little luteal tissue of rats is needed to maintain pregnancy till term--an experimental verification

Chatterjee A, Chatterjee R

Acta Anat (Basel), 1992;144(4):329-31.
PMID: 1414199

Surgical reduction of luteal tissue to about 20% of its total mass on day 5 pc was found to maintain gestation till term. A high degree of fetal loss was, however, evident. An identical surgical manipulation at the end of maximal luteal maturity, that is, on day 16 pc, resulted in normal maintenance of gestation. Fetal growth and their survival rate were found to be comparable to controls. An exclusive surgical extirpation of corpora lutea, on the other hand, either on day 16, 17, 18 or 19 was found to cause 100% fetal loss by day 23. However, progesterone replacement therapy concurrently with surgical luteal ablation till day 20, or surgical extirpation of the entire luteal mass when shifted on day 20, led the pregnancy to term. Present experimental findings, therefore, suggest that only about 20% of the functionally matured luteal mass until day 20 is essentially enough to maintain an ideal pregnancy status till term.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum/physiology*; Corpus Luteum/surgery
Superovulation and egg recovery in goats in the tropics

Rosnina Y, Jainudeen MR, Nihayah M

Vet Rec, 1992 Feb 01;130(5):97-9.
PMID: 1557879

The superovulatory response to gonadotrophin treatment during different months of the year was investigated in Kambing kacang goats, a tropical breed, in Malaysia. Sixty-three cycling does, fitted with progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges for 17 days, received two days before sponge withdrawal, an intramuscular injection of either 10, 15 or 20 mg of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or 500, 1000 or 1500 iu of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). The dose of FSH was divided into four decreasing daily doses and each daily dose was subdivided into two and administered at 07.00 and 19.00. Fifty-four does detected in oestrus were mated with fertile bucks. The ovarian response was determined by laparoscopy and eggs were recovered surgically five or six days after oestrus. The ovulatory response (mean +/- standard deviation) based on corpora lutea was higher in the FSH (13.4 +/- 8.4 corpora lutea per doe, n = 20) than the eCG-treated groups (6.4 +/- 5.1 corpora lutea per doe, n = 25) but the difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Does responded to gonadotrophins throughout the year with more than 50 per cent of does responding during the rainy months compared with less than 35 per cent responding during the dry months. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Egg recovery was better in the FSH (6.8 +/- 5.3 per doe, n = 20) than the eCG groups (3.0 +/- 3.8 per doe, n = 21) but the difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum/drug effects; Corpus Luteum/physiology
Fulltext Histological changes of female reproductive organs subjected to different jumping exercise intensities and honey supplementation in rats

Mosavat M, Mohamed M, Ooi FK, Mirsanjari M, Mat Zin AA, Che Romli A

PeerJ, 2019;7:e7646.
PMID: 31565571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7646

Background: We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day.
Methods: A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH).
Results: The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E, and 80E. The myometrium thickness was significantly lower in 80E and significantly higher in 80EH compared to C, respectively. There was significantly higher myometrium thickness in 20EH and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E and H. The number of glands of the uterus in 20E and 80E was significantly lower than C. However, there was a significantly higher number of glands in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E. The numbers of uterus vessels were significantly lower in 80E compared to 20E. However, the numbers of vessels were significantly higher in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 80E. The number of ovarian haemorregia was significantly lower in 20E, 80E, H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to C. The number of corpora lutea was significantly lower in 80EH, H, 80E, and 20E compared to C. However, the number of corpora lutea was significantly higher in 20EH compared to J20 and H.
Conclusion: This study suggested that jumping exercises in particularly high-intensity exercise may induce histopathological changes in uterus and ovary in rats, and honey supplementation may ameliorate these effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum
Trio a novel bovine high-fecundity allele: II. Hormonal profile and follicular dynamics underlying the high ovulation rate

Garcia-Guerra A, Kamalludin MH, Kirkpatrick BW, Wiltbank MC

Biol Reprod, 2018 03 01;98(3):335-349.
PMID: 29425274 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox156

The newly discovered Trio high-fecundity allele produces multiple ovulations in cattle. This study evaluated (1) size and growth rates of follicles in Trio carriers during a synchronized follicular wave, induced by follicle aspiration; (2) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) patterns associated with the follicular wave; (3) size of corpora lutea (CL) and circulating progesterone; and (4) intrafollicular estradiol concentrations prior to normal deviation. Trio carriers had mean dominant follicles that were significantly smaller in diameter and volume than noncarriers. Onset of diameter deviation occurred at ∼3 days after the last follicle aspiration in both genotypes despite Trio carriers having much smaller individual follicles. Follicles of Trio carriers grew at a slower rate than noncarrier follicles (∼65% in mm/day or ∼30% in mm3/day) resulting in much smaller individual dominant follicles (∼25% volume). However, total dominant follicle volume, calculated as the sum of all dominant follicles in each animal, was similar in carriers and noncarriers of Trio throughout the entire follicular wave. Circulating FSH was greater in Trio carriers during the 24 h encompassing deviation. Trio carriers had significantly more ovulations than noncarriers, and individual CL volume was smaller, although total luteal tissue volume and circulating P4 were not different. Thus, increased ovulation rate in Trio carriers relates to smaller individual follicles (one-third the volume) near the time of deviation due to slower follicle growth rate, although time of deviation is similar, with increased circulating FSH near deviation leading to selection of multiple dominant follicles in Trio carriers with similar total follicle volume.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum/metabolism
Intraperitoneal haemorrhage from a ruptured corpus luteum. A cause of "acute abdomen" in women

Sivanesaratnam V, Singh A, Rachagan SP, Raman S

Med J Aust, 1986 Apr 14;144(8):411, 413-4.
PMID: 3959969

During the 10-year period 1974-1983, 68 patients with intraperitoneal haemorrhage as a result of the rupture of a corpus luteum were managed at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Most of the patients were aged between 18 and 35 years. In 63% of the patients the rupture occurred between the 14th and the 35th day of the menstrual cycle, and 10 patients had intraperitoneal bleeding severe enough (450-1500 mL) to require blood transfusion. The condition is often confused with other surgical emergencies such as appendicitis and ectopic pregnancy. An increased awareness of the problem in women of reproductive age and the use of laparoscopy, when indicated, will allow a more conservative approach to be adopted for those patients with minimal bleeding. The performance of an appendicectomy in the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity did not appear to increase morbidity in those patients with a preoperative diagnosis of "appendicitis".

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum*
Fulltext Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Dosage Based on Body Weight Enhances Ovulatory Responses and Subsequent Embryo Production in Goats

Rahman MR, Rahman MM, Wan Khadijah WE, Abdullah RB

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2014 Sep;27(9):1270-4.
PMID: 25178370 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13786

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) dosage based on body weight (BW) on ovarian responses of crossbred does. Thirty donor does were divided into 3 groups getting pFSH dosages of 3, 5, and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW, respectively, and were named as pFSH-3, pFSH-5 and pFSH-8, respectively. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device and a single injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). The pFSH treatments were administered twice a day through 6 decreasing dosages (25, 25, 15, 15, 10, and 10% of total pFSH amount; decreasing daily). Ovarian responses were evaluated on Day 7 after CIDR removal. After CIDR removal, estrus was observed 3 times in a day and pFSH treatments were initiated at 2 days before the CIDR removal. All does in pFSH-5 and pFSH-8 showed estrus signs while half of the does in pFSH-3 showed estrus signs. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on the corpus luteum and total ovarian stimulation among the treatment groups, while total and transferable embryos were higher (p<0.05) in pFSH-5 (7.00 and 6.71) than pFSH-3 (3.00 and 2.80) and pFSH-8 (2.00 and 1.50), respectively. In conclusion, 5 mg pFSH per kg BW dosage gave a higher number of embryos than 3 and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW dosages. The results indicated that the dosage of pFSH based on BW is an important consideration for superovulation in goats.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum
Fulltext Inhibition of progesterone secretion by oestradiol administered in the luteal phase of assisted conception cycles

Tay PYS, Lenton EA

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):187-95.
PMID: 14569738

A prospective randomised study was done to assess the effect of supplemental oestradiol in addition to progesterone on the luteal steroid profiles and pregnancy outcome in stimulated cycles with and without pituitary down regulation. Women undergoing stimulated cycle IVF with GnRH-a and FSH (Group A, n = 63) or stimulated intrauterine insemination using CC and FSH (Group B, n = 55) were studied. These subjects were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg daily of vaginally administrated Cyclogest (progesterone) alone or in combination with 2 mg daily of oral Oestradiol Valerate (E2V) during the luteal phase. Significant lower concentrations of plasma progesterone were observed in those subjects supplemented with both E2V and progesterone compared to those in whom progesterone only was given during the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Exogenous E2V had a minimal impact on plasma oestradiol concentrations and did not disguise the characterised mid luteal decline in oestradiol secretion. The suppressive effect of E2V on plasma progesterone was lost if implantation occurred normally because any small change in steroid concentrations was reversed by the rapidly increasing concentrations of HCG. Similar pregnancy rates were observed among subjects supplemented with or without oestradiol. The addition of oestradiol to the luteal supplement suppresses endogenous corpus luteum progesterone secretion irrespective of the type of assisted conception cycle and that its use is unlikely to be beneficial to the process of implantation.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum Maintenance/drug effects*
Live birth rates are satisfactory following multiple IVF treatment cycles in poor prognosis patients

Mustafa KB, Keane KN, Walz NL, Mitrovic KI, Hinchliffe PM, Yovich JL

Reprod Biol, 2017 Mar;17(1):34-41.
PMID: 27964842 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.11.004

This seven-year retrospective study analysed the live birth rate (LBR) for women undergoing IVF treatment with various antral follicle counts (AFC). The LBR decreased with lower AFC ratings, and in 290 treatment cycles for women in the poorest AFC category, ≤4 follicles (group E), the LBR was the lowest at 10.7%. The pregnancy loss rate (PLR) significantly increased with poorer AFC categories, from 21.8% in AFC group A (≥20 follicles), to 54.4% in AFC group E (p<0.0001). This trend was repeated with advancing age, from 21.6% for younger women (<35years), to 32.9, 48.5 and 100% for ages 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively (p<0.0001). However, LBR within the specific AFC group E cohort was also age-dependent and decreased significantly from 30.0% for <35 years old, to 13.3, 3.9 and 0% for patients aged 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively. Most, importantly, LBR rates within these age groups were not dependent on the number of IVF attempts (1st, 2nd, 3rd or ≥4 cycles), which indicated that cycle number should not be the primary deciding factor for cessation of IVF treatment in responding women <45years old.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum Maintenance/drug effects*
Fulltext Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

Haslan MA, Samsulrizal N, Hashim N, Zin NSNM, Shirazi FH, Goh YM

BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021 Nov 29;21(1):291.
PMID: 34844580 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03452-6

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances are key features in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We have previously shown that Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) can improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal profile in PCOS female rats. However, biological characteristics underpinning the therapeutic effects of F. deltoidea for treating PCOS remain to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS female rats following treatment with F. deltoidea.
METHODS: PCOS was induced in rats except for normal control by administering LTZ at 1 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Methanolic extract of F. deltoidea leaf was then orally administered to the PCOS rats at the dose of 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively for 15 consecutive days. Lipid profile was measured enzymatically in serum. The circulating concentrations of reproductive hormone and antioxidant enzymes were determined by ELISA assays. Ovarian and uterus histomorphometric changes were further observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with F. deltoidea at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day reduced insulin resistance, obesity indices, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to near-normal levels in PCOS rats. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), estrogen, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are also similar to those observed in normal control rats. Histomorphometric measurements confirmed that F. deltoidea increased the corpus luteum number and the endometrial thickness.
CONCLUSIONS: F. deltoidea can reverse PCOS symptoms in female rats by improving insulin sensitivity, antioxidant activities, hormonal imbalance, and histological changes. These findings suggest the potential use of F. deltoidea as an adjuvant agent in the treatment program of PCOS.

Matched MeSH terms: Corpus Luteum/drug effects