Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total

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  1. Fulltext Candida sake--a rare cause of fungal endocarditis
    Anuradha S, Agarwal SK, Prakash A, Singh NP, Kaur R
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):75-6.
    PMID: 18935744
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  2. The High-Quality Complete Genome Sequence of the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Candida vulturna CBS 14366T
    Navarro-Muñoz JC, de Jong AW, Gerrits van den Ende B, Haas PJ, Then ER, Mohd Tap R, et al.
    Mycopathologia, 2019 Dec;184(6):731-734.
    PMID: 31734799 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00404-0
    Candida vulturna is a new member of the Candida haemulonii species complex that recently received much attention as it includes the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Candida auris. Here, we describe the high-quality genome sequence of C. vulturna type strain CBS 14366T to cover all genomes of pathogenic C. haemulonii species complex members.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  3. Mycology of Onychomycosis: A 5-year retrospective review (2011 - 2015) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Ramalingam R, Kunalan S, Tang MM
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 06;72(3):190-192.
    PMID: 28733568 MyJurnal
    Onychomycosis is a common nail disease with numerous etiological pathogens. In order to determine and trend the local mycological pattern of culture-positive diseased nail samples sent from the Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, a five-year retrospective audit was carried out, which revealed that non-dermatophyte molds were the predominant fungi isolated, followed by yeasts and dermatophytes. This is similar to two previous studies in Malaysia, but varies greatly from other studies around the world which showed a dermatophyte-predominant prevalence. This could be due to the nature of the environment our patients encountered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  4. Identification of immunogenic proteins of Candida parapsilosis by serological proteome analysis
    Lee PY, Gam LH, Yong VC, Rosli R, Ng KP, Chong PP
    J Appl Microbiol, 2014 Apr;116(4):999-1009.
    PMID: 24299471 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12408
    Systemic candidiasis is the leading fungal bloodstream infection, and its incidence has been on the rise. Recently, Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an increasingly prevalent fungal pathogen, but little is known about its antigenic profile. Hence, the current work was performed to discover immunogenic proteins of C. parapsilosis using serological proteome analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  5. In vitro investigation of antifungal activity of allicin alone and in combination with azoles against Candida species
    Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Aala F, Sekawi Z, Chong PP
    Mycopathologia, 2010 Apr;169(4):287-95.
    PMID: 19924565 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9251-3
    Candidiasis is a term describing infections by yeasts from the genus Candida, and the type of infection encompassed by candidiasis ranges from superficial to systemic. Treatment of such infections often requires antifungals such as the azoles, but increased use of these drugs has led to selection of yeasts with increased resistance to these drugs. In this study, we used allicin, an allyl sulfur derivative of garlic, to demonstrate both its intrinsic antifungal activity and its synergy with the azoles, in the treatment of these yeasts in vitro. In this study, the MIC(50) and MIC(90) of allicin alone against six Candida spp. ranged from 0.05 to 25 microg/ml. However, when allicin was used in combination with fluconazole or ketoconazole, the MICs were decreased in some isolates. Our results demonstrated the existing synergistic effect between allicin and azoles in some of the Candida spp. such as C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, but synergy was not demonstrated in the majority of Candida spp. tested. Nonetheless, In vivo testing needs to be performed to support these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  6. Potential use of a monoclonal antibody for the detection of Candida antigens in an experimental systemic candidiasis model
    Wong SF, Mak JW, Pook CK
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2008 Oct;27(5):361-73.
    PMID: 18823263 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2008.0021
    The Candida species are the most common fungal pathogens of systemic candidiasis. The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis remains a laboratory and clinical challenge. Thus, development of diagnostic assays to detect systemic candidiasis and to identify Candida virulence factors and associated pathogenesis through immunohistochemistry using specific monoclonals and polyclonals will be useful. Inbred Balb/c mice were immunized with C. albicans antigens, and blood was checked for the presence of reactive antibodies using ELISA. Fusion was performed using the harvested spleen cells and NS1 myeloma cells, and the clones were screened for the presence of antibody producing hybrid cells by dot-blot. Western blot analysis showed that the L2D10 monoclonal antibody was reactive against the antigens with molecular weight of 20 kDa. Experimental systemic candidiasis in mice was induced through intravenous injection of C. albicans and all the vital organs were collected for immunohistochemistry study. The monoclonal antibody reacted to surface epitopes on the yeast cells, germ tubes, and hyphae, and to immune complexes. It was used with the polyclonal antibody in a sandwich ELISA for the detection of circulating antigens in experimental candiadiasis in mice. Antibody levels were also determined using the ELISA method, and the antibody levels of C. albicans infected mice were increased compared with uninfected animals. The monoclonal antibody was used in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques for the detection of fungal infection in tissue sections and was found to be more sensitive than conventional periodic acid Schiff or silver staining techniques. This monoclonal antibody may serve as potential primary capture antibodies for the development of a rapid diagnostic test for human systemic fungal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  7. Candida biotypes isolated from clinical specimens in Malaysia
    Ng KP, Madasamy M, Saw TL, Baki A, He J, Soo-Hoo TS
    Mycopathologia, 1999 10 26;144(3):135-40.
    PMID: 10531679
    The distribution of Candida species was examined using 1114 yeasts isolated from various clinical specimens. The isolates were identified by germ tube test, hyphal/pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia production and carbohydrate assimilation test using ten carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, arabinose, galactose, mannitol, raffinose, lactose and maltose). Among the 1114 isolates studied, 9 species of Candida were identified and the relative frequency of isolation was C. albicans (44.2%), C. parapsilosis (26.0%), C. tropicalis (17.7%), C. glabrata (9.6%), C. krusei (1.2%), C. rugosa (0.6%), C. guilliermondii (0.2%), C. lusitaniae (0.08%) and C. kefyr (0.08%). Non-C. albicans was the most common Candida species isolated from blood, respiratory system, urine and skin. The isolate from vaginal swabs was predominantly C. albicans. 82.2% of C. glabrata and 64.2% of C. krusei isolated in this study were from vaginal swabs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  8. Evidence for a general-purpose genotype in Candida albicans, highly prevalent in multiple geographical regions, patient types and types of infection
    Schmid J, Herd S, Hunter PR, Cannon RD, Yasin MSM, Samad S, et al.
    Microbiology (Reading), 1999 Sep;145 ( Pt 9):2405-2413.
    PMID: 10517593 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2405
    Epidemiological studies, using the probe Ca3, have shown that in a given patient population a single cluster of genetically related Candida albicans isolates usually predominates. The authors have investigated whether these local clusters are part of a single group, geographically widespread and highly prevalent as an aetiological agent of various types of candidiasis. An unrooted neighbour-joining tree of 266 infection-causing C. albicans isolates (each from a different individual) from 12 geographical regions in 6 countries was created, based on genetic distances generated by Ca3 fingerprinting. Thirty-seven per cent of all isolates formed a single genetically homogeneous cluster (cluster A). The remainder of isolates were genetically diverse. Using the maximum branch length within cluster A as a cut-off, they could be divided into 37 groups, whose prevalence ranged between 0.3% and 9%. Strains from cluster A were highly prevalent in all but one geographical region, with a mean prevalence across all regions of 41%. When isolates were separated into groups based on patient characteristics or type of infection, strains from cluster A had a prevalence exceeding 27% in each group, and their mean prevalence was 43% across all patient characteristics. These data provide evidence that cluster A constitutes a general-purpose genotype, which is geographically widespread and acts as a predominant aetiological agent of all forms of candidiasis in all categories of patients surveyed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  9. Fulltext Candida albicans isolates from a Malaysian hospital exhibit more potent phospholipase and haemolysin activities than non-albicans Candida isolates
    Chin VK, Foong KJ, Maha A, Rusliza B, Norhafizah M, Ng KP, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Dec;30(4):654-62.
    PMID: 24522136 MyJurnal
    This study was aimed at determining the phospholipase and haemolysin activity of Candida isolates in Malaysia. A total of 37 Candida clinical isolates representing seven species, Candida albicans (12), Candida tropicalis (8), Candida glabrata (4), Candida parapsilosis (1), Candida krusei (4), Candida orthopsilosis (1) and Candida rugosa (7) were tested. In vitro phospholipase activity was determined by using egg yolk plate assay whereas in vitro haemolysin activity was tested by using blood plate assay on sheep blood Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) enriched with glucose. Phospholipase activity was detected in 75% (9 out of 12) of the C. albicans isolates. Among the 25 non- C. albicans Candida isolates, phospholipase activity was detected in only 24% of these isolates. The phospholipase activity of C. albicans was significantly higher than that of the non- C. albicans Candida isolates (P=0.002). Haemolysin activity was detected in 100% of the C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. orthopsilosis isolates while 75% of the C. krusei isolates and 12.3% of the C. rugosa isolates showed haemolysin activity. The haemolytic activity of C. albicans was significantly higher than that of the non- C. albicans Candida isolates (P=0.0001).The findings in this study indicate that C. albicans isolates in Malaysia may possess greater virulence potential than the non-albicans species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  10. Fulltext Identification of local clinical Candida isolates using CHROMagar Candida™ as a primary identification method for various Candida species
    Madhavan P, Jamal F, Chong PP, Ng KP
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):269-74.
    PMID: 22041745
    The objective of our study was to study the effectiveness of CHROMagar Candida™ as the primary identification method for various clinical Candida isolates, other than the three suggested species by the manufacturer. We studied 34 clinical isolates which were isolated from patients in a local teaching hospital and 7 ATCC strains. These strains were first cultured in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) for 36 hours at 35ºC, then on CHROMagar plates at 30ºC, 35ºC and 37ºC. The sensitivity of this agar to identify Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida rugosa, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis ranged between 25 and 100% at 30ºC, 14% and 100% at 35ºC, 56% and 100% at 37ºC. The specificity of this agar was 100% at 30ºC, between 97% and 100% at 35ºC, 92% and 100% at 37ºC. The efficiency of this agar ranged between 88 and 100% at 30ºC, 83% and 100% at 35ºC, 88% and 100% at 37ºC. Each species also gave rise to a variety of colony colours ranging from pink to green to blue of different colony characteristics. Therefore, the chromogenic agar was found to be useful in our study for identifying clinical Candida isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  11. Emerging Complexity and the Need for Advanced Drug Delivery in Targeting Candida Species
    Wadhwa R, Pandey P, Gupta G, Aggarwal T, Kumar N, Mehta M, et al.
    Curr Top Med Chem, 2019;19(28):2593-2609.
    PMID: 31746290 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191026105308
    BACKGROUND: Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.

    METHODS: The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.

    RESULTS: This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).

    CONCLUSION: It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.

    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  12. Early-Stage Multifocal Candida chorioretinitis in an Immunocompromised Woman
    Chen KJ, Chou HD, Teh WM
    Ophthalmol Retina, 2019 10;3(10):887.
    PMID: 31585711 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.05.023
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  13. A modified in situ RT-PCR method for localizing fungal-specific gene expression in Candida-infected mice renal cells
    Yong VC, Ong KW, Sidik SM, Rosli R, Chong PP
    J Microbiol Methods, 2009 Nov;79(2):242-5.
    PMID: 19737582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.08.019
    In situ Reverse Transcriptase PCR (in situ RT-PCR) can amplify mRNA and localize gene expression in cells. However, this method is not feasible in fungi as the thick fungal cell wall constitutes a barrier to this procedure. We developed a two step in situ RT-PCR procedure which enabled the detection and localization of Candida tropicalis mRNA expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) mouse kidney sections. This in situ hybridization study revealed the first direct evidence for deposition of Candida tropicalis secreted aspartic proteinase 2 (CtSAP2) in the tip of pseudohyphae and its involvement in acute systemic candidiasis. We conclude that in situ RT-PCR can be successfully applied to FFPE tissues and will offer new perspectives in studying gene expression in Candida species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  14. Molecular identification of Candida orthopsilosis isolated from blood culture
    Yong PV, Chong PP, Lau LY, Yeoh RS, Jamal F
    Mycopathologia, 2008 Feb;165(2):81-7.
    PMID: 18266075 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9086-8
    The incidence of candidemia and invasive candidiasis have increased markedly due to the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. There are five major medically important species of Candida with their frequency of isolation in the diminishing order namely Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. In addition, there are numerous other species of Candida which differ in their genetic makeup, virulence properties, drug susceptibilities and sugar assimilation capabilities. In this report, an unusual Candida species was isolated from the blood of two leukaemic patients. Conventional culture and biochemical tests identified the Candida species as C. parapsilosis. Using fungal-specific oligonucleotide primers ITS1 and ITS4, we managed to amplify the ribosomal RNA gene and its internal transcribed spacer region from the genomic DNA of these isolates. The PCR products were then purified and subjected to automated DNA sequencing using BLAST and CLUSTAL sequence analysis identified these isolates to be Candida orthopsilosis. Candida orthopsilosis is a new species recently identified in 2005, being morphologically indistinguishable from C. parapsilosis and was previously classified as a subspecies of C. parapsilosis. This report highlights the importance of complementing traditional culture and biochemical-based identification methods with DNA-based molecular assays such as PCR as the latter is more superior in terms of its discriminatory power and speed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  15. Purification and comparison of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in Candida albicans isolates from Malaysian and Iranian patients and infected mice
    Khalili V, Shokri H, Khosravi AR, Akim A, Amri Saroukolaei S
    J Mycol Med, 2016 Jun;26(2):94-102.
    PMID: 26869383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.12.007
    OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to purify and compare the concentration ratios of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in clinical isolates of Candida albicans (C. albicans) obtained from Malaysian and Iranian patients and infected mice.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hsp90 was extracted using glass beads and ultracentrifugation from yeast cells and purified by ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) and followed by affinity chromatography (hydroxyapatite). Purity of Hsp90 was controlled by SDS-PAGE and its identification was realized by immunoblotting test.

    RESULTS: The graphs of ion exchange and affinity chromatography showed one peak in all C. albicans isolates obtained from both Malaysian and Iranian samples, infected mice and under high-thermal (42°C) and low-thermal (25°C) shock. In immunoblotting, the location of Hsp90 fragments was obtained around 47, 75 and 82kDa. The least average concentration ratios of Hsp90 were 0.350 and 0.240mg/g for Malaysian and Iranian isolates at 25°C, respectively, while the highest average concentration ratios of Hsp90 were 3.05 and 2.600mg/g for Malaysian and Iranian isolates at 42°C, respectively. There were differences in the ratio amount of Hsp90 between Malaysian isolates (1.01±0.07mg/g) and mice kidneys (1.23±0.28mg/g) as well as between Iranian isolates (0.70±0.19mg/g) and mice kidneys (1.00±0.28mg/g) (P<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The results showed differences in all situations tested including Iranian and Malaysian isolates, samples treated with temperatures (25°C or 42°C) and before and after infecting the mice (37°C), indicating higher virulent nature of this yeast species in high temperature in human and animal models.

    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  16. Prevalence of albicans and non-albicans candiduria in a Malaysian medical centre
    Ding CH, Wahab AA, Muttaqillah NA, Tzar MN
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2014 Dec;64(12):1375-9.
    PMID: 25842581
    To determine the proportion of albicans and non-albicans candiduria in a hospital setting and to ascertain if fluconazole is still suitable as empirical antifungal therapy based on antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  17. Systemic Candida infection in University hospital 1997-1999: the distribution of Candida biotypes and antifungal susceptibility patterns
    Ng KP, Saw TL, Na SL, Soo-Hoo TS
    Mycopathologia, 2001;149(3):141-6.
    PMID: 11307597
    A total of 102 Candida species were isolated from blood cultures from January 1997 to October 1999. Using assimilation of carbohydrate test, 52 (51.0%) of the Candida sp. were identified as C. parapsilosis, 25.5% (26) were C. tropicalis. C. albicans made up 11.8% (12), 6.9% (7) were C. rugosa, 3.8% (4) C. glabrata and 1% (1) C. guilliermondii. No C. dubliniensis was found in the study. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests showed that all Candida species were sensitive to nystatin, amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Although all isolates remained sensitive to fluconazole, intermediate susceptibility was found in 3 C. rugosa isolates. Antifungal agents with high frequency of resistance were econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Candida species found to have resistance to these antifungal agents were non-C. albicans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  18. Isolates of the emerging pathogen Candida auris present in the UK have several geographic origins
    Borman AM, Szekely A, Johnson EM
    Med Mycol, 2017 Jul 01;55(5):563-567.
    PMID: 28204557 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw147
    Candida auris has recently emerged as a serious nosocomial health risk, with widespread outbreaks in numerous hospitals worldwide and the existence of geographic region-specific discrete clonal lineages. Here we have compared the rDNA sequences of 24 isolates of Candida auris from 14 different hospital centers in the United Kingdom with those of strains from different international origins present in the public sequence databases. Here we show that UK isolates of C. auris fall into three well-supported clades corresponding to lineages that have previously been reported from India, Malaysia and Kuwait, Japan and Korea, and South Africa, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
  19. The assimilation of different carbon sources in Candida albicans: Fitness and pathogenicity
    Lok B, Adam MAA, Kamal LZM, Chukwudi NA, Sandai R, Sandai D
    Med Mycol, 2021 Feb 04;59(2):115-125.
    PMID: 32944760 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa080
    Candida albicans is a commensal yeast commonly found on the skin and in the body. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the fungi could cause local and systemic infections. The carbon source available plays an important role in the establishment of C. albicans infections. The fungi's ability to assimilate a variety of carbon sources plays a vital role in its colonization, and by extension, its fitness and pathogenicity, as it often inhabits niches that are glucose-limited but rich in alternative carbon sources. A difference in carbon sources affect the growth and mating of C. albicans, which contributes to its pathogenicity as proliferation helps the fungi colonize its environment. The carbon source also affects its metabolism and signaling pathways, which are integral parts of the fungi's fitness and pathogenicity. As a big percentage of the carbon assimilated by C. albicans goes to cell wall biogenesis, the availability of different carbon sources will result in cell walls with variations in rigidity, adhesion, and surface hydrophobicity. In addition to the biofilm formation of the fungi, the carbon source also influences whether the fungi grow in yeast- or mycelial-form. Both forms play different roles in C. albicans's infection process. A better understanding of the role of the carbon sources in C. albicans's pathogenicity would contribute to more effective treatment solutions for fungal infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology
  20. Recurrent candidaemia in a neonate with Hirschsprung's disease: fluconazole resistance and genetic relatedness of eight Candida tropicalis isolates
    Chong PP, Chieng DC, Low LY, Hafeez A, Shamsudin MN, Seow HF, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2006 Apr;55(Pt 4):423-428.
    PMID: 16533990 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46045-0
    The incidence of candidaemia among immunocompromised patients in Malaysia is increasing at an alarming rate. Isolation of clinical strains that are resistant to fluconazole has also risen markedly. We report here the repeated isolation of Candida tropicalis from the blood of a neonatal patient with Hirschsprung's disease. In vitro fluconazole susceptibility tests of the eight isolates obtained at different time points showed that seven of the isolates were resistant and one isolate was scored as susceptible dose-dependent. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting of the isolates using three primers and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates were highly similar strains having minor genetic divergence, with a mean pairwise similarity coefficient of 0.893+/-0.041. The source of the infectious agent was thought to be the central venous catheter, as culture of its tip produced fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis. This study demonstrates the utility of applying molecular epidemiology techniques to complement traditional mycological culture and drug susceptibility tests for accurate and appropriate management of recurrent candidaemia and highlights the need for newer antifungals that can combat the emergence of fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/microbiology*
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