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Fulltext Wound healing potential of Spirulina platensis extracts on human dermal fibroblast cells

Syarina PN, Karthivashan G, Abas F, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S

EXCLI J, 2015;14:385-93.
PMID: 27004048 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-697

Blue-green alga (Spirulina platensis) is a well renowned nutri-supplement due to its high nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to examine the wound healing efficiency of Spirulina platensis at various solvent extracts using in vitro scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF). Various gradient solvent extracts (50 μg/ml of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts) from Spirulina platensis were treated on HDF cells to acquire its wound healing properties through scratch assay and in this investigation we have used allantoin, as a positive control to compare efficacy among the phytoextracts. Interestingly, aqueous extract were found to stimulate proliferation and migration of HDF cells at given concentrations and enhanced closure rate of wound area within 24 hours after treatment. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts have shown proliferative effect, however these extracts did not aid in the migration and closure of wound area when compared to aqueous extract. Based on phytochemical profile of the plant extracts analyzed by LC-MS/MS, it was shown that compounds supposedly involved in accelerating wound healing are cinnamic acid, narigenin, kaempferol, temsirolimus, phosphatidylserine isomeric derivatives and sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. Our findings concluded that blue-green algae may pose potential biomedical application to treat various chronic wounds especially in diabetes mellitus patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Allantoin
Food intake, nutrient utilization and water turnover in the lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus) given lundai (Sapium baccatum)

Nolan JV, Liang JB, Abdullah N, Kudo H, Ismail H, Ho YW, et al.

Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol., 1995 May;111(1):177-82.
PMID: 7735907

Voluntary food intake, digestibility and water turnover were determined in adult Malaysian lesser mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus) given unlimited access to lundai foliage (Sapium baccatum). Daily dry matter (DM) intake was 42.4 g/kg metabolic live mass (M0.73) or 3.7% M. Digestible energy intake was 853 kJ/day (571 kJ metabolisable energy per M0.73), calculated to be used with 79% efficiency. Apparent digestibility (%) of organic matter was 83.8, crude fibre 63.7, acid detergent fibre 60.5, neutral detergent fibre 72.1 and crude protein 65.0. Urinary excretion of the purine derivative, allantoin, was 0.05 mg/g digestible DM intake suggesting rumen microbial yield efficiency may be lower than in other ruminant species. Total water intake was 182 ml/M0.82. The body-water content of the fed mouse-deer, from tritiated water dilution, was 77% M, consistent with a very lean carcass. Turnover of body water was 17% per day. The mouse-deer produced relatively dry, well-defined faecal pellets.

Matched MeSH terms: Allantoin/analysis
Allantoin, a Potential Metabolite That Promotes AMPK Phosphorylation and Suppresses Cholesterol Biosynthesis Via the Mevalonate Pathway and Bloch Pathway

Yap PG, Choi SB, Liong MT

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 May;191(1):226-244.
PMID: 32125649 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03265-2

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic administration on obese and ageing models. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with D-galactose to induce premature ageing. Upon 12 weeks of treatment, the faecal samples were collected and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis for metabolite detection. The sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a distinct clustering pattern of metabolite profile in the aged and obese rats administered with probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 and L. reuteri 8513d, particularly with a significantly higher concentration of allantoin. Molecular docking simulation showed that allantoin promoted the phosphorylation (activation) of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) by lowering the substrate free energy of binding (FEB) and induced the formation of an additional hydrogen bond between Val184 and the substrate AMP. Allantoin also suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis by either inducing enzyme inhibition, occupying or blocking the putative binding site to result in non-spontaneous substrate binding, as in the cases of 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase (MVK) and lanosterol demethylase (LDM) where positive FEBs were reported. These results demonstrated the potential of allantoin to alleviate age-related hypercholesterolaemia by upregulating AMPK and downregulating cholesterol biosynthesis via the mevalonate pathway and Bloch pathway.

Matched MeSH terms: Allantoin/pharmacology*
Fulltext Anti-angiogenesis effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized Using Saliva officinalis on chick chorioalantoic membrane (CAM)

Baharara J, Namvar F, Mousavi M, Ramezani T, Mohamad R

Molecules, 2014;19(9):13498-508.
PMID: 25255752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913498

Angiogenesis, which is required for physiological events, plays a crucial role in several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis. The use of plant extracts is a cost effective and eco-friendly way to synthesize nanoparticles. In the present study, we investigated the anti-angiogenesis properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Saliva officinalis extract on chick chorioalantoic membrane. The production of nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change from yellow to brown observed after approximately 3 h at 37 °C. Then, the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and TEM. The UV-visible spectroscopy results showed that the surface plasmon resonance band for AgNPs was around 430 nm. The intensity of the AgNP-specific absorption peak improved with an increase of 0.5 mL of extract into 10 mL of AgNO3 (2.5 mM). The FTIR results showed good interaction between the plant extracts and AgNPs. The TEM images of the samples revealed that the NPs varied in morphology and size from 1 to 40 nm; the average was recorded at 16.5 ± 1.2 nm. Forty Ross fertilized eggs were divided into four groups; the control and three experimental groups. On the 8th day, gelatin sponges containing albumin were placed on the chorioalantoic membrane and soaked with different concentrations of NPs. On the 12th day, all the cases were photographed using a photostereomicroscope. The number and the lengths of the vessels were measured using Image J software. The crown rump (CR) and weight of the embryo were also recorded. Then the hemoglobin content was measured using Drabkin's reagent kit for quantification of the blood vessel formation. According to the data analysis, the number and length of the blood vessels, as well as the CR and weight of the embryos reduced significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05), dose dependently. The total hemoglobin was quantified as an indicator of the blood vessel formation. The hemoglobin content in the treated samples with AgNPs decreased, which showed its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Allantoin
A randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin with a low-potency topical corticosteroid in the treatment of intertrigo

Leeyaphan C, Varothai S, Trakanwittayarak S, Suphatsathienkul P, Pattaravadee S, Matthapan L, et al.

J Cosmet Dermatol, 2022 Feb;21(2):679-688.
PMID: 33811776 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14125

BACKGROUND: Intertrigo is an inflammatory skin-fold condition. Candida infections may occur concurrently or afterward. Topical corticosteroids may reduce inflammation but exacerbate Candida infections. The treatment is contentious.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacies and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate intertrigo, relative to 1% hydrocortisone cream.
METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded study enrolled 40 intertrigo patients. Twice daily, 20 patients applied adsorbent lotion while the remainder used 1% hydrocortisone cream. Efficacy evaluation, skin biophysical measurements, skin tolerability, safety, and visual analog scale (VAS) patient-satisfaction scores were evaluated at baseline and Week 2.
RESULTS: The adsorbent lotion showed higher complete cure rates for color, partial epidermal loss, papules/pustules/vesicles/patches, dryness, and scaling than the corticosteroid without statistical significance. Adsorbent lotion demonstrated significantly higher reduction in pruritus than the corticosteroid treatment. Reduction of erythema level using Mexameter and VAS patient-satisfaction scores were not statistically different between adsorbent lotion and hydrocortisone cream. No adverse effects or superimposed infections were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: The anti-inflammatory efficacies of adsorbent lotion and low-potency steroid were equivalent. The lotion was safe and produced excellent pruritus reduction. Patient satisfaction was high.

Matched MeSH terms: Allantoin