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Fulltext Predictors of post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy sepsis: The Northern Malaysian experience

Teh KY, Tham TM

Urol Ann, 2021 04 13;13(2):156-162.
PMID: 34194142 DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_28_20

Objectives: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) carries a small risk of postoperative sepsis due to the liberation of bacteria into the patients' bloodstream during stone fragmentation. The study aims to identify the incidence of post-PCNL sepsis in our center, as well as to delineate perioperative characteristics associated with increased rates of sepsis.
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review on all PCNLs performed in our center between July 2012 and June 2017, with emphasis on preoperative urine results, intra-operative findings, and postoperative septic complications.
Results: Among 425 cases of PCNL performed, 16 (3.76%) developed sepsis postoperatively. Patients with positive preoperative urine cultures were almost four times as likely to develop post-PCNL sepsis compared to those with negative cultures (8.41% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.004). Among patients with positive urine leukocytes and positive urine cultures, the presence of Staghorn calculi and multiple PCNL punctures both predicted significantly higher risks of postoperative sepsis. In contrast, diabetes mellitus and preoperative stenting were not found to be associated with a greater risk of post-PCNL sepsis.
Conclusions: Patients who had positive preoperative urine leukocytes and/or cultures, and either harbor Staghorn calculi or are deemed to require more than one puncture on PCNL, were at an increased risk of developing post-PCNL sepsis. Such at-risk patients should be identified preoperatively, given aggressive perioperative antibiotic treatment, and monitored closely for septic complications during the convalescence period.
Fulltext Fine needle aspiration biopsy, core needle biopsy or excision biopsy to diagnose breast cancer - which is the ideal method?

Tham TM, Iyengar KR, Taib NA, Yip CH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009 Jan-Mar;10(1):155-8.
PMID: 19469645

BACKGROUND: The ideal method for diagnosis of breast cancer is debatable.
METHODS: The methods of diagnosis of 436 new cases of breast adenocarcinoma presenting from Jan 2005 till Dec 2006 at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) were examined in this study.
RESULTS: A total of 388 cases presented to the breast unit in UMMC primarily and 48 cases were diagnosed in non-breast units in other hospitals and referred for management. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the commonest mode of initial diagnosis in 278 cases followed by core needle biopsy and surgical excision. In UMMC, FNAC was the commonest initial method (68.3%) compared to cases diagnosed outside UMMC, where 37.5% of cases were diagnosed by excision. Tumours less than 2cm were more likely to be diagnosed by excision biopsy.
CONCLUSION: The biopsy method used to confirm the diagnosis is influenced by where the patient first presents, and by the size of the tumour.
Fulltext Prostate cancer in multi-ethnic Asian men: Real-world experience in the Malaysia Prostate Cancer (M-CaP) Study

Lim J, Malek R, Jr S, Toh CC, Sundram M, Woo SYY, et al.

Cancer Med, 2021 11;10(22):8020-8028.
PMID: 34626088 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4319

Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer in Malaysia with the lifetime risk of 1 in 117 men. Here, we initiated a longitudinal Malaysia Prostate Cancer (M-CaP) Study to investigate the clinical and tumour characteristics, treatment patterns as well as disease outcomes of multi-ethnic Asian men at real-world setting. The M-CaP database consisted of 1839 new patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2016 and 2018 from nine public urology referral centres across Malaysia. Basic demographic and clinical parameters, tumour characteristics, primary treatment, follow-up and vital status data were retrieved prospectively from the hospital-based patients' case notes or electronic medical records. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). The median age at diagnosis of M-CaP patients was 70 years (interquartile range, IQR 65-75). Majority of patients were Chinese (831, 45.2%), followed by Malays (704, 38.3%), Indians (124, 6.7%) and other races (181, 9.8%). The median follow-up for all patients was 23.5 months (IQR 15.9-33.6). Although 58.1% presented with late-stage cancer, we observed ethnic and geographic disparities in late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis. Curative radiotherapy and primary androgen deprivation therapy were the most common treatment for stage III and stage IV diseases, respectively. The median OS and bPFS of stage IV patients were 40.1 months and 19.2 months (95% CI 17.6-20.8), respectively. Late stage at presentation remains a challenge in multi-ethnic Asian men. Early detection is imperative to improve treatment outcome and survival of patients with prostate cancer.

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