Microbiological qualities of fresh goat milk collected from two selected, popular dairy farms in Penang Island, Malaysia were evaluated, as a measure of food safety. Milk samples were screened for total plate counts, yeast and mould counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus, presumptive Escherichia coli, Coliforms and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were in the range of (mean values) 4.2- 4.5, 4.2- 4.6, 3.1- 4.3, 2.7- 3.2, < 2- 4.6, 2.2- 4.0 and 4.1- 4.8 log CFU/ml, respectively in the two farms. Milk samples were also screened for the presence of selected foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Results
showed the presence of only Salmonella sp. (at 2.9 log CFU/ml) with the absence of Listeria monocytogenes. The outcome of this study assumes importance as the presence of microbial contaminants amounts indicates poor milk quality, which requires immediate consideration as it can pose serious health risk to consumers.
Pisa syndrome or pleurothotonus is the persistent flexion of the body and head to one side giving the appearance of the leaning tower of Pisa. It is most commonly caused by typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. We report a case of Pisa Syndrome caused by prolonged use of high dose cholinesterase inhibitor, rivastigmine. Symptoms subsided when rivastigmine was withdrawn and did not reappear when a different cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil was introduced. Physicians should be aware of Pisa syndrome and should alert patient of this possibility when starting and stepping up medications. The purpose of reporting this case is to create awareness among general practitioners as it is a reversible condition which responds to removal of the offending drug.