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Determination of melanin types and relative concentrations: an observational study using a non-invasive inverse skin reflectance analysis

Hani AF, Baba R, Shamsuddin N, Nugroho H

Int J Cosmet Sci, 2014 Oct;36(5):451-8.
PMID: 24925684 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12147

Melanin is a major skin colour pigment that is made up of eumelanin (the dark brown-black colour) and pheomelanin (the light red-yellow colour) pigments. Skin-whitening products typically contain depigmentation agents that reduce the level of pigmentation by changing the pheomelanin-eumelanin production. Similarly, in skin pigment treatment of skin disorders, the melanin production is managed accordingly. To assess and improve treatment efficacy, it is important to have a measurement tool that is capable of determining the melanin types objectively. So far, the efficacy assessment is subjective. In this study, an inverse skin reflectance pigmentation analysis system that determines eumelanin and pheomelanin content is developed and evaluated in an observational study involving 36 participants with skin photo type IV.
Fulltext Underutilization of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors among heart failure patients

Lean QY, Shamsuddin N, Wan Ahmad WA

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):216-21.
PMID: 19248693 MyJurnal

There are well-established guidelines regarding the use of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in the management of heart failure (HF). In-spite of that, many studies has documented underutilization of ACEI. Thus, this retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the utilization of ACEI, to identify the pattern of ACEI use and the factors that might contribute to underutilization of ACEI. The target population was hospitalized HF patients in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Of 321 hospitalized HF patients, only 57% of them were treated with ACEI. 51.2% of the patients treated with ACEI received low dose (< or = 25% from target dose) at discharge. Factors that have significant association with the underutilization of ACEI included serum potassium and creatinine, chronic renal failure and other concurrent medications used (frusemide, aspirin, potassium chloride, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers). The findings indicated that the utilization of ACEI in the management of HF in UMMC is considerably low.
A survey on Malaysian's acceptance and perceptions towards COVID-19 booster dose

Rajakumar S, Shamsuddin N, Alshawsh MA, Rajakumar S, Zaman Huri H

Saudi Pharm J, 2023 Nov;31(11):101797.
PMID: 37829192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101797

Progressive reopening of the economy and declaration of COVID-19 as endemic has relaxed social distancing and mask-wearing necessities in Malaysia. The Ministry of Health of Malaysia reported vaccination rate had reached 86.1% for the first dose and 84.3% for the second dose as of April 2023. However, the uptake of booster doses (third dose or fourth dose) is relatively lower at 68.6% and 1.5%, respectively. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to study the acceptance and perception of Malaysians towards booster doses in Peninsular Malaysia with participants 18 years old and above by distributing questionnaires at public areas such as government offices, major city train stations, and airports. The study included elderly participants who were not technology savvy. Of 395 survey respondents, 69.4% accepted the COVID-19 booster dose. The results showed that smartphone usage (p = 0.019), living area (p = 0.049), and education level (p = 0.006) significantly influenced the perception of booster dose acceptance among socio-demographic characteristics. Despite experiencing side effects from previous vaccination, 65.9% of respondents still opted to receive booster doses (p = 0.019). The highest deciding factor in accepting booster dose was the need for more clinical studies on COVID-19 booster dose (58.2%) (p = 0.045). In conclusion, the survey demonstrates that greater emphasis on updating and providing more clinical studies regarding the need for booster doses will increase the public's acceptance of the COVID-19 booster dose.
Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A potentially forgotten forensically important species in Malaysia

Jones AK, Hidayah Shamsuddin N, Chin Heo C

Sci Justice, 2024 Jul;64(4):339-346.
PMID: 39025559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.04.006

Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has been collected in human forensic case work. This species is endemic in Malaysia but is not one of the most common species and is often found in outdoor cases. However, it is hypothesized that the presence of L. cuprina larvae may provide useful information in forensic case studies in Malaysia where this species has previously been ignored. This review will discuss the current background knowledge on L. cuprina, particularly when it comes to other forensic cases in Malaysia. General biology as well as key information for forensic work such as geographical distribution and developmental data will be reviewed. Finally, we discuss the potential for L. cuprina to provide beneficial and unique forensic insight into indoor cases with refuse.
Pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among patients with chronic kidney disease

Shamsuddin N, Karuppannan M, Hafiz Wan Md Adnan WA, Farooqui M, Gnanasan S

Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2019 11;37:86-92.
PMID: 31539806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.09.003
Vision and Hearing Impairments Affecting Activities of Daily Living among Malaysian Older Adults by Gender

Chan YM, Sahril N, Chan YY, Ab Wahab NA, Shamsuddin N, Ismail MZH

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Jun 10;18(12).
PMID: 34200564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126271

Vision and hearing impairments are common among older adults and can cause undesirable health effects. There are limited studies from low- and middle-income countries exploring gender differences between vision and hearing impairment with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gender differences between vision and hearing impairments with ADL disability among older adults in Malaysia. Cross-sectional data from 3977 respondents aged 60 and above from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 were used. We used logistic regression analysis to measure associations between vision and hearing impairments with ADL disability, adjusted for covariates. The prevalence of ADL disability was higher among females than males (p < 0.001). The adjusted associations between vision impairment and ADL disability were significant among males (aOR 3.79; 95%CI 2.26, 6.38) and females (aOR 2.66; 95%CI 1.36, 5.21). Similarly, significant adjusted associations were found between hearing impairment and ADL disability among males (aOR 5.76; 95%CI 3.52, 9.40) and females (aOR 3.30; 95%CI 1.17, 9.33). Vision and hearing impairments were significantly associated with ADL disability, with no gender differences identified. Early detection and effective management of vision and hearing impairments are important to prevent ADL disability and improve older adults' level of independence.
Fulltext The correlation between serum leptin and blood pressure after exposure to noise at work

Rahma MS, Mustafa BE, Razali A, Shamsuddin N, Althunibat OY

Noise Health, 2013 Nov-Dec;15(67):375-8.
PMID: 24231415 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.121223

Several epidemiologic studies have reported that exposure to noise is associated with cardiovascular disease. The increased body weight is often associated with metabolic as well as increased blood pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the elevation of blood pressure and serum leptin hormones due to the effects of noise in the work place. A total of 80 volunteer males where included in this study with an age range between of 20 and 45 years, they were divided in two groups equally, the 1 st group were exposed to noise in the workplace while the 2 nd group were not. The individual noise exposure was determined by using a sound level meter. The range of noise was 80-100 dBA. Body Mass Index was also taken for each individual by a standard measure, blood pressure was measured by OMRON sphygmomanometer and serum leptin was measured through venous blood sample analysis enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman rank order correlation was used to examine the correlations between Blood pressure value (Systolic, Diastolic) and Leptin. All the relationships between parameters showed a positive correlation. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values had a significant correlation to leptin hormone level in comparison to the control. There was a significant relation between leptin and blood pressure. leptin effects on the sympathetic nervous system may provide a partial explanation. Therefore, Leptin might have diverse cardiovascular actions.
Fulltext Reliability and validity of Malay language version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-M) among the Malaysian cohort participants

Shamsuddin N, Poh BK, Syed Zakaria SZ, Noor MI, Jamal R

Int J Public Health Res, 2015;5(2):643-653.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Validation of instruments is essential when assessing physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to validate a Malay language version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-M) against Actical accelerometer and to determine its reliability and validity.
Methods: A total of 90 Malay adults aged 35-65 years old participating in The Malaysian Cohort project were recruited for this study. The IPAQ-M is comprised of 12 items, covering vigorous, moderate, walking, sitting and sleeping activities, and was administered on two occasions (Day 1 and Day 9) by interviewing the participants. Participants wore the Actical accelerometer for seven consecutive days between the two interview sessions. Results Validity tests showed that time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (min/wk) from IPAQ-M was significantly correlated with MVPA from accelerometer (rho=0.32, p<0.01). Time spent in vigorous activity (rho=0.44) and total activity (rho=0.36) from IPAQ-M were significantly correlated (p<0.01) with that measured by accelerometer, but no correlation was observed for sedentary behaviour. Reliability tests revealed significant correlations between the two interview sessions for all intensities of PA (rho=0.55 to 0.71, p<0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed that time spent in MVPA for IPAQ-M was significantly different from that measured by accelerometer (mean difference: 98.02 min/wk; 95% limits of agreement: -785.33 to 1317.83 min/wk; p<0.01). When classifying people into meeting PA recommendation, the agreement between the two instruments was fair (κ=0.22).
Conclusions The IPAQ-M has acceptable validity for MVPA, vigorous and total physical activity, and was reliable for assessing the physical activity of Malay adults.
Keywords Health care workers - Knowledge - Practice - Universal precaution - Health center.
Study name: The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) Project
Acute and 28-day sub-acute intravenous toxicity studies of 1'-S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate in rats

Abdalla YOA, Nyamathulla S, Shamsuddin N, Arshad NM, Mun KS, Awang K, et al.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2018 10 01;356:204-213.
PMID: 30138658 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.014

1'-S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) has been previously reported to reduce tumor volume in nude mice, at an effective dose of 1.56 mg/kg body weight. However, the detailed toxicological profile for ACA has not yet been performed. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of intravenous administration of ACA in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, both acutely (with single doses of 2.00, 4.00 and 6.66 mg/kg body weight, for 14 days), and sub-acutely (with weekly injections of 0.66, 1.33, and 2.22 mg/kg, for 28 days). In both toxicity studies, treatment with ACA did not affect behavior, food/water intake or body weight, nor did it induce any changes in clinically relevant hematological and biochemical parameters or mortality, suggesting that the LD50 of ACA was higher than 6.66 mg/kg body weight, regardless of sex. Sub-acutely, there was however, mild focal inflammation of kidneys and lobular hepatitis, but these were not associated with significant functional adverse effects. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for intravenous administration of ACA in the present 28-day sub-acute study was 2.22 mg/kg body weight, in both male and female rats. These findings provide useful information regarding the safety of ACA use in a healthy, non-tumor-bearing rat model.
Fulltext Halloysite Nanotube-Ferrihydrite Incorporated Polyethersulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane: Effect of Nanocomposite Loading on the Antifouling Performance

Wan Ikhsan SN, Yusof N, Mat Nawi NI, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Aziz F, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Jan 30;13(3).
PMID: 33573140 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030441

Membrane filtration is an attractive process in water and wastewater treatment, but largely restricted by membrane fouling. In this study, the membrane fouling issue is addressed by developing polyethersulfone (PES)-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with the incorporation of hydrophilic nanoparticles as an additive. Ultrafiltration MMMs were successfully fabricated by incorporating different loadings of halloysite nanotube-ferrihydrates (HNT-HFO) into a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix and their performance was evaluated for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and oil/water emulsion. The results show that wettability is endowed to the membrane by introducing the additive aided by the presence of abundant -OH groups from the HFO. The loading of additive also leads to more heterogeneous surface morphology and higher pure water fluxes (516.33-640.82 L/m2h) more than twice that of the pristine membrane as reference (34.69 L/m2h) without affecting the rejection. The MMMs also provide much enhanced antifouling properties. The filtration results indicate that the flux recovery ratio of the modified membrane reached 100% by washing with only distilled water and a total flux recovery ratio of >98% ± 0.0471 for HNT-HFO-loaded membranes in comparison with 59% ± 0.0169 for pristine PES membrane.
Fulltext Apoptosis Effect of Girinimbine Isolated from Murraya koenigii on Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro

Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Cheah SC, Sukari MA, Syam S, Shamsuddin N, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:689865.
PMID: 23573145 DOI: 10.1155/2013/689865

Murraya koenigii Spreng has been traditionally claimed as a remedy for cancer. The current study investigated the anticancer effects of girinimbine, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng, on A549 lung cancer cells in relation to apoptotic mechanistic pathway. Girinimbine was isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng. The antiproliferative activity was assayed using MTT and the apoptosis detection was done by annexin V and lysosomal stability assays. Multiparameter cytotoxicity assays were performed to investigate the change in mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c translocation. ROS, caspase, and human apoptosis proteome profiler assays were done to investigate the apoptotic mechanism of cell death. The MTT assay revealed that the girinimbine induces cell death with an IC50 of 19.01 μ M. A significant induction of early phase of apoptosis was shown by annexin V and lysosomal stability assays. After 24 h treatment with 19.01 μ M of girinimbine, decrease in the nuclear area and increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane permeability were readily visible. Moreover the translocation of cytochrome c also was observed. Girinimbine mediates its antiproliferative and apoptotic effects through up- and downregulation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. There was a significant involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, the upregulation of p53 as well as the cell proliferation repressor proteins, p27 and p21, and the significant role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling were also identified. Moreover the caspases 3 and 8 were found to be significantly activated. Our results taken together indicated that girinimbine may be a potential agent for anticancer drug development.
Fulltext Improvement of Properties and Performances of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane by Blending with Bio-Based Dragonbloodin Resin

Ambarita AC, Mulyati S, Arahman N, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Ismail NM

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Dec 17;13(24).
PMID: 34960986 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244436

Polyethersulfone (PES) is the most commonly used polymer for membrane ultrafiltration because of its superior properties. However, it is hydrophobic, as such susceptible to fouling and low permeation rate. This study proposes a novel bio-based additive of dragonbloodin resin (DBR) for improving the properties and performance of PES-based membranes. Four flat sheet membranes were prepared by varying the concentration of DBR (0-3%) in the dope solutions using the phase inversion method. After fabrication, the membranes were thoroughly characterized and were tested for filtration of humic acid solution to investigate the effect of DBR loading. Results showed that the hydrophilicity, porosity, and water uptake increased along with the DBR loadings. The presence of DBR in the dope solution fastened the phase inversion, leading to a more porous microstructure, resulted in membranes with higher number and larger pore sizes. Those properties led to more superior hydraulic performances. The PES membranes loaded with DBR reached a clean water flux of 246.79 L/(m2·h), 25-folds higher than the pristine PES membrane at a loading of 3%. The flux of humic acid solution reached 154.5 ± 6.6 L/(m2·h), 30-folds higher than the pristine PES membrane with a slight decrease in rejection (71% vs. 60%). Moreover, DBR loaded membranes (2% and 3%) showed an almost complete flux recovery ratio over five cleaning cycles, demonstrating their excellent antifouling property. The hydraulic performance could possibly be enhanced by leaching the entrapped DBR to create more voids and pores for water permeation.
Fulltext Development of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane via Assembly of Tannic Acid and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Filtration of Oil/Water Emulsion

Nawi NIM, Ong Amat S, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Shamsuddin N, Prayogi S, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Mar 22;13(6).
PMID: 33810126 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060976

Wastewater containing oil/water emulsion has a serious ecological impact and threatens human health. The impact worsens as its volume increases. Oil/water emulsion needs to be treated before it is discharged or reused again for processing. A membrane-based process is considered attractive in effectively treating oil/water emulsion, but progress has been dampened by the membrane fouling issue. The objective of this study is to develop polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes customized for oil/water emulsion separation by incorporating assembly of tannic acid (TA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the polymer matrix. The results show that the assembly of TA/PVP complexation was achieved as observed from the change in colour during the phase inversion and as also proven from the characterization analyses. Incorporation of the TA/PVP assembly leads to enhanced surface hydrophilicity by lowering the contact angle from 82° to 47°. In situ assembly of the TA/PVP complex also leads to enhanced clean water permeability by a factor of four as a result of enhanced mean flow pore size from 0.2 to 0.9 µm. Owing to enhanced surface chemistry and structural advantages, the optimum hydrophilic PVDF/TA/PVP membrane poses permeability of 540.18 L/(m2 h bar) for oil/water emulsion filtration, three times higher than the pristine PVDF membrane used as the reference.
Fulltext Patterned Membrane in an Energy-Efficient Tilted Panel Filtration System for Fouling Control in Activated Sludge Filtration

Osman A, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Khan AL, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Feb 12;12(2).
PMID: 32059397 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020432

A membrane bioreactor enhances the overall biological performance of a conventional activated sludge system for wastewater treatment by producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse. However, membrane fouling hinders the widespread application of membrane bioreactors by reducing the hydraulic performance, shortening membrane lifespan, and increasing the operational costs for membrane fouling management. This study assesses the combined effect of membrane surface corrugation and a tilted panel in enhancing the impact of air bubbling for membrane fouling control in activated sludge filtration, applicable for membrane bioreactors. The filterability performance of such a system was further tested under variable parameters: Filtration cycle, aeration rate, and intermittent aeration. Results show that a combination of surface corrugation and panel tilting enhances the impact of aeration and leads to 87% permeance increment. The results of the parametric study shows that the highest permeance was achieved under short filtration-relaxation cycle of 5 min, high aeration rate of 1.5 L/min, and short switching period of 2.5 min, to yield the permeances of 465 ± 18, 447 ± 2, and 369 ± 9 L/(m2h bar), respectively. The high permeances lead to higher operational flux that helps to lower the membrane area as well as energy consumption. Initial estimation of the fully aerated system yields the energy input of 0.152 kWh/m3, much lower than data from the full-scale references of <0.4 kWh/m3. Further energy savings and a lower system footprint can still be achieved by applying the two-sided panel with a switching system, which will be addressed in the future.
Fulltext Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Via Vapour Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

Nawi NIM, Sait NR, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Jaafar J, Nordin NAH, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Jan 29;13(3).
PMID: 33572754 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030427

Membrane-based technology is an attractive option for the treatment of oily wastewater because of its high oil removal efficiency, small footprint and operational simplicity. However, filtration performance is highly restricted by membrane fouling, especially when treating oil/water emulsion as a result of strong interaction between oil droplets and the hydrophobic property of the membrane. This study explores the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membrane via the vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) method while incorporating polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a hydrophilic additive to encounter membrane fouling issues and improve membrane filterability. The resulting membranes were characterized and tested for oil/water emulsion filtration to evaluate their hydraulic, rejection and anti-fouling properties. Results show that the changes in membrane morphology and structure from typical macrovoids with finger-like substructure to cellular structure and larger membrane pore size were observed by the prolonged exposure time from 0 to 30 min through the VIPS method. The enhanced clean water permeability is attributed to the addition of PVP-LiCl in the dope solution that enlarges the mean flow pore size from 0.210 ± 0.1 to 7.709 ± 3.5 µm. The best performing membrane was the VIPS membrane with an exposure time of 5 min (M-5), showing oil/water emulsion permeability of 187 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 and oil rejection of 91.3% as well as an elevation of 84% of clean water permeability compared to pristine PVDF developed using a typical non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Despite the relatively high total fouling, M-5 was able to maintain its high permeability by water flushing as a simple operation for membrane fouling control. The performance was achieved thanks to combination of the large mean flow pore size and hydrophilic property from residual PVP in the membarne matrix. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the optimum VIPS method in the presence of PVP and LiCl additives for oil/water emulsion treatment.
Fulltext Sequencing Batch Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Membrane Process for Treatment of Tapioca Processing Wastewater

Zainuddin NI, Bilad MR, Marbelia L, Budhijanto W, Arahman N, Fahrina A, et al.

Membranes (Basel), 2021 Nov 15;11(11).
PMID: 34832104 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110875

Tapioca processing industries are very popular in the rural community to produce a variety of foods as the end products. Due to their small scales and scattered locations, they require robust modular systems to operate at low capacity with minimum supervision. This study explores the application of a novel sequencing batch-integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane (SB-IFASM) process to treat tapioca processing wastewater for reuse purposes. The SB-IFASM employed a gravity-driven system and utilizes biofilm to enhance biodegradation without requiring membrane cleaning. The SB-IFASM utilizes the biofilm as a secondary biodegradation stage to enhance the permeate quality applicable for reuse. A lab-scale SB-IFASM was developed, preliminarily assessed, and used to treat synthetic tapioca processing industry wastewater. The results of short-term filtration tests showed the significant impact of hydrostatic pressure on membrane compaction and instant cake layer formation. Increasing the pressure from 2.2 to 10 kPa lowered the permeability of clean water and activated sludge from 720 to 425 and from 110 to 50 L/m2·h bar, respectively. The unsteady-state operation of the SB-IFASM showed the prominent role of the bio-cake in removing the organics reaching the permeate quality suitable for reuse. High COD removals of 63-98% demonstrated the prominence contribution of the biofilm in enhancing biological performance and ultimate COD removals of >93% make it very attractive for application in small-scale tapioca processing industries. However, the biological ecosystem was unstable, as shown by foaming that deteriorated permeability and was detrimental to the organic removal. Further developments are still required, particularly to address the biological stability and low permeability.
Fulltext Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia among Orang Asli Children in Malaysia: A Scoping Review

Khalil MKN, Abd Razak MA, Tahir FA, Sahril N, Shahein NA, Rezali MS, et al.

Nutrients, 2023 Mar 20;15(6).
PMID: 36986223 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061493

BACKGROUND: Anaemia continues to be a global public health burden affecting all age groups, particularly children. Indigenous people, including the Orang Asli (OA) population in Malaysia, are at risk of anaemia due to the vast disparities in social determinants of health in their population compared to the non-indigenous population.
OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among OA children in Malaysia and analyse the knowledge gaps.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
RESULTS: This review identified six studies involving the participation of OA children from eight subtribes residing in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall prevalence of anaemia among OA children ranged from 21.6 to 80.0%, with iron deficiency anaemia prevalence at 34.0%. The risk factors of anaemia among OA children reported from one study in this review were being younger than ten years old children (AOR 2.11 (95% CI 1.23, 3.63)) and moderate to heavy Ascaris infections (AOR 2.05 (95% CI 1.12, 3.76)). There was no data from OA children from certain age groups and subtribes. Additionally, there is a paucity of data on risk factors for anaemia among OA children from the currently available evidence.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anaemia among OA children poses a moderate to severe public health concern. Therefore, more comprehensive studies in the future are needed to address the gaps identified in this review, primarily regarding anaemia risk factors. This data would encourage policymakers in devising effective national prevention strategies to improve morbidity and mortality among OA children in the future.
Fulltext One-Pot Polymerization of Dopamine as an Additive to Enhance Permeability and Antifouling Properties of Polyethersulfone Membrane

Mulyati S, Muchtar S, Arahman N, Meirisa F, Syamsuddin Y, Zuhra Z, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Aug 12;12(8).
PMID: 32806565 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081807

This paper reports the fabrication of polyethersulfone membranes via in situ hydrogen peroxide-assisted polymerization of dopamine. The dopamine and hydrogen peroxide were introduced into the dope solution where the polymerization occurred, resulting in a single-step additive formation during membrane fabrication. The effectivity of modification was evaluated through characterizations of the resulting membranes in terms of chemical functional groups, surface morphology, porosity, contact angle, mechanical strength and filtration of humic acid solution. The results confirm that the polydopamine was formed during the dope solution mixing through peroxide-assisted polymerization as proven by the appearance of peaks associated OH and NH groups in the resulting membranes. The presence of polydopamine residual in the membrane matric enhances the pore properties in terms of size and porosity (by a factor of 10), and by lowering the hydrophilicity (from 69° to 53°) which leads to enhanced filtration flux of up to 217 L/m2 h. The presence of the residual polydopamine also enhances membrane surface hydrophilicity which improve the antifouling properties as shown from the flux recovery ratio of > 80%.
Fulltext Poor Self-Rated Health and Associated Factors among Older Persons in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Sahril N, Chan YM, Chan YY, Ahmad NA, Kassim MSA, Shahein NA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 28;20(5).
PMID: 36901351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054342

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the prevalence of poor self-rated health (SRH) in Malaysia and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behavior, chronic diseases, depression, and functional limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) among older persons.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Setting, participants, and outcome measures: We used data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018, a nationwide community-based study. This study was conducted using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Older persons were defined as persons aged 60 years and above. SRH was assessed using the question "How do you rate your general health?" and the answers were "very good", "good", "moderate", "not good", and "very bad". SRH was then grouped into two categories; "Good" (very good and good) and "Poor" (moderate, not good, and very bad). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0.
RESULTS: The prevalence of poor SRH among older persons was 32.6%. Poor SRH was significantly related to physical inactivity, depression, and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs). Multiple logistic regression revealed that poor SRH was positively associated with those who had depression (aOR 2.92, 95% CI:2.01,4.24), limitations in ADLs (aOR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.54), low individual income (aOR 1.66, 95% CI:1.22, 2.26), physical inactivity (aOR 1.40, 95% CI:1.08, 1.82), and hypertension (aOR 1.23, 95% CI:1.02, 1.49).
CONCLUSIONS: Older persons with depression, limitations in ADLs, low income, physical inactivity, and hypertension were significantly associated with poor SRH. These findings provide information to aid health personnel and policymakers in the development and implementation of health promotion and disease prevention programs, as well as adequate evidence in planning different levels of care for the older population.

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