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Fulltext Application of Silicomanganese Fume as a Novel Bridging Material for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Razzaq W, Elkatatny S, Gowida A, Samsuri A

ACS Omega, 2023 Jan 10;8(1):509-518.
PMID: 36643510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05456

Steelmaking industrial waste, that is, silicomanganese fume (SMF), is one of the byproducts obtained during the steelmaking process in an electric submerged arc furnace at 1500 °C. Millions of tons of such wastes are generated yearly and used in different applications such as road construction, cement mortar, recycling into sinter plant, and so forth. In this study, the application of SMF in the drilling operations was investigated by employing SMF as a bridging material (BM) in water-based drilling fluid (WBF). The SMF samples were collected and dry-sieved, and then, the retained particles on each mesh were examined for elemental analysis. Thereafter, a battery of tests was performed using the WBF-SMF system comprising different SMF grades and mixed grades to investigate their bridging performance. The commercial BM (marble) was used as a reference fluid (WBF-marble system) for comparative investigation. The bridging performance of WBF-SMF and WBF-marble systems was tested and compared at 190 °F and 300 psi testing conditions using 10, 12, 20, and 50 μm ceramic discs. The processing techniques have shown that raw SMF does not require prolonged processing steps like the other waste material requires. All the SMF grades have shown homogenous chemical composition in oxides of manganese, silicon, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Moreover, the WBF-SMF system have shown substantial improvement in bridging and sealing performance with average 47, 42, 84, and 75% superior fluid loss performance against 10, 12, 20, and 50 μm ceramic discs, respectively, compared to the WBF-marble system. While comparing the filter cake thickness, the WBF-SMF system has deposited a filter cake with more than 50% reduction in thickness compared to the WBF-marble system for different ceramic-disc sizes. Consequently, this study has introduced SMF as a novel BM with a unique particle size distribution that can be used in WBFs to plug formation pores effectively. In addition, this waste material (SMF) has been investigated as an economical, effortless, readily available, and high-performance material compared to other commonly used BMs.
Assessing the impact of temperature on the duration of COVID-19 transmission in Terengganu, Malaysia: Implications for public health strategies

Noramira SM, Dom NC, Samsuri A

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):122-127.
PMID: 38555896

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic and its associated high morbidity and mortality, continues to be a significant public health concern. This study investigates the influence of temperature variables on COVID-19 transmission in Terengganu, Malaysia, which, despite having experienced a comparatively lower number of cases, presents a unique environment for understanding how temperature factors may play a critical role in virus transmission dynamics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive analysis to assess the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in our study area. To explore the relationship between temperature variables and COVID-19 transmission, we employed Pearson correlation analysis, examining the correlations between daily average, minimum, and maximum temperature data and the temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases as reported by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. This approach allowed us to comprehensively investigate the impact of weather on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.
RESULTS: Our findings reveal a noteworthy correlation (p<0.05) between average and maximum temperatures and COVID-19 transmission, highlighting the influence of weather on disease dynamics. Notably, exceptions were observed in the Hulu Terengganu district, where fewer than 10 cases occurred in each sub-district throughout the study period, warranting special consideration.
CONCLUSION: In summary, our study highlights the significance of temperature in shaping COVID-19 transmission. This stresses the importance of including weather variables in pandemic strategies. We also suggest comparing various cities to broaden our understanding of how weather affects disease spread, aiding future public health efforts.
Fate of napropamide herbicide in selected Malaysian soils

Sadegh-Zadeh F, Wahid SA, Seh-Bardan BJ, Othman R, Omar D

J Environ Sci Health B, 2012;47(2):144-51.
PMID: 22251214 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.624481

This study was carried out to determine the sorption-desorption, degradation and leaching of napropamide in selected Malaysian soils. The sorption capacities of the selected Malaysian soils for napropamide were the following in descending order: Linau > Teringkap > Gunung Berinchang > Jambu > Rudua > Baging soil. The results indicate that napropamide degradation decreased with increasing soil sorption capacity. Napropamide was leached out earlier in the Baging soil than the other soils. Overall, the application of napropamide in the selected Malaysian soils would not pose a threat to the environment except in soil with low organic matter and clay content and high hydraulic conductivity, such as the Baging soil.
Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of empty fruit bunch and rice husk biochars

Claoston N, Samsuri AW, Ahmad Husni MH, Mohd Amran MS

Waste Manag Res, 2014 Apr;32(4):331-9.
PMID: 24643171 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X14525822

Biochar has received great attention recently due to its potential to improve soil fertility and immobilize contaminants as well as serving as a way of carbon sequestration and therefore a possible carbon sink. In this work, a series of biochars were produced from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and rice husk (RH) by slow pyrolysis at different temperatures (350, 500, and 650°C) and their physicochemical properties were analysed. The results indicate that porosity, ash content, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH value of both EFB and RH biochars were increased with temperature; however, yield, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and H, C, and N content were decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The Fourier transform IR spectra were similar for both RH and EFB biochars but the functional groups were more distinct in the EFB biochar spectra. There were reductions in the amount of functional groups as pyrolysis temperature increased especially for the EFB biochar. However, total acidity of the functional groups increased with pyrolysis temperature for both biochars.
Comparison of the carbon-sequestering abilities of pineapple leaf residue chars produced by controlled combustion and by field burning

Leng LY, Husni MH, Samsuri AW

Bioresour Technol, 2011 Nov;102(22):10759-62.
PMID: 21958525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.131

This study was undertaken to compare the chemical properties and yields of pineapple leaf residue (PLR) char produced by field burning (CF) with that produced by a partial combustion of air-dried PLR at 340 °C for 3 h in a furnace (CL). Higher total C, lignin content, and yield from CL as well as the presence of aromatic compounds in the Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the char produced from CL suggest that the CL process was better in sequestering C than was the CF process. Although the C/N ratio of char produced from CL was low indicating a high N content of the char, the C in the char produced from CL was dominated by lignin suggesting that the decomposition of char produced from CL would be slow. To sequester C by char application, the PLR should be combusted in a controlled process rather than by burning in the field.
Bioavailability and mobility of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese in gold mine tailings amended with rice husk ash and Fe-coated rice husk ash

Tariq FS, Samsuri AW, Karam DS, Aris AZ, Jamilu G

Environ Monit Assess, 2019 Mar 21;191(4):232.
PMID: 30900076 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7359-6

This study was conducted to determine the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) and Fe-coated rice husk ash (Fe-RHA) on the bioavailability and mobility of As, Cd, and Mn in mine tailings. The amendments were added to the tailings at 0, 5, 10, or 20% (w/w) and the mixtures were incubated for 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The CaCl2 extractable As, Cd, and Mn in the amended tailings were determined at each interval of incubation period. In addition, the tailings mixture was leached with simulated rain water (SRW) every week from 0 day (D 0) until day 60 (D 60). The results showed that both RHA and Fe-RHA application significantly decreased the CaCl2-extractable Cd and Mn but increased that of As in the tailings throughout the incubation period. Consequently, addition of both RHA and Fe-RHA leached out higher amount of As from the tailings but decreased Cd and Mn concentration compared to the controls. The amount of As leached from the Fe-RHA-amended tailings was less than that from RHA-amended tailings. Application of both RHA and Fe-RHA could be an effective way in decreasing the availability of cationic heavy metals (Cd and Mn) in the tailings but these amendments could result in increasing the availability of anionic metalloid (As). Therefore, selection of organic amendments to remediate metal-contaminated tailings must be done with great care because the outcomes might be different among the elements.
Fulltext Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solution by Optimized Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Biochar as Low Cost Adsorbent

Zamani SA, Yunus R, Samsuri AW, Salleh MAM, Asady B

Bioinorg Chem Appl, 2017;2017:7914714.
PMID: 28420949 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7914714

This study aims to produce optimized biochar from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), as a green, low cost adsorbent for uptake of zinc from aqueous solution. The impact of pyrolysis conditions, namely, highest treatment temperature (HTT), heating rate (HR), and residence time (RT) on biochar yield and adsorption capacity towards zinc, was investigated. Mathematical modeling and optimization of independent variables were performed employing response surface methodology (RSM). HTT was found to be the most influential variable, followed by residence time and heating rate. Based on the central composite design (CCD), two quadratic models were developed to correlate three independent variables to responses. The optimum production condition for OPEFB biochar was found as follows: HTT of 615°C, HR of 8°C/min, and RT of 128 minutes. The optimum biochar showed 15.18 mg/g adsorption capacity for zinc and 25.49% of yield which was in agreement with the predicted values, satisfactory. Results of the characterization of optimum product illustrated well-developed BET surface area and porous structure in optimum product which favored its sorptive ability.
Fulltext Microbial Decolorization of Triazo Dye, Direct Blue 71: An Optimization Approach Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Zin KM, Effendi Halmi MI, Abd Gani SS, Zaidan UH, Samsuri AW, Abd Shukor MY

Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:2734135.
PMID: 32149095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2734135

The release of wastewater from textile dyeing industrial sectors is a huge concern with regard to pollution as the treatment of these waters is truly a challenging process. Hence, this study investigates the triazo bond Direct Blue 71 (DB71) dye decolorization and degradation dye by a mixed bacterial culture in the deficiency source of carbon and nitrogen. The metagenomics analysis found that the microbial community consists of a major bacterial group of Acinetobacter (30%), Comamonas (11%), Aeromonadaceae (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), Flavobacterium (8%), Porphyromonadaceae (6%), and Enterobacteriaceae (4%). The richest phylum includes Proteobacteria (78.61%), followed by Bacteroidetes (14.48%) and Firmicutes (3.08%). The decolorization process optimization was effectively done by using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The experimental variables of dye concentration, yeast extract, and pH show a significant effect on DB71 dye decolorization percentage. Over a comparative scale, the ANN model has higher prediction and accuracy in the fitness compared to the RSM model proven by approximated R2 and AAD values. The results acquired signify an efficient decolorization of DB71 dye by a mixed bacterial culture.
Recent progress on hard carbon and other anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Shafiee FN, Mohd Noor SA, Mohd Abdah MAA, Jamal SH, Samsuri A

Heliyon, 2024 Apr 30;10(8):e29512.
PMID: 38699753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29512

The incorporation of intermittent renewable energy sources into a consistently controlled power transmission system hinges on advancements in energy storage technologies. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a primary and viable alternative material due to their electrochemical activity, presenting a potential replacement for the next generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy storage materials. However, this transition may necessitate significant alterations in the anode material, given the incompatibility of the current anode with sodium ions and the electrolyte. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various anode materials employed in SIBs, categorized according to their storage mechanisms. Additionally, it explores the growing focus on utilizing hard carbon as an anode material, driven by factors such as its relatively high specific capacity compared to graphite, cost-effective production, and eco-friendly properties as it can be derived from biomass. The review further addresses recent progress in hard carbon, detailing production methods, modifications, challenges, limitations in integrating hard carbon into the anode of SIBs, and suggests potential directions for future research.
A green stabilizer for Nitrate ester-based propellants: An overview

Rusly SNA, Jamal SH, Samsuri A, Mohd Noor SA, Abdul Rahim KS

Heliyon, 2024 Nov 15;10(21):e39631.
PMID: 39524708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39631

The field of propellants has recently witnessed dynamic shift, including advancements in propulsion technology and a growing emphasis on the development of environmentally friendly propellants. Nitrate ester (NE) are extensively used in solid propellants, exhibiting chemical instability as they undergo decomposition reactions. Stabilization is a crucial aspect in propellant, ensuring the safety and reliable performance of energetic materials. Stabilizer plays a vital role in inhibiting or slowing down the autocatalytic decomposition reaction of propellants. In response to grow health and environmental concerns, there is a continuous effort to explore and evaluate green stabilizers designed to replace traditional stabilizers, which have been associated with adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the current research carried out in the field of NE-based propellants, emphasizing the most significant work undertaken on green stabilizer materials for NE-based propellants. A comprehensive review of various environmentally friendly and low-toxicity stabilizers employed in propellants are presented, and their effects on the stability and shelf-life performance of NE-based propellants are discussed. Furthermore, this paper delves into the stabilization mechanisms of green stabilizers to mitigate decomposition reactions, thereby preventing unwanted side effects and ensuring long-term storage stability. Through a comprehensive review of recent developments, the manuscript highlights the successes and challenges associated with the incorporation of green stabilizers in NE-based propellants formulations. Finally, the review concludes by outlining future research directions and opportunities for innovation in sustainable and green stabilizers as well as key issues that need to be addressed and resolved. The comprehensive review and insights provided in this study contribute to the ongoing efforts in developing safer and more sustainable propellant technologies.
Correction: Carbon nanotubes: functionalisation and their application in chemical sensors

Norizan MN, Moklis MH, Ngah Demon SZ, Halim NA, Samsuri A, Mohamad IS, et al.

RSC Adv, 2024 Mar 20;14(14):9570.
PMID: 38516155 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra90025a

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09438B.].
Fulltext Carbon nanotubes: functionalisation and their application in chemical sensors

Norizan MN, Moklis MH, Ngah Demon SZ, Halim NA, Samsuri A, Mohamad IS, et al.

RSC Adv, 2020 Nov 27;10(71):43704-43732.
PMID: 35519676 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09438b

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognised as a promising material in a wide range of applications, from safety to energy-related devices. However, poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilisation and applications of carbon nanotubes. As studies progressed, the methodology for CNTs dispersion was established. The current state of research in CNTs either single wall or multiwall/polymer nanocomposites has been reviewed in context with the various types of functionalisation presently employed. Functionalised CNTs have been playing an increasingly central role in the research, development, and application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials and systems. The extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, geometry, and hollow structure of nanomaterials are ideal for the adsorption of gas molecules. This offers great potential applications, such as in gas sensor devices working at room temperature. Particularly, the advent of CNTs has fuelled the invention of CNT-based gas sensors which are very sensitive to the surrounding environment. The presence of O2, NH3, NO2 gases and many other chemicals and molecules can either donate or accept electrons, resulting in an alteration of the overall conductivity. Such properties make CNTs ideal for nano-scale gas-sensing materials. Conductive-based devices have already been demonstrated as gas sensors. However, CNTs still have certain limitations for gas sensor application, such as a long recovery time, limited gas detection, and weakness to humidity and other gases. Therefore, the nanocomposites of interest consisting of polymer and CNTs have received a great deal of attention for gas-sensing application due to higher sensitivity over a wide range of gas concentrations at room temperature compared to only using CNTs and the polymer of interest separately.
Molybdenum oxide-based catalyst towards better hydrogen production: effects of isothermal carburization

Latif MN, Rahim NSA, Samidin S, Jamal SH, Yusop MR, Isahak WNRW, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Apr 03.
PMID: 38568305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33060-z

Hydrogen (H2) represents a promising avenue for reducing carbon emissions in energy systems. However, achieving its widespread adoption requires more effective and scalable synthesis methods. Herein, we investigated the isothermal carburization process of the MoO3 catalyst. This reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 700 °C in a 60% CO/He stream, with hold reaction times varying (60-min, 90-min, and 120-min). This investigation was conducted using a micro-reactor Autochem with the aim of enhancing the yield of H2. The study focused on evaluating the chemical reduction and carburization behavior of the MoO3 catalyst through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and CHNS elemental analysis. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of carbides, Mo2C, and MoO2, serving as active sites for subsequent H2 production in the thermochemical water splitting (TWS) process. The carburization at a 60-min hold time exhibited enhanced H2 production, generating approximately ~ 6.60 µmol of H2 with a yield of up to ~ 32.90% and a conversion rate of ~ 54.83%. This finding emphasizes the essential role played by the formation of carbides, particularly Mo2C, in the carburization process, contributing significantly to the facilitation of H2 production. These carbides serve as exceptionally active catalytic sites that actively promote the generation of hydrogen. This study underscores that the optimized duration of catalyst exposure is a key factor influencing the successful carburization of MoO3 catalysts. This emphasizes how important carbide species are to increasing H2 efficiency. Additionally, it is noted that carbon formation on the MoO3 active sites can act as a potential poison to the catalysts, leading to rapid deactivation after prolonged exposure to the CO precursor.

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