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Fulltext Synthesis of bisindolylmethanes and their cytotoxicity properties

Naidu KR, Khalivulla SI, Rasheed S, Fakurazi S, Arulselvan P, Lasekan O, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(1):1843-53.
PMID: 23325050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011843

Polymer supported dichlorophosphate (PEG-OPOCl(2)) is an efficient green catalyst for the electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with aromatic aldehydes, in neat condition, to afford an excellent yield of bis(indolyl) methanes with short reaction time, at room temperature. The synthesized compounds and their anti-cancer activity are evaluated.
Perceived changes in symptoms and quality-of-life amongst patients with dizziness: A single-centre experience in Malaysia

Wong KYR, Abdul Rasheed SRSMA, Jamaluddin SA, Hussein Al-Hadeethi YF

Med J Malaysia, 2022 Nov;77(6):730-735.
PMID: 36448392

INTRODUCTION: Dizziness is a common complaint by patients, yet it always presents as a diagnostic challenge to the attending clinician. An accurate diagnosis is essential to correctly administer the precise treatment regime, alleviate the symptoms, and improve the quality-of-life of patients who present with dizziness. A specialised vestibular clinic with a holistic approach of meticulous history-taking, complete physical examination, a collection of audiovestibular test battery, and facilities for vestibular rehabilitation was set up to assist in the management of these patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of vestibular clinic intervention on the symptoms and qualityof- life of patients who were managed in the vestibular clinic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 new patients who were managed in the vestibular clinic were selected and the validated Malay - Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire (My-VRBQ) was completed during the first and follow-up visits to measure the changes in symptoms and quality-of-life before and after receiving care at the vestibular clinic.
RESULTS: Our study showed that there was a positive effect of vestibular clinic intervention on the symptoms and quality-of-life of patients who were managed by the vestibular clinic. Statistically significant improvements were seen in the total My-VRBQ scores, symptoms scores, and quality-of-life scores. The subscale scores of dizziness, anxiety, and motion-provoked dizziness also showed statistically significant improvement among the patients who received care at the vestibular clinic.
CONCLUSION: This indicates that the vestibular clinic was an essential part of the work-up, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with dizziness; and a specialised vestibular clinic was able to bring about positive outcomes in the symptoms and quality-of-life of patients with balance disorders.
Fulltext A comprehensive review of security threats and solutions for the online social networks industry

Nawaz NA, Ishaq K, Farooq U, Khalil A, Rasheed S, Abid A, et al.

PeerJ Comput Sci, 2023;9:e1143.
PMID: 37346522 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1143

The term "cyber threats" refers to the new category of hazards that have emerged with the rapid development and widespread use of computing technologies, as well as our growing reliance on them. This article presents an in-depth study of a variety of security and privacy threats directed at different types of users of social media sites. Furthermore, it focuses on different risks while sharing multimedia content across social networking platforms, and discusses relevant prevention measures and techniques. It also shares methods, tools, and mechanisms for safer usage of online social media platforms, which have been categorized based on their providers including commercial, open source, and academic solutions.
Fulltext Synthesis of 4-methoxybenzoylhydrazones and evaluation of their antiglycation activity

Taha M, Naz H, Rasheed S, Ismail NH, Rahman AA, Yousuf S, et al.

Molecules, 2014 Jan 21;19(1):1286-301.
PMID: 24451249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011286

A series of 4-methoxybenzoylhydrazones 1-30 was synthesized and the structures of the synthetic derivatives elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The compounds showed a varying degree of antiglycation activity, with IC50 values ranging between 216.52 and 748.71 µM, when compared to a rutin standard (IC50=294.46±1.50 µM). Compounds 1 (IC50=216.52±4.2 µM), 3 (IC50=289.58±2.64 µM), 6 (IC50=227.75±0.53 µM), 7 (IC50=242.53±6.1) and 11 (IC50=287.79±1.59) all showed more activity that the standard, and these compounds have the potential to serve as possible leads for drugs to inhibit protein glycation in diabetic patients. A preliminary SAR study was performed.
Stakeholder perspectives of mental healthcare services in Bangladesh, its challenges and opportunities: a qualitative study

Koly KN, Saba J, Rao M, Rasheed S, Reidpath DD, Armstrong S, et al.

Glob Ment Health (Camb), 2024;11:e37.
PMID: 38572252 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.30

This study explores Bangladesh's mental health services from an individual- and system-level perspective and provides insights and recommendations for strengthening it's mental health system. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions. Thirty-one participants were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods. All interviews and group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and key findings were translated from Bengali to English. Data were coded manually and analysed using a thematic and narrative analysis approach. Stakeholders perceived scarcity of service availability at the peripheral level, shortage of professionals, weak referral systems, lack of policy implementation and regulatory mechanisms were significant challenges to the mental health system in Bangladesh. At the population level, low levels of mental health literacy, high societal stigma, and treatment costs were barriers to accessing mental healthcare. Key recommendations included increasing the number of mental health workers and capacity building, strengthening regulatory mechanisms to enhance the quality of care within the health systems, and raising awareness about mental health. Introducing measures that relate to tackling stigma, mental health literacy as well as building the capacity of the health workforce and governance systems will help ensure universal mental health coverage.
Fulltext Isolation of Antidiabetic Withanolides from Withania coagulans Dunal and Their In Vitro and In Silico Validation

Maher S, Choudhary MI, Saleem F, Rasheed S, Waheed I, Halim SA, et al.

Biology (Basel), 2020 Jul 30;9(8).
PMID: 32751610 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080197

Withania coagulans (W. coagulans) is well-known in herbal medicinal systems for its high biological potential. Different parts of the plant are used against insomnia, liver complications, asthma, and biliousness, as well as it is reported to be sedative, emetic, diuretic, antidiabetic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic, cardiovascular, immuno-suppressive and central nervous system depressant. Withanolides present in W. coagulans have attracted an immense interest in the scientific field due to their diverse therapeutic applications. The current study deals with chemical and biological evaluation of chloroform, and n-butanol fractions of W. coagulans. The activity-guided fractionation of both extracts via multiple chromatographic steps and structure elucidation of pure isolates using spectroscopies (NMR, mass spectrometry, FTIR and UV-Vis) led to the identification of a new withanolide glycoside, withacogulanoside-B (1) from n-butanol extract and five known withanolides from chloroform extract [withanolid J (2), coagulin E (3), withaperuvin C (4), 27-hydroxywithanolide I (5), and ajugin E (6)]. Among the tested compounds, compound 5 was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with IC50 = 66.7 ± 3.6 µM, followed by compound 4 (IC50: 407 ± 4.5 µM) and compound 2 (IC50: 683 ± 0.94 µM), while no antiglycation activity was observed with the six isolated compounds. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding potential and binding site interactions of these compounds as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Consequently, this study provides basis to discover specific antidiabetic compounds from W. coagulans.
New isolate from Salvinia molesta with antioxidant and urease inhibitory activity

Naheed N, Maher S, Saleem F, Khan A, Wadood A, Rasheed S, et al.

Drug Dev Res, 2021 12;82(8):1169-1181.
PMID: 33983647 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21831

Urease plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis pyelonephritis, urinary catheter encrustation, hepatic coma, hepatic encephalopathy, and peptic acid duodenal ulcers. Salvinia molesta was explored to identify new bioactive compounds with particular emphasis on urease inhibitors. The aqueous methanol extract was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity. A series of column chromatography and later HPLC were performed on butanol extract. The structures of the resulting pure compounds were resolved using NMR (1D and 2D), infrared, and mass spectroscopy. The novel isolate was evaluated for antioxidant activity (using DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging, oxidative burst, and Fe+2 chelation assays), anti-glycation behavior, anticancer activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and urease inhibition. One new glucopyranose derivative 6'-O-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4'-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-α/β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and four known glycosides were identified. Glycoside 1 demonstrated promising antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 48.2 ± 0.3, 60.3 ± 0.6, and 42.1 ± 1.8 μM against DPPH, superoxide radical, and oxidative burst, respectively. Its IC50 in the Jack bean urease inhibition assay was 99.1 ± 0.8 μM. The mechanism-based kinetic studies presented that compound 1 is a mixed-type inhibitor of urease with a Ki value of 91.8 ± 0.1 μM. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations exploring the binding mode of compound 1 with urease provided quantitative agreement between estimated binding free energies and the experimental results. The studies corroborate the use of compound 1 as a lead for QSAR studies as an antioxidant and urease inhibitor. Moreover, it needs to be further evaluated through the animal model, that is, in vivo or tissue culture-based ex-vivo studies, to establish their therapeutic potential against oxidative stress phosphodiesterase-II and urease-induced pathologies.