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The significance of amelogenin loci from toothpicks as forensic evidence for sex determination

Kurniawan A, Rizky BN, Chusida A, Prakoeswa BFWR, Athalia SA, Malau STJ, et al.

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2023 Feb;18(1):148-153.
PMID: 36398010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.07.010

Objective: DNA analysis has become the gold standard of all identification methods in forensic science. There are several primary and secondary sources of DNA samples in the field of forensics. Primary sources can be obtained directly from individuals, whereas secondary sources of DNA samples include items used by someone such as clothes, toothbrushes, and toothpicks. In Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and Indonesia, toothpicks are often used, as the tip of toothpicks used to clear food particles in the interdental regions can be utilized to capture DNA samples from saliva. The use of saliva samples for DNA analysis in sex identification is based on short tandem repeats with the amelogenin (AMG) locus. The purpose of this study was to examine the concentration and purity of DNA on toothpicks as evidence in criminal case investigations, as well as its potential as sex determination material.
Methods: Eight subjects were instructed to clean the interproximal side of their posterior teeth using a toothpick. Each toothpick sample was kept for 0 days (as a control), 14 days, and 20 days. The purity and DNA concentration of each sample were determined through DNA examination. After determining the concentration and purity of DNA from each sample, electrophoresis of the AMG loci was performed for sex determination.
Results: This study showed that the average concentration of DNA on toothpicks ranged from 425.25 to 796.25 μg/ml, and the average purity of DNA ranged from 1.09 to 1.13 μg/ml. The AMG gene produces 112 and 116 base pair amplicons from the X and Y chromosomes.
Conclusion: Sex determination using DNA can be done using AMG loci, a protein found on the sex chromosomes (X and Y). The value of DNA concentration on toothpicks could be used to support forensic identification after 20 days at room temperature.
Fulltext Age estimation from mandibles in Malay: A 2D geometric morphometric analysis

Zulkifli NAF, Mohd Saaid NAS, Alias A, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Woon CK, Kurniawan A, et al.

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2023 Dec;18(6):1435-1445.
PMID: 38162871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.020

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the sizes and forms of mandibles in various age groups of the Malay population were measured and compared.
METHODS: Geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of mandibles from 400 dental panoramic tomography (DPT) specimens was conducted. The MorphoJ program was used to perform generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), Procrustes ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and canonical variate analysis (CVA). In the tpsDig2 program, the 27 landmarks were applied to the DPT radiographs. Variations in mandibular size and form were categorized into four age groups: group 1 (15-24 years), group 2 (25-34 years), group 3 (35-44 years), and group 4 (45-54 years).
RESULTS: The diversity in mandibular shape among the first eight principal components was 81%. Procrustes ANOVA revealed significant shape differences (P
Exploring the feasibility of smartphone cameras for 3D modelling of bite patterns in forensic dental identification

Kurniawan A, Hamdani J, Chusida A, Utomo H, Rizky BN, Prakoeswa BFWR, et al.

Leg Med (Tokyo), 2024 Mar;67:102399.
PMID: 38219704 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102399

The field of bitemark analysis involves examining physical alterations in a medium resulting from contact with teeth and other oral structures. Various techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, have been developed in recent decades to ensure precise analysis of bitemarks. This study assessed the precision of using a smartphone camera to generate 3D models of bitemark patterns. A 3D model of the bite mark pattern was created using 3Shape TRIOSTM and a smartphone camera combined with monoscopic photogrammetry. The mesiodistal dimensions of the anterior teeth were measured using Rapidform Explorer and OrtogOnBlender, and the collected data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 23.0. The mean mesiodistal dimension of the anterior teeth, as measured on the 3D model from 3Shape TRIOSTM and smartphone cameras, was found to be 6.95 ± 0.7667 mm and 6.94 ± 0.7639 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two measurement methods, p > 0.05. The outcomes derived from this study unequivocally illustrate that a smartphone camera possessing the specific parameters detailed in this study can create a 3D representation of bite patterns with an accuracy level on par with the outputs of a 3D intraoral camera. These findings underscore the promising trajectory of merging smartphone cameras and monoscopic photogrammetry techniques, positioning them as a budget-friendly avenue for 3D bitemark analysis. Notably, the monoscopic photogrammetry methodology assumes substantial significance within forensic odontology due to its capacity for precise 3D reconstructions and the preservation of critical measurement data.

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