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  1. Sairah Abd Karim, Nur Atiqah Mohd Yusuf Yeo, Zajmi, Asdren
    MyJurnal
    The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible synergistic interaction on the antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy of Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum extracts. The antibacterial combination effect was evaluated against acne bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus) through the disc diffusion test by Kirby-Bauer method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and checkerboard assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging by spectrophotometric assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results showed that the extraction of Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum possessed a high phenolic content, which were 101.0 mg GAE/g and 83.7 mg GAE/g respectively. Meanwhile, the DPPH test showed that the percentage of radical scavenging activity increased gradually in accordance with the concentration of extracts used, and the IC50 of Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum were 1.4 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL respectively. Both extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities with the inhibition zone ranging from 17.0 to 21.0 mm for Nigella sativa and 16.0 to 19.0 mm for Syzygium aromaticum. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for both extracts were within the value of 9.04 – 18.6 mg/mL for Nigella sativa while the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 18.06 – 37.5 mg/mL. The combination of both plant extracts produced an indifferent effect against Staphylococcus aureus (∑FIC = 1.5) and Propionibacterium acnes (∑FIC = 4.0). The results provide evidence that the combination of Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum has a significant potential as a source of safe and effective natural antibacterial and antioxidant agent in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, an extensive study would be able to identify the bioactive compounds, mode of action and toxic effect in vivo of Nigella sativa and Syzygium aromaticum.
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