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Fulltext Contribution of faculty developmental programmes to professional identity development of medical educators in Malaysia: A phenomenological study

Nor MZM

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2019 Aug;14(4):324-331.
PMID: 31488963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.06.001

OBJECTIVE: Professional identity development (PID) of academicians is triggered by numerous elements, including faculty development programmes (FDP). The study aims at exploring how FDPs contribute to PID among junior medical educationists.
METHODS: A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in six Malaysian public medical schools from 15th March to 15th April 2019. A total of 10 junior medical educationists participated in the study. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select eligible participants. A series of semi-structured interviews was conducted to collect the data using a pre-determined interview protocol. The collected data were then analysed using open, axial, and selective coding methods assisted by ATLAS.ti software.
RESULTS: Three themes (i.e. personal growth, professional growth, and self-reflective practice) and nine sub-themes (i.e. self-awareness, intention, internal satisfaction, career pathway, maintaining professional skills, acquiring new knowledge, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and areas for improvement) emerged from the data analysis.
CONCLUSION: The study showed that PID could be developed through personal growth, professional growth, and self-reflective practice. Policymakers should focus on these characteristics during training sessions designed for the professional development of their medical faculty staff.
Fulltext Performance of a Two-Stage Membrane System for Bromelain Separation from Pineapple Waste Mixture as Impacted by Enzymatic Pretreatment and Diafiltration

Nor MZM, Ramchandran L, Duke M, Vasiljevic T

Food Technol Biotechnol, 2018 Jun;56(2):218-227.
PMID: 30228796 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5478

Membrane technology has been successfully applied for the purification of bromelain, a protease enzyme from pineapple. However, the current system operates less optimally in terms of flux and separation primarily due to properties of the feed, such as viscosity. Hence, in this study, enzymatic pretreatment and diafiltration operation were employed in a two-stage ultrafiltration (UF) system to enhance the performance of the purification and concentration process of bromelain enzyme from an extract of pineapple crude waste mixture (CWM). Pretreatment of the CWM extract using either pectinase or cellulase, or the combination of both, was applied and compared regarding the apparent viscosity reduction. Diafiltration step was introduced in UF stage 2 and observations on the flux performance, enzyme recovery and enzyme purity were made. A 12% apparent viscosity reduction was achieved when the CWM extract was pretreated with pectinase which led to 37-38% improvement in the flux performance of both UF stages, as well as higher enzyme recovery in UF stage 1. The introduction of diafiltration mode in UF stage 2 managed to sustain high flux values while yielding 4.4-fold enzyme purity (higher than a 2.5-fold purity achieved in our previous work); however, high diluent consumption was needed. The outcomes of this study showed that the flux performance and bromelain separation can be enhanced by reducing the viscosity with the employment of enzymatic pretreatment and diafiltration operation. Thus, both techniques can be potentially applied in a large-scale membrane-based process for bromelain production.
Fulltext Using Kahoot! as a formative assessment tool in medical education: a phenomenological study

Ismail MA, Ahmad A, Mohammad JA, Fakri NMRM, Nor MZM, Pa MNM

BMC Med Educ, 2019 Jun 25;19(1):230.
PMID: 31238926 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1658-z

BACKGROUND: Gamification is an increasingly common phenomenon in education. It is a technique to facilitate formative assessment and to promote student learning. It has been shown to be more effective than traditional methods. This phenomenological study was conducted to explore the advantages of gamification through the use of the Kahoot! platform for formative assessment in medical education.
METHODS: This study employed a phenomenological design. Five focus groups were conducted with medical students who had participated in several Kahoot! sessions.
RESULTS: Thirty-six categories and nine sub-themes emerged from the focus group discussions. They were grouped into three themes: attractive learning tool, learning guidance and source of motivation.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that Kahoot! sessions motivate students to study, to determine the subject matter that needs to be studied and to be aware of what they have learned. Thus, the platform is a promising tool for formative assessment in medical education.
Fulltext Scoping Review of frequently highlighted attributes of Medical Professionalism in an Undergraduate Medical Education Context

Sattar K, Yusoff MSB, Arifin WN, Yasin MAM, Nor MZM

Pak J Med Sci, 2021 7 23;37(4):1221-1229.
PMID: 34290812 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.4.4004

Background and Objectives: Medical Professionalism (MP) establishes the trust between society and doctors. We aimed at finding frequently highlighted qualities of MP in the literature.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus for attributes of MP, using terms, "Professionalism," "Medical Students," and "Undergraduate Medical Education". We included English language, original research articles with MP attributes from the perspective of undergraduate medical education, any nationality, race, gender, and age range, as the central topic of the article. Papers published from January 1st 1986 to 29th February 2020 were included.
Results: From 1349 identified articles, finally, 18 were included, authored in 10 countries, collectively contributing to answering the scoping review question. Two themes were identified: (1) Nurturing of MP, 11 (61.11%) out of 18 included articles, highlighted "respect" as the most dominant attribute as it appeared in 6 (54.55%) out of 11 reviews, "communication" 5 (45.45 %) studies and "honesty" and "integrity" 4 (36.36%). (2) Assessment of MP, 7 (38.89%) studies, and majority, 4 (57.14 %) assessed MP using American Board of Internal Medicine's elements of MP, viz, "altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, honor and integrity, respect for others."
Conclusions: Themes exemplified MP's most discoursed issues. The attributes are frequently used worldwide. MP deliberates as a commitment toward the individual patient, society, and necessitates transforming from its present generic form to more explicit details.