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Fulltext Young Lady with Bilateral Yellowish Lesions on Her Eyelids

Ishak A, Mohd Yusoff SS, Wan Abdullah W

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):44-46.
PMID: 30800235 MyJurnal

A 26-year-old woman with an unknown medical illness presented with yellowish skin lesions around both eyes, visible for the past 4 years. The lesions were neither itchy nor tender and had increased gradually in size. She had neither constitutional nor hyperthyroidism symptoms. She is the youngest out of four siblings, and none of her family members have cardiovascular disease or similar problems. Upon examination, there were bilateral yellowish plaques over the periorbital region. Her body mass index (BMI) was 23.8 kg/m2. Her vital signs were all normal at every visit.
Fulltext An association of myasthenia gravis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient with a multinodular goitre

Mohamed N, Mohd Zin F, Mohd Yusoff SS

Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(2):29-31.
PMID: 29423128

Introduction: The association of myasthenia gravis (MG) with other autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is well recognised, although rare. The occurrence of both diseases can occur in two ways: either disease preceding the other, or concurrently. The presentation of MG in association with ATD can range from ocular to generalised disease.

Case Summary: A 26-year-old Malay female with persistent hyperthyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in multinodular goitre was diagnosed with generalised MG after 2 years. She presented with right eye ptosis (ocular) and difficulty in swallowing and chewing (bulbar). The diagnosis of MG was confirmed by fatigability testing, electromyography and the presence of AChR antibodies. Her symptoms showed improvement with pyridostigmine (Mestinon) 60 mg 6-hourly. Her antithyroid drug was tapered down according to her thyroid function test. Throughout a year of follow-ups, her hyperthyroidism and fatigability symptoms improved with treatment. She was later counselled for total thyroidectomy and thymectomy.

Conclusion: Myasthenia gravis and hyperthyroidism may present with similar symptoms such as dysphagia due to neuromuscular weakness or fatigue. When the diseases occur together, one of the diagnoses may be missed. Therefore, the occurrence of new symptoms in a patient with underlying ATD should should trigger the early identification of other autoimmune diseases by primary care doctors.
Fulltext Self-Efficacy for Coping with Breast Cancer in North-Eastern State of Peninsular Malaysia

Ali R, Draman N, Mohd Yusoff SS, Norsa'adah B

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 Oct 01;21(10):2971-2978.
PMID: 33112556 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.10.2971

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Malaysian women and its association with socio-demographic and clinical variables.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 168 women diagnosed with breast cancer. The inclusion criteria were age >18 years old, having histologically confirmed breast cancer, and being diagnosed between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012. The exclusion criteria were being illiterate and having cognitive impairment. For data collection patients' medical records and the Cancer Behaviour Inventory-Brief (CBI-B) Malay version questionnaire were used. Simple and multiple logistic regression methods were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: Patients' mean (SD) age was 51.4 (10.8) years old. Most of the patients were Malays, married, diagnosed at stage 2 breast cancer (41%), and completed their breast cancer treatment. The mean score for self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer was 83.67 (95% CI: 81.87, 85.47). The significant factors positively correlated with self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer were higher educational background and a higher family income. However, factors such as a family history of breast cancer and breast surgery reduced the mean score of self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: The mean score of self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer in this study was moderate. Self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was not adequate among sufferers and improvement is needed probably by providing education to these patients.
Fulltext Diabetes self-care and its associated factors among elderly diabetes in primary care

Ishak NH, Mohd Yusoff SS, Rahman RA, Kadir AA

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2017 Dec;12(6):504-511.
PMID: 31435286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.03.008

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a primarily self-manageable condition. Healthcare professionals usually offer education, treatment, and support, but patients themselves are responsible for the daily management of their condition. Increasing the effectiveness of self-management support may have a considerable impact on health care, especially for elderly people. The aim of this study was to describe diabetes self-care among elderly diabetics and to determine its associated factors.
METHODS: This report describes a cross-sectional study involving 143 elderly diabetes patients in the outpatient department of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Self-care activities assessed in this study included dietary control, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, and situational related adherence behaviour, all of which were obtained using the validated Malay Elderly Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire (MEDSCaQ).
RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of the subjects was 67.9 (±5.4) years old. A majority was Malay, with a mean HbA1c of 8.4 (±1.9). The mean diabetes self-care score was 26.5 (±8.0). Factors with a positive impact on diabetes self-care included being non-Malay (β = 5.275, p = 0.002), having family as care givers (β = 8.995, p = 0.004), having a higher level of family support (β = 0.159, p = 0.042), and possessing acceptable (β = 4.375, p = 0.001) or good knowledge of diabetes (β = 5.893, p = 0.004). The presence of neuropathy negatively impacted self-care, while diabetes nephropathy had a positive impact on self care (β = -4.053, p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes in HUSM have a moderate score of diabetes self-care practice based on the MEDSCaQ. Determinants for good diabetes self-care include race, social support, having care-takers during periods of illness, diabetes knowledge, and diabetic microvascular complications.
Study site: outpatient department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
A Rare Case of an Infant with Left Hemiparesis: A Case Report of Bilateral Open-lip Schizencephaly

Siti BC, Zulkifli MM, Mohd Yusoff SS, Muhamad R, Ahmad TM

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):90-94.
PMID: 33329869

Schizencephaly is a very rare congenital birth defect. It is characterized by a cortical brain malformation that manifests as a grey-matter-lined cleft extending from the ependyma to the pia mater. It is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact cause is unknown. Herein, we report a case of an infant presenting with left side hemiparesis. The CT scan of her brain revealed right fronto-temporal and left parieto-temporal open-lip schizencephaly; thus, urgent referral to a pediatric neurologist was made for early intervention.
Knowledge, Decision-Making and Acceptance of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination among Parents of Primary School Students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Mohd Sopian M, Shaaban J, Mohd Yusoff SS, Wan Mohamad WMZ

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Jun 25;19(6):1509-1514.
PMID: 29936724

Background: The incidence of cervical cancer in younger women remains high. This is worrisome as it affects
future generations. Therefore Malaysia implements human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination as a national vaccination
program. Parents play an important role in determining the success of this HPV vaccination program among schoolaged
girls by their compliance. Objective: To assess parental knowledge, decision-making and acceptance of HPV
vaccination. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 280 randomly selected parents of primary
school students aged 11 in Kota Bharu using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge and
decision-making with regard to HPV vaccination. Results: Most parents (62%) were shown to have poor knowledge
while most decision-making was shared. Age of respondents (adjusted odds ratio ‘AOR’= 1.09; 95% confidence interval
‘CI’= 1.04-1.14; p <0.001) and good knowledge of HPV vaccination (AOR= 16.32; 95% CI= 7.32-36.4; p <0.001) were
significantly associated with HPV vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: The majority of parents exhibited poor knowledge
which may affect their decision-making and uptake of HPV vaccination among their children. This highlights the need
to better educate parents on HPV vaccination.
Fulltext Mammogram Screening Uptake and Its Associated Factors among Female Staff in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

Mohd Azmi NA, Muhammad J, Mohd Yusoff SS, Nik Hussin NR

Malays J Med Sci, 2023 Oct;30(5):144-154.
PMID: 37928792 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.12

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is among the most common cancers in Malaysia and around the world. Early detection is essential to improve outcomes, increase survival and reduce the death rate. Breast cancer screening via mammography is one of the proven effective methods. Health staff plays an important role to increase awareness and promote mammogram screening in the community. This study aims to determine the prevalence of mammogram screening and its associated factors among the female staff at Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the female staff aged 50 years old and above in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and the Viarad online system. The questionnaires include sociodemographic information, medical factors, knowledge regarding breast cancer and health beliefs about breast cancer. The Viarad online system was used to trace data of mammogram findings for those who underwent mammogram screening.
RESULTS: Among 260 participants, the prevalence of mammogram screening uptake was only 51.9%. By using statistical analysis simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression, we found that the most significant associated factors were age, clinical breast examination (CBE), level of knowledge and physician recommendation. The mammogram screening showed that most of the breast cancer findings in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 2 were at a rate of approximately 35.6%.
CONCLUSION: This study showed the prevalence of mammogram screening uptake among the female staff was 51.9% although the service is free, readily available and accessible. The older age group, CBE, physician recommendation and knowledge about breast cancer were the main associated factors for mammogram screening uptake in the female staff in this hospital. An education programme aimed at improving the knowledge and role of a physician in promoting mammogram screening among staff should be established.