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  1. Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Muhammad Said
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:421-427.
    Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment has developed in the last decade. Due to the characteristic and volume of POME,
    it needed a complete treatment to reduce the pollutant content. Three pre-treatments method, ultrafiltration, adsorption
    and decantation were applied prior to nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The polyethersulphone membrane, montmorillonite
    as the adsorbent and modern decanter was investigated in this research. Two types of NF membrane, named NF-1 and
    NF-ASP30 were used after pre-treatment. The removal of four important parameters were determined i.e. COD, TSS, colour
    and turbidity. The results showed that the adsorption and UF is better than decantation pre-treatment. The ultrafiltration
    and adsorption can reduce POME content more than 80% for all parameter while decantation varied between 40 and 80%.
    The combination of ultrafiltration and adsorption with both of NF membrane can removed almost all the parameter. But
    the decantation can only remove the turbidity but not for the rest of the parameters. Besides the POME content, the flux
    decline for both of NF membrane was also investigated. The flux of NF-1 membrane was higher than NF-ASP30 membrane
    but NF-ASP was more relative stable for the flux decline. Overall, NF-1 has better performance in flux decline.
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