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Population management in an urban center using the dynamic integrated solution for an adequate atmospheric environmental quality

Chai N, Mao C

Environ Res, 2022 Apr 01;205:112482.
PMID: 34871597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112482

Accelerated growth in urban populations has become a powerful force for human development, particularly in developed countries. Metropolitan cities are centers for technical and economic advancement, but air pollution, overflowing of water, and other climate effects still pose significant problems related to nature, climate, and the environment. Cities are vulnerable to increasingly dense, diverse, and interdependent urban systems. A single extreme occurrence can contribute to a systemic break-up of a city's infrastructure, often like dominoes. In this paper, a dynamic integration-assisted population management solution (DI-PMS) has been proposed. DI-PMS recognizes that the latest facilities' optimal usage of knowledge and technologies is needed to increase urbanization. They are one of the critical priorities of the weather community. Such integrated urban weather, environmental, and climate services will help cities address dangers including storms, floods, heatwaves, and air pollution, especially in climate change. The goal is to create urban facilities that satisfy communities' unique needs by high-resolution forecasting and pollution reduction climate services, which allow the construction of durable, robust, and thriving cities that support the Sustainable Development Goals. Several recent international surveys to explore these topics have been undertaken. DI-PMS gives a brief description of urban hydrometeorological, climate and air pollution activities, outlines the new urban integrated weather and environmental services concept, and emphasizes the need for science to be implemented.
Accuracy of globe-sparing orbital reconstruction using individually bent titanium mesh: A comparative study

Soh HY, Sun Q, Hu LH, Wang Y, Mao C, Peng X, et al.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 2022 Jan 23.
PMID: 35168922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.032

Accurate reconstruction of orbital and midfacial defects following extensive globe-sparing maxillectomy is challenging, due to the complex anatomy of facial skeleton. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of individually bent titanium mesh in navigation-assisted reconstruction of post-ablative orbits in comparison with that without intraoperative navigation. Forty-one patients undergone globe-sparing maxillectomy and orbital floor reconstruction using individually bent titanium mesh with or without intraoperative navigation were assessed. Pre- and postoperative orbital projection and volume measurements were performed on both orbits. The unaffected orbit was used as a control for comparison. True-to-original orbital reconstruction was achieved in this study. The average difference of globe projection and orbital volume between unaffected and reconstructed orbits was 0.8 ± 0.5 mm and 0.9 ± 1.2cm3, respectively, in navigation-assisted group. In non-navigation-assisted group, the average difference of globe projection and orbital volume of unaffected and reconstructed orbit was 0.7 ± 0.5 mm and 1.3 ± 1.3cm3, respectively. There was no statistical significance in mean differences between unaffected and affected globe projection (P = 0.744) and orbital volume (P = 0.677) in both groups. There was also no significant difference observed when comparing the mean differences between pre- and postoperative globe projection (P = 0.659) and orbital volume (P = 0.582) in both groups. While intraoperative navigation system was shown to be effective in orbital reconstruction in the past decade, equal satisfactory post-ablative orbital reconstruction can be achieved with individually bent titanium mesh with or without intraoperative navigation.
Fulltext Chromosome-level genome assembly of the humpback puffer, Tetraodon palembangensis

Zhang R, Li C, Yu M, Huang X, Zhang M, Liu S, et al.

GigaByte, 2021;2021:gigabyte17.
PMID: 36824331 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.17

The humpback puffer, Tetraodon palembangensis, is a poisonous freshwater pufferfish species mainly distributed in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Indonesia). The humpback puffer has many interesting biological features, such as inactivity, tetrodotoxin production and body expansion. Here, we report the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the humpback puffer. The genome size is 362 Mb, with a contig N50 value of ∼1.78 Mb and a scaffold N50 value of ∼15.8 Mb. Based on this genome assembly, ∼61.5 Mb (18.11%) repeat sequences were identified, 19,925 genes were annotated, and the function of 90.01% of these genes could be predicted. Finally, a phylogenetic tree of ten teleost fish species was constructed. This analysis suggests that the humpback puffer and T. nigroviridis share a common ancestor 18.1 million years ago (MYA), and diverged from T. rubripes 45.8 MYA. The humpback puffer genome will be a valuable genomic resource to illustrate possible mechanisms of tetrodotoxin synthesis and tolerance.
Fulltext Identification of Risk Loci for Parkinson Disease in Asians and Comparison of Risk Between Asians and Europeans: A Genome-Wide Association Study

Foo JN, Chew EGY, Chung SJ, Peng R, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, et al.

JAMA Neurol, 2020 06 01;77(6):746-754.
PMID: 32310270 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0428

Importance: Large-scale genome-wide association studies in the European population have identified 90 risk variants associated with Parkinson disease (PD); however, there are limited studies in the largest population worldwide (ie, Asian).
Objectives: To identify novel genome-wide significant loci for PD in Asian individuals and to compare genetic risk between Asian and European cohorts.
Design Setting, and Participants: Genome-wide association data generated from PD cases and controls in an Asian population (ie, Singapore/Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and South Korea) were collected from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, as part of an ongoing study. Results were combined with inverse variance meta-analysis, and replication of top loci in European and Japanese samples was performed. Discovery samples of 31 575 individuals passing quality control of 35 994 recruited were used, with a greater than 90% participation rate. A replication cohort of 1 926 361 European-ancestry and 3509 Japanese samples was analyzed. Parkinson disease was diagnosed using UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Criteria.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Genotypes of common variants, association with disease status, and polygenic risk scores.
Results: Of 31 575 samples identified, 6724 PD cases (mean [SD] age, 64.3 [10] years; age at onset, 58.8 [10.6] years; 3472 [53.2%] men) and 24 851 controls (age, 59.4 [11.4] years; 11 030 [45.0%] men) were analyzed in the discovery study. Eleven genome-wide significant loci were identified; 2 of these loci were novel (SV2C and WBSCR17) and 9 were previously found in Europeans. Replication in European-ancestry and Japanese samples showed robust association for SV2C (rs246814; odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11-1.21; P = 1.17 × 10-10 in meta-analysis of discovery and replication samples) but showed potential genetic heterogeneity at WBSCR17 (rs9638616; I2=67.1%; P = 3.40 × 10-3 for hetereogeneity). Polygenic risk score models including variants at these 11 loci were associated with a significant improvement in area under the curve over the model based on 78 European loci alone (63.1% vs 60.2%; P = 6.81 × 10-12).
Conclusions and Relevance: This study identified 2 apparently novel gene loci and found 9 previously identified European loci to be associated with PD in this large, meta-genome-wide association study in a worldwide population of Asian individuals and reports similarities and differences in genetic risk factors between Asian and European individuals in the risk for PD. These findings may lead to improved stratification of Asian patients and controls based on polygenic risk scores. Our findings have potential academic and clinical importance for risk stratification and precision medicine in Asia.