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Fulltext Growth inhibition and G2M cell cycle arrest induction by copper (II) complex on HT-29 human colon cancer cells

Sathiavani A., Vaisnevee S., Wong, Y. T., Foo, J. B., Low, M. L., Tor, Yin Sim

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):18-18.
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Introduction: Colon cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer death and current treatments often bring about undesired toxicities and resistance. Hence targeted therapeutic regimens for cancer are developed. Anticancer agent incorporated with copper has been synthesized to selectively target cancer cells that are reported to take up more copper compared to normal cells. Cu(SBCM)2 synthesized from the condensation of s-benzyldithiocarbazate and 3-aetylcoumarin was demonstrated to exhibit anti-proliferative effect towards MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the mode of cell death of Cu(SBCM)2 on colon cancer cells has not been explored. This study investigated the anti-cancer properties of Cu(SBCM)2 on HT-29, colorectal cancer cell line. Methods: The growth inhibition of the copper complex was determined using MTT assay and xCELLigence real time cell monitoring analysis. Results: Cu(SBCM)2 was shown to inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells significantly in time- and dose- dependent manner with IC50 of 25.23 ± 8.22 uM at 48 hours. Morphological studies using inverted light microscope indicating Cu(SBCM)2-treated HT-29 cells displayed characteristics of apoptosis such as cellular shrinkage and membrane blebbing. Cell cycle analysis was carried out using flowcytometer and Cu(SBCM)2 was found to induce G2M cell cycle arrest at 24 and 48 hours. ROS assay was carried out to determine the involvement of oxidative stress on Cu(SBCM)2 treated HT-29 cells. Nevertheless, results indicated Cu(SBCM)2 significantly suppressed the formation of ROS compared to control. Conclusion: In summary, Cu(SBCM)2 shows promising potential in cancer therapy against colon cancer cells.
Types and risk factors of ambulance accidents: A scoping review

Chew KS, Low MY

Med J Malaysia, 2022 Jan;77(1):60-70.
PMID: 35086996

BACKGROUND: A scoping review was conducted to map out the common research focusses on ambulance accidents, their key findings and some of the major knowledge gaps in this area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant, peer-reviewed, Englishlanguage articles on land ambulance accidents were independently searched by the authors using the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. Anecdotal reports, testimonies and stories in trade or popular magazines and other grey literature were excluded. Articles that do not directly address ambulance accidents were also excluded. Additional articles were identified from the reference lists of the selected articles and from Google search engine.
RESULTS: From an initial yield of 879 articles, 19 articles were included. Most of these articles were published from 2001 - 2005 (5 articles, 26.3%) and 2006 - 2010 (5 articles, 26.3%). Eighteen articles (78.3%) are original articles (18 articles, 78.3%) and another one article is a review article. Most of these articles focused on (1) the types of collisions and (2) the risk factors of ambulance accidents. Nine risk factors were identified to have contributed to ambulance accidents: (1) driving in urban areas (2) driving on dry road (3) the use of lights & sirens (4) the failure to use restraints (5) driving for emergency use (6) back seating (7) at road intersection (8) driver's previous records of accidents and (9) interfacility transfer. The two most common risk factors studied were (1) the use of lights & sirens and (2) driving at intersection.
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the above risk factors can be mapped into three categories of risk factors: task-related factors, vehicle-related factors and environment-related factors. The category of risk factors least studied is the category of driver-related factors.
Fulltext The Impact of Personalized Human Support on Engagement With Behavioral Intervention Technologies for Employee Mental Health: An Exploratory Retrospective Study

Jesuthasan J, Low M, Ong T

Front Digit Health, 2022;4:846375.
PMID: 35574254 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.846375

Digital healthcare has grown in popularity in recent years as a scalable solution to address increasing rates of mental illness among employees, but its clinical potential is limited by low engagement and adherence, particularly in open access interventions. Personalized guidance, involving structuring an intervention and tailoring it to the user to increase accountability and social support, is one way to increase engagement with digital health programs. This exploratory retrospective study therefore sought to examine the impact of guidance in the form of personalized prompts from a lay-person (i.e., non-health professional) on user's (N = 88) engagement with a 16-week Behavioral Intervention Technology targeting employee mental health and delivered through a mobile application. Chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used to examine differences in retention and engagement between individuals who received personalized prompts throughout their 4-month program and individuals for whom personalized prompts were introduced in the seventh week of their program. There were no significant differences between the groups in the number of weeks they remained active in the app (personalized messages group Mdn = 3.5, IQR = 3; control group Mdn = 2.5, IQR = 4.5; p = 0.472). In the first 3 weeks of the intervention program, the proportion of individuals who explored the educational modules feature and the messaging with health coaches feature was also not significantly associated with group (ps = 1.000). The number of modules completed and number of messages sent to health coaches in the first 3 weeks did not differ significantly between the two groups (ps ≥ 0.311). These results suggest that guidance from a non-health professional is limited in its ability to increase engagement with an open access Behavioral Intervention Technology for employees. Moreover, the findings suggest that the formation of a relationship between the individual and the agent providing the guidance may be necessary in order for personalized guidance to increase engagement.
Rapid determination of sildenafil and its analogues in dietary supplements using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Mokhtar SU, Chin ST, Kee CL, Low MY, Drummer OH, Marriott PJ

J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016 Mar 20;121:188-196.
PMID: 26808068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.034

Application of gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for identification, confirmation and quantification of 6 phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, dimethylsildenafil, homosildenafil, thiosildenafil, thiodimethylsildenafil and thiohomosildenafil) in dietary supplements was investigated. The MS was operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode, for better sensitivity and selectivity. In this manner, the method is adequate to reduce background noise with less interference from co-eluting compounds in the samples. Two different ionisation techniques, electron ionisation (EI) and chemical ionisation (CI), were studied and compared. The chromatographic separation was performed on a short 10 m non-polar capillary column without any derivatisation step. This permitted fast analysis for all analogues with retention time less than 11 min, for both techniques. Use of backflushing can aid method retention time reduction and improves column maintenance. Evaluation of method validation included limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), linearity, precision and recovery were performed for both EI and CI techniques. The LOD obtained varied from 0.03 to 1.50 μg/g and the LLOQ ranged from 0.10 to 5.00 μg/g. Good calibration linearity was obtained for all analogues for both techniques, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) higher than 0.99. Mean recoveries of all analogues using CI show higher values (83.4-108.8%) than that of EI (61.9-91.1%). The intra- and inter-assay precisions were evaluated for all analogues at spiked concentration of 10 μg/g and the relative standard deviation was less than 15% for both methods. These methods were then successfully applied to dietary supplement samples without prior derivatisation, confirming that the samples were adulterated with sildenafil and/or its analogues.
Fulltext A one year community-based study on the incidence of diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in urban and suburban Malaysian children

Yap KL, Yasmin AM, Wong YH, Ooi YE, Tan SC, Jegathesan M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):303-8.
PMID: 1303484

A 1 year longitudinal study of 156 Malaysian children from urban and suburban areas in the Klang Valley revealed that the incidence rate of diarrhoea was 23.6 per 100 person-year with abnormal faeces reported on 0.26% of the total days of observation. Diarrhoea cases were detected in children from all socioeconomic classes. Rotavirus was isolated from 12% of the diarrheic children and asymptomatic rotavirus infection occurred in 3.2% of the children. All rotaviruses isolated were group A rotaviruses with long electrophoretypic pattern.