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Unveiling the antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of Diospyros buxifolia leaf and stem extracts via GC-MS analysis

Basivi PK, Raman J, Tippana A, Kakani V, Kumar R, Rao PV, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2024 Nov 14.
PMID: 39543990 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2425804

Drug-resistant microorganisms pose a significant threat to public health as they can undermine the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and other medications. Additionally, the formation of free radicals, can contribute to various health problems. Diospyros buxifolia (D. buxifolia) belonging to Ebenaceae family is a large tropical evergreen tree utilised in traditional medicine to cure several health ailments. The present study was set out to separate bioactive speciation of aqueous and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves from D. buxifolia by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by evaluation of its antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. GC-MS identified 14 different bioactive compounds, with four compounds common for both (leaf and stem) extracts. The methanolic extracts of leaf demonstrated significant antibacterial activity) while stem extracts exhibited notable antioxidant potential. Thus, D. buxifolia is proved source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, that could address the challenges posed by drug-resistant microorganisms and oxidative stress in global health.
Coexistence of Colorectal Adenomas and Coronary Calcification in Asymptomatic Men and Women

Yun KE, Chang Y, Rampal S, Zhang Y, Cho J, Jung HS, et al.

J Clin Gastroenterol, 2018 07;52(6):508-514.
PMID: 28471937 DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000824

GOALS: Because of shared risk factors between clinically manifest cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer, we hypothesized the coexistence of subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA) and that these 2 processes would also share common risk factors.
BACKGROUND: No study has directly compared the risk factors associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and CRA.
STUDY: This was a cross-sectional study using multinomial logistic regression analysis of 4859 adults who participated in a health screening examination (2010 to 2011; analysis 2014 to 2015). CAC scores were categorized as 0, 1 to 100, or >100. Colonoscopy results were categorized as absent, low-risk, or high-risk CRA.
RESULTS: The prevalence of CAC>0, CAC 1 to 100 and >100 was 13.0%, 11.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. The prevalence of any CRA, low-risk CRA, and high-risk CRA was 15.1%, 13.0%, and 2.1%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for CAC>0 comparing participants with low-risk and high-risk CRA with those without any CRA were 1.35 (1.06-1.71) and 2.09 (1.29-3.39), respectively. Similarly, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for any CRA comparing participants with CAC 1 to 100 and CAC>100 with those with no CAC were 1.26 (1.00-1.6) and 2.07 (1.31-3.26), respectively. Age, smoking, diabetes, and family history of CRC were significantly associated with both conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed a graded association between CAC and CRA in apparently healthy individuals. The coexistence of both conditions further emphasizes the need for more evidence of comprehensive approaches to screening and the need to consider the impact of the high risk of coexisting disease in individuals with CAC or CRA, instead of piecemeal approaches restricted to the detection of each disease independently.
Relation of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load to Coronary Artery Calcium in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

Choi Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Kim MK, Ahn Y, et al.

Am J Cardiol, 2015 Aug 15;116(4):520-6.
PMID: 26073677 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.005

The relation between glycemic index, glycemic load, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between energy-adjusted glycemic index, glycemic load, and coronary artery calcium (CAC). This study was cross-sectional analysis of 28,429 asymptomatic Korean men and women (mean age 41.4 years) without a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent a health screening examination between March 2011 and April 2013, and dietary intake over the preceding year was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cardiac computed tomography was used for CAC scoring. The prevalence of detectable CAC (CAC score >0) was 12.4%. In multivariable-adjusted models, the CAC score ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of glycemic index and glycemic load were 1.74 (1.08 to 2.81; p trend = 0.03) and 3.04 (1.43 to 6.46; p trend = 0.005), respectively. These associations did not differ by clinical subgroups, including the participants at low cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, these findings suggest that high dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were associated with a greater prevalence and degree of CAC, with glycemic load having a stronger association.
Sleep duration, sleep quality, and markers of subclinical arterial disease in healthy men and women

Kim CW, Chang Y, Zhao D, Cainzos-Achirica M, Ryu S, Jung HS, et al.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2015 Oct;35(10):2238-45.
PMID: 26359509 DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306110

OBJECTIVE: Short and long sleep duration are associated with increased risk of clinical cardiovascular events, but the association between sleep duration and subclinical cardiovascular disease is not well established. We examined the association between sleep duration and sleep quality with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult men and women who underwent a health checkup examination, including assessment of sleep duration and quality and coupled with either CAC (n=29 203) or brachial-ankle PWV (n=18 106). The multivariate-adjusted CAC score ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing sleep durations of ≤5, 6, 8, and ≥9 hours with 7 hours of sleep were 1.50 (1.17-1.93), 1.34 (1.10-1.63), 1.37 (0.99-1.89), and 1.72 (0.90-3.28), respectively (P for quadratic trend=0.002). The corresponding average differences in brachial-ankle PWV were 6.7 (0.75-12.6), 2.9 (-1.7 to 7.4), 10.5 (4.5-16.5), and 9.6 (-0.7 to 19.8) cm/s, respectively (P for quadratic trend=0.019). Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with CAC in women but not in men, whereas the association between poor subjective sleep quality and brachial-ankle PWV was stronger in men than in women.
CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of apparently healthy men and women, extreme sleep duration and poor subjective sleep quality were associated with increased prevalence of CAC and higher PWV. Our results underscore the importance of an adequate quantity and quality of sleep to maintain cardiovascular health.
KEYWORDS: coronary calcification; pulse wave velocity; sleep duration; sleep quality; subclinical atherosclerosis
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Chang Y, Jung HS, Cho J, Zhang Y, Yun KE, Lazo M, et al.

Am J Gastroenterol, 2016 08;111(8):1133-40.
PMID: 27185080 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.178

OBJECTIVES: The risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among obese individuals without obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, a condition referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO), is largely unexplored. Therefore, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) categories and the development of NAFLD in a large cohort of metabolically healthy men and women.
METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in 77,425 men and women free of NAFLD and metabolic abnormalities at baseline, who were followed-up annually or biennially for an average of 4.5 years. Being metabolically healthy was defined as not having any metabolic syndrome component and having a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance <2.5. The presence of fatty liver was determined using ultrasound.
RESULTS: During 348,193.5 person-years of follow-up, 10,340 participants developed NAFLD (incidence rate, 29.7 per 1,000 person-years). The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident NAFLD comparing overweight and obese with normal-weight participants were 2.15 (2.06-2.26) and 3.55 (3.37-3.74), respectively. In detailed dose-response analyses, increasing baseline BMI showed a strong and approximately linear relationship with the incidence of NAFLD, with no threshold at no risk. This association was present in both men and women, although it was stronger in women (P for interaction <0.001), and it was evident in all clinically relevant subgroups evaluated, including participants with low inflammation status.
CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of strictly defined metabolically healthy men and women, overweight and obesity were strongly and progressively associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD, suggesting that the obese phenotype per se, regardless of metabolic abnormalities, can increase the risk of NAFLD.