MyMedR

Displaying all 7 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

A preliminary key to the common calliphorid flies of peninsular Malaysia (Insecta: Diptera)

Inder Singh K, Kurahashi H, Kano R

Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ., 1979 Mar;26(1):5-24.
PMID: 284861

A key to the common Calliphorid flies of Peninsular Malaysia is presented. Illustrations of the genitalia of some rare species, list of new localities, altitudes and other ecological data are also presented. The following species were recorded for the first time from Peninsular Malaysia; Catapicephala sinica, C. kurahashii, Taninanina javanica, Hemipyrellia tagaliana, Lucilia sinensis, Blaesoxipha kasterni, Boettcherisca javanica, Parasarcophaga misera, P. orchidea, P. albicephs, Sarcosolomonia crinita, Thyrsocnema bornensis, Sarcorohdendorfia antilope and Lioproctia pattoni.
Fulltext Feline sporotrichosis in Asia

Han HS, Kano R

Braz J Microbiol, 2021 Mar;52(1):125-134.
PMID: 32363567 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00274-5

Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato is currently recognized as a species complex with only Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa and Sporothrix pallida identified to cause disease in the cat. Feline sporotrichosis in Asia is mainly reported from Malaysia where a single clonal strain of clinical clade D, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto manifesting low susceptibility to major antifungal classes, has been identified as the agent of the disease. Sporothrix globosa has been identified to cause disease from a single cat in Japan while the specific species of agent has not been identified yet for the disease in Thailand. Despite efforts to elucidate and describe the pathogenicity of the agent and the disease it causes, the paucity of data highlights the need for further molecular epidemiological studies to characterize this fungus and the disease it causes in Asia. Its prognosis remains guarded to poor due to issues pertaining to cost, protracted treatment course, zoonotic potential and low susceptibility of some strains to antifungals.
Resistant level of houseflies to six kinds of synthetic insecticides in Malaysia

Hayashi A, Shinonaga S, Kano R, Hooi C, Singh I

Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ., 1978 Jun;25(2):83-6.
PMID: 275012

The resistant level of the houseflies to six kinds of insecticides, DDT, Resmethrin, DDVP, Baytex, Sumithion and Diazinon, was examined on the seven strains collected in Malaysia. It was found that their susceptibility is rather higher than that of the Takatsuki strain which is a standard strain in Japan. However, their susceptibility to Sumithion was the same or slightly lower than that of the Takatsuki strain. The resistant level to five of six kinds of insecticides was the highest in the strain of Cameron Highland. The values were close to Singh's data in 1973, and this means that the resistance of the houseflies to the insecticides is increasing in Malaysia.
Fulltext The first report of terbinafine resistance Microsporum canis from a cat

Hsiao YH, Chen C, Han HS, Kano R

J Vet Med Sci, 2018 Jun 06;80(6):898-900.
PMID: 29657238 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0680

A 2-year-old, exotic shorthair cat presented with baldness and mild scaling on trunk that was confirmed as Microsporum canis (M. canis) infection by the following methods. Wood's lamp and trichogram were used to demonstrate fungal elements suggestive of dermatophytosis consistent with M. canis. Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for identification. E-test and broth microdilution test were then utilized to estimate antifungal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) towards ITZ and TRF respectively. The strain was isolated from the patient and revealed TRF MIC >32 µg/ml and ITZ MIC 0.023 µg/ml. Patient was cured of dermatophytosis with systemic ITZ.
Comparison of two in vitro antifungal sensitivity tests and monitoring during therapy of Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in Malaysian cats

Han HS, Kano R, Chen C, Noli C

Vet Dermatol, 2017 Feb;28(1):156-e32.
PMID: 28133872 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12417

BACKGROUND: Feline sporotrichosis is common in Malaysia. Thermosensitivity and effects of azole treatment on fungal susceptibility are unknown.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate thermotolerance and antifungal susceptibility of feline Malaysian Sporothrix isolates, compare microdilution (MD) and E-test results, and investigate changes in susceptibility during azole therapy.
METHODS: Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto was isolated from 44 cats. Thermotolerance was determined via culture at 37°C for 7 days. Susceptibility to itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ) and terbinafine (TRB) was assessed in 40 isolates by MD; to amphotericin B (AMB), KTZ, ITZ, fluconazole (FLC) and posaconazole (POS) by E-test. Results were statistically compared by Pearson's Product Moment. In eight ketoconazole treated cats, susceptibility testing to itraconazole and ketoconazole was repeated every two months for six months.
RESULTS: Thermotolerance was observed in 36 of 44 (82%) isolates. Assuming that isolates growing at antifungal concentrations ≥4 mg/mL were resistant, all were resistant on E-test to FLC and AMB, 11 (28%) to POS, 6 (15%) to ITZ and 1 (3%) to KTZ. On MD, 27 of 40 (68%) were resistant to TRB, 2 (5%) to ITZ and 3 (8%) to KTZ. There was no correlation between E-test and MD results (KTZ r = 0.10, P = 0.54, and ITZ r = 0.11, P = 0.48). MD values for ITZ and KTZ did not exceed 4 mg/L during KTZ therapy.
CONCLUSION: The majority of feline isolates in Malaysia are thermosensitive. Lack of correlation between E-test and MD suggests that the E-test is unreliable to test antifungal susceptibility for Sporothrix spp. compared to MD. KTZ was the antifungal drug with the lowest MIC. Prolonged KTZ administration may not induce changes in antifungal susceptibility.
Molecular typing of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from cats in Malaysia

Kano R, Okubo M, Siew HH, Kamata H, Hasegawa A

Mycoses, 2015 Apr;58(4):220-4.
PMID: 25727965 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12302

Epidemiological data on the aetiologic agents of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia have not been reported, though human sporotrichosis in Malaysia is reported to be transmitted primarily via cat scratch. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first study of the molecular epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from cats with sporotrichosis in Malaysia. In the present work, we characterised 18 clinical isolates from cats in Malaysia based on molecular properties, including sequence analyses of the calmodulin gene and the rDNA ITS region and selective PCR of mating type (MAT) loci. In this study, isolates from feline sporotrichosis were identified as a S. schenckii sensu stricto by sequence analyses of the calmodulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Notably, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS confirmed assignment to clinical clade D (and not C) of S. schenckii sensu stricto. Therefore, clinical clade D of S. schenckii sensu stricto appeared to be the prevailing source of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia. The ratio of MAT1-1-1:MAT1-2-1 in these Malaysian isolates was found to be 1 : 0. This result suggested that a clonal strain of S. schenckii is the prevailing causative agent of feline sporotrichosis in Malaysia.
Resistance Mechanism in a Terbinafine-Resistant Strain of Microsporum canis

Kano R, Hsiao YH, Siew HH, Chen C, Hasegawa A, Kamata H

Mycopathologia, 2018 Jan 16.
PMID: 29340910 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0242-0

To clarify the terbinafine (TRF) resistance mechanism in a TRF-resistant strain of Microsporum canis, the expression of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR1), multidrug resistance (MDR1), MDR2 and MDR4 genes were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, given the known interaction of the corresponding proteins with antifungals and with the efflux blocker FK506. The expression of the PDR1, MDR1, MDR2 and MDR4 genes was 2-4 times higher in the TRF-resistant strain grown in the presence of 0.14 µg/mL of TRF than in TRF-susceptible strains cultured in the absence of TRF. The TRF-resistant strain exhibited MICs of > 32 µg/mL for TRF alone; this resistance was attenuated to an MIC of 8 µg/mL in the presence of FK506, indicating that the TRF inhibitory concentration index value was