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Clinical Outcomes of Topical Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization

Jamaludin MI, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Cheng TC

Cureus, 2024 May;16(5):e59548.
PMID: 38707752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59548

Background and objective In corneal neovascularization, the peri-corneal vascular structure grows into a normally avascular cornea. This is due to an imbalance between the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors that sustain corneal transparency. There are various etiologies of this condition, and they can be divided into infective or non-infective causes, such as inflammation, trauma, or surgical causes. Corneal neovascularization has been shown to improve with the current treatments using steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical bevacizumab as an anti-angiogenic agent in patients with corneal neovascularization. Methods This retrospective study included patients who suffered corneal neovascularization of various etiologies and completed six months of topical bevacizumab therapy between 2020 and 2022 at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Results A total of 16 patients received treatment with topical bevacizumab over the three-year study period. Based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. Eight patients (66%) showed improvement in terms of either 'clock hours' of improvement, morphology, or regression of corneal neovascularization. All infective causes of corneal neovascularization showed improvement on completion of bevacizumab compared to other causes. Conclusion Topical bevacizumab can be one of the treatment choices for corneal neovascularization. As the outcome varies depending on the severity and chronicity of the condition, the attending ophthalmologist should treat each case differently. Although topical bevacizumab is more effective in mild and moderate cases, the indications for its use in chronic cases remain debatable as the results are unfavorable in such cases.
Phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica

Ain QU, Iqbal MO, Khan IA, Bano N, Naeem M, Jamaludin MI, et al.

Am J Transl Res, 2023;15(7):4533-4543.
PMID: 37560231

OBJECTIVE: Plant-based natural antioxidants have a wide variety of biological activities with significant therapeutic value. Mangifera indica has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments in animals and human, but little is defined about its biological or pharmacological effects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica.
METHODS: To investigate the possible impact of aqueous-methanolic leaf extract of M. indica on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyrexia, we used a combined in vitro and in vivo series of experiments on laboratory animals.
RESULTS: Results revealed significant antioxidant potential in 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, while significant but dose dependent antipyretic potential was documented in typhoid-paratyphoid A and B (TAB) vaccine and prostaglandin E (PGE) induced pyrexia models. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed in both acute and chronic inflammatory models of arachidonic acid and formalin. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of M. Indica confirmed the presence of mangiferin, quercetin, and isoquercetin. These phytoconstituents likely play a role in the observed biological activities. Our results show that M. indica has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, lending credence to its traditional use and advocating for its utilization as a viable contender in treating oxidative stress-associated ailments.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Magnifera indica has various properties in the treatment of various diseases.
A 10-year sociodemographic study of suicide cases

Jamaludin MI, Hafiz WH, Shatnawi RS, Shafee MS, Mohd Nor F

Malays J Pathol, 2024 Aug;46(2):287-293.
PMID: 39207005

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of suicide presents a significant public health challenge globally, affecting diverse populations around the world. This study is motivated by the urgency to tackle suicide as a crucial public health issue on a global level, according to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the General Programme of Work and Mental Health Action by the World Health Organization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was performed at the Forensic Unit of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, spanning a retrospective analysis covering 2012 to 2021. A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyse the patterns of suicide and the sociodemographic characteristics of the cases.
RESULTS: The findings show monthly variations and a recent increase in suicide rates, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. Analysis of suicide methods indicates that hanging is the most common suicide method, which accounts for almost half of the sample population, followed by jumping from a height and burning charcoal. Adult males are primarily implicated in suicidal acts, and the study reveals unique trends among different age groups, genders and employment statuses.
CONCLUSION: This study aims to offer thorough insights and comprehension into suicide within the Malaysian sociodemographic framework. Consequently, it could furnish valuable insights for public health authorities and governmental bodies.
Fulltext Topographically Distinguished Microbiome Taxonomy and Stress-Response Genes of Royal Belum Rainforest and Raja Muda Musa Peat Swamp Revealed through Metagenomic Inquisition

Ahmad MF, Abdullah H, Hassan MN, Jamaludin MI, Sivam A, Komatsu K, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Jan 03;24(1).
PMID: 36614337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010872

Soil ecosystems are home to a diverse range of microorganisms, but they are only partially understood because no single-cell sequencing or whole-community sequencing provides a complete picture of these complex communities. Using one of such metagenomics approaches, we succeeded in monitoring the microbial diversity and stress-response gene in the soil samples. This study aims to test whether known differences in taxonomic diversity and composition are reflected in functional gene profiles by implementing whole gene sequencing (WGS) metagenomic analysis of geographically dispersed soils from two distinct pristine forests. The study was commenced by sequencing three rainforest soil samples and three peat swamp soil samples. Soil richness effects were assessed by exploring the changes in specific functional gene abundances to elucidate physiological constraints acting on different soil systems and identify variance in functional pathways relevant to soil biogeochemical cycling. Proteobacteria shows abundances of microbial diversity for 52.15% in Royal Belum Reserved Forest and 48.28% in Raja Musa; 177 out of 1,391,841 and 449 out of 3,586,577 protein coding represent acidic stress-response genes for Royal Belum and Raja Musa, respectively. Raja Musa indicates pH 2.5, which is extremely acidic. The analysis of the taxonomic community showed that Royal Belum soils are dominated by bacteria (98% in Sungai Kooi (SK), 98% in Sungai Papan (SP), and 98% in Sungai Ruok (SR), Archaea (0.9% in SK, 0.9% in SP, and 1% in SR), and the remaining were classed under Eukaryota and viruses. Likewise, the soils of Raja Muda Musa are also dominated by bacteria (95% in Raja Musa 1 (RM1), 98% in Raja Musa 2 (RM2), and 96% in Raja Musa 3 (RM3)), followed by Archaea (4% in RM1, 1% in RM2, and 3% in RM3), and the remaining were classed under Eukaryota and viruses. This study revealed that RBFR (Royal Belum Foresr Reserve) and RMFR (Raja Musa Forest Reserve) metagenomes contained abundant stress-related genes assigned to various stress-response pathways, many of which did not show any difference among samples from both sites. Our findings indicate that the structure and functional potential of the microbial community will be altered by future environmental potential as the first glimpse of both the taxonomic and functional composition of soil microbial communities.