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Fulltext Hypophosphatemia in the intensive care unit: incidence, predictors and management.

Basri, M.N., Janattul, A.J., Azrina, M.R., Abdul Hadi, M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(1):31-36.
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Introduction: Our objectives are to identify the incidence of hypophosphatemia and the associated risk factors. We also want to establish intravenous replacement therapy that is effective for ICU patients. Methods: A prospective observational study assessing adults admitted to ICU in between March and May 2009. All patients without baseline phosphate level and renal failure were excluded. They were evaluated for the occurrence of common risk factors. Association with independent variables that includes age, gender and BMI were verified. Evaluation of IV replacement therapy was done in the treated patients. Results: From 50 patients that were reviewed, nine were excluded. There were 66% male and 34% female with mean age 46.88±17.89. The mean ICU stay was 8.00±6.41 days. The incidence of hypophosphatemia was 29% (n=12/41). Gender and
creatinine clearance was found to be significantly different between normophosphatemia and
hypophosphatemia patients. There was no significant association for each potential risk factor and the number of risk factors (≥3) with the incidence of hypophosphatemia. Multi-linear regression analysis showed that lactate, creatinine clearance and pH were significant predictors to the serum levels. A significant difference of mean serum phosphate was seen after repletion by total dose of 10, 20 and 40 mmols in the treatment subgroups. Conclusions: The incidence of hypophosphatemia in our ICU was high and comparable to previous studies. None of the commonly reported risk factors is associated with hypophosphatemia in this studied population. Among all significant correlated variables, only pH was found to be a significant predictor for serum phosphate. Baseline phosphate level may guide the initial replacement dose to prevent delay in normalization of serum levels.
Fulltext High Frequency Oscillating Ventilation (HFOV) in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Report.

Azrina, M.R., Basri, M.N., Abdul Hadi, M., Fahmi, M.L., Asmarawati, M.Y., Ariff, O.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(1):51-53.
MyJurnal

High frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV) provides a rescue therapy for patients with refractory hypoxaemia in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HFOV utilizes high mean airway pressures to maintain an open lung and low tidal volumes at a high frequency that allows for adequate ventilation while at the same time preventing alveolar overdistension. This seems to be an ideal lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI)2. We reported a case of severe extrapulmonary ARDS secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia responding to the use of HFOV.
Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline@Aluminium-Succinate Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanocomposite and Its Application for Zn(II) Ion Sensing

Alsafrani AE, Adeosun WA, Marwani HM, Khan I, Jawaid M, Asiri AM, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Sep 30;13(19).
PMID: 34641198 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193383

A new class of conductive metal-organic framework (MOF), polyaniline- aluminum succinate (PANI@Al-SA) nanocomposite was prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer using potassium persulfate as an oxidant. Several analytical techniques such as FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, XPS and TGA-DTA were utilized to characterize the obtained MOFs nanocomposite. DC electrical conductivity of polymer-MOFs was determined by four probe method. A bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by nafion/PANI@Al-SA, and examined for Zn (II) ion detection. Modified electrode showed improved efficiency by 91.9%. The modified electrode (PANI@Al-SA/nafion/GCE) exhibited good catalytic property and highly selectivity towards Zn(II) ion. A linear dynamic range of 2.8-228.6 µM was obtained with detection limit of LOD 0.59 µM and excellent sensitivity of 7.14 µA µM-1 cm-2. The designed procedure for Zn (II) ion detection in real sample exhibited good stability in terms of repeatability, reproducibility and not affected by likely interferents. Therefore, the developed procedure is promising for quantification of Zn(II) ion in real samples.
Fulltext Characterization of activated carbons from oil-palm shell by CO2 activation with no holding carbonization temperature

Herawan SG, Hadi MS, Ayob MR, Putra A

ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:624865.
PMID: 23737721 DOI: 10.1155/2013/624865

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2 activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2 adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.
Knowledge and perception of breast cancer among women of various ethnic groups in the state of Penang: a cross-sectional survey

Abdul Hadi M, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Awaisu A

Med Princ Pract, 2010;19(1):61-7.
PMID: 19996622 DOI: 10.1159/000252837

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perception of breast cancer among women of various ethnic groups in the state of Penang.
Fulltext Venous gas embolism following hydrogen peroxide irrigation during debridement of chronic osteomyelitis lesion

Shukrimi A, Aminudin CA, Azril MA, Hadi MR

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:88-90.
PMID: 17042238

We report a case of a previously healthy 53-year-old man who developed an intra-operative catastrophic event occurring in association with the use of hydrogen peroxide for wound irrigation following surgical debridement of a chronic osteomyelitis lesion of the humerus. It is our intention to highlight this potentially fatal consequence of hydrogen peroxide irrigation as part of bone debridement procedure. This case will serve as a reminder to orthopaedic surgeons who frequently use hydrogen peroxide in their surgical practice.
Gender Differences in Treatment Outcome among Tuberculosis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in Pakistan

Khan AH, Israr M, Mateen O, Hadi MA, Aftab RA

West Indian Med J, 2015 Dec 15.
PMID: 27399217 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.234

Gender differences among tuberculosis (TB) patients are notable; however, studies evaluating the impact of gender on treatment outcomes have reported inconsistent results.
Compacton existence and spin-orbit density dependence in Bose-Einstein condensates

Abdullaev FK, Hadi MSA, Umarov B, Taib LA, Salerno M

Phys Rev E, 2023 Apr;107(4-1):044218.
PMID: 37198780 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.044218

We demonstrate the existence of compactons matter waves in binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) trapped in deep optical lattices (OL) subjected to equal contributions of intraspecies Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (SOC) under periodic time modulations of the intraspecies scattering length. We show that these modulations lead to a rescaling of the SOC parameters that involves the density imbalance of the two components. This gives rise to density dependent SOC parameters that strongly influence the existence and the stability of compacton matter waves. The stability of SOC-compactons is investigated both by linear stability analysis and by time integrations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We find that SOC restricts the parameter ranges for stable stationary SOC-compacton existence but, on the other side, it gives a more stringent signature of their occurrence. In particular, SOC-compactons should appear when the intraspecies interactions and the number of atoms in the two components are perfectly balanced (or close to being balanced for the metastable case). The possibility to use SOC-compactons as a tool for indirect measurements of the number of atoms and/or the intraspecies interactions is also suggested.
Fulltext Exploring the natural products chemical space to abrogate the F3L-dsRNA interface of monkeypox virus to enhance the immune responses using molecular screening and free energy calculations

Suleman M, Ahmad T, Shah K, Albekairi NA, Alshammari A, Khan A, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2023;14:1328308.
PMID: 38269277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328308

Amid the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, there is an urgent need for the rapid development of effective therapeutic interventions capable of countering the immune evasion mechanisms employed by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The evasion strategy involves the binding of the F3L protein to dsRNA, resulting in diminished interferon (IFN) production. Consequently, our current research focuses on utilizing virtual drug screening techniques to target the RNA binding domain of the F3L protein. Out of the 954 compounds within the South African natural compound database, only four demonstrated notable docking scores: -6.55, -6.47, -6.37, and -6.35 kcal/mol. The dissociation constant (KD) analysis revealed a stronger binding affinity of the top hits 1-4 (-5.34, -5.32, -5.29, and -5.36 kcal/mol) with the F3L in the MPXV. All-atom simulations of the top-ranked hits 1 to 4 consistently exhibited stable dynamics, suggesting their potential to interact effectively with interface residues. This was further substantiated through analyses of parameters such as radius of gyration (Rg), Root Mean Square Fluctuation, and hydrogen bonding. Cumulative assessments of binding free energy confirmed the top-performing candidates among all the compounds, with values of -35.90, -52.74, -28.17, and -32.11 kcal/mol for top hits 1-4, respectively. These results indicate that compounds top hit 1-4 could hold significant promise for advancing innovative drug therapies, suggesting their suitability for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Abrogation of ORF8-IRF3 binding interface with Carbon nanotube derivatives to rescue the host immune system against SARS-CoV-2 by using molecular screening and simulation approaches

Suleman M, Murshed A, Imran K, Khan A, Ali Z, Albekairi NA, et al.

BMC Chem, 2024 May 11;18(1):99.
PMID: 38734638 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01185-4

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to over six million deaths worldwide. In human immune system, the type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway plays a crucial role in fighting viral infections. However, the ORF8 protein of the virus evade the immune system by interacting with IRF3, hindering its nuclear translocation and consequently downregulate the type I IFN signaling pathway. To block the binding of ORF8-IRF3 and inhibit viral pathogenesis a quick discovery of an inhibitor molecule is needed. Therefore, in the present study, the interface between the ORF8 and IRF3 was targeted on a high-affinity carbon nanotube by using computational tools. After analysis of 62 carbon nanotubes by multiple docking with the induced fit model, the top five compounds with high docking scores of - 7.94 kcal/mol, - 7.92 kcal/mol, - 7.28 kcal/mol, - 7.19 kcal/mol and - 7.09 kcal/mol (top hit1-5) were found to have inhibitory activity against the ORF8-IRF3 complex. Molecular dynamics analysis of the complexes revealed the high compactness of residues, stable binding, and strong hydrogen binding network among the ORF8-nanotubes complexes. Moreover, the total binding free energy for top hit1-5 was calculated to be - 43.21 ± 0.90 kcal/mol, - 41.17 ± 0.99 kcal/mol, - 48.85 ± 0.62 kcal/mol, - 43.49 ± 0.77 kcal/mol, and - 31.18 ± 0.78 kcal/mol respectively. These results strongly suggest that the identified top five nanotubes (hit1-5) possess significant potential for advancing and exploring innovative drug therapies. This underscores their suitability for subsequent in vivo and in vitro experiments, marking them as promising candidates worthy of further investigation.
Fulltext Molecular screening of phytocompounds targeting the interface between influenza A NS1 and TRIM25 to enhance host immune responses

Suleman M, Sayaf AM, Khan A, Khan SA, Albekairi NA, Alshammari A, et al.

J Infect Public Health, 2024 Jul;17(7):102448.
PMID: 38815532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.005

BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus causes severe respiratory illnesses, especially in developing nations where most child deaths under 5 occur due to lower respiratory tract infections. The RIG-I protein acts as a sensor for viral dsRNA, triggering interferon production through K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains synthesized by TRIM25. However, the influenza A virus's NS1 protein hinders this process by binding to TRIM25, disrupting its association with RIG-I and preventing downstream interferon signalling, contributing to the virus's evasion of the immune response.
METHODS: In our study we used structural-based drug designing, molecular simulation, and binding free energy approaches to identify the potent phytocompounds from various natural product databases (>100,000 compounds) able to inhibit the binding of NS1 with the TRIM25.
RESULTS: The molecular screening identified EA-8411902 and EA-19951545 from East African Natural Products Database, NA-390261 and NA-71 from North African Natural Products Database, SA-65230 and SA- 4477104 from South African Natural Compounds Database, NEA- 361 and NEA- 4524784 from North-East African Natural Products Database, TCM-4444713 and TCM-6056 from Traditional Chinese Medicines Database as top hits. The molecular docking and binding free energies results revealed that these compounds have high affinity with the specific active site residues (Leu95, Ser99, and Tyr89) involved in the interaction with TRIM25. Additionally, analysis of structural dynamics, binding free energy, and dissociation constants demonstrates a notably stronger binding affinity of these compounds with the NS1 protein. Moreover, all selected compounds exhibit exceptional ADMET properties, including high water solubility, gastrointestinal absorption, and an absence of hepatotoxicity, while adhering to Lipinski's rule.
CONCLUSION: Our molecular simulation findings highlight that the identified compounds demonstrate high affinity for specific active site residues involved in the NS1-TRIM25 interaction, exhibit exceptional ADMET properties, and adhere to drug-likeness criteria, thus presenting promising candidates for further development as antiviral agents against influenza A virus infections.
Aggressive diuretic therapy for a large solitary lung lesion

Mohd Firdaus MAB, Zulkafli H, Said MR, Hadi MF, Sukhari S, Arjan Singh RS

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):750-751.
PMID: 33219192

Pseudotumour of the lung is a rare chest x-ray finding among patients who present with fluid overload. It is caused by loculated pleural effusion in the lung fissures. Unfortunately, the occurrence of pseudotumour can be misleading and sometimes can lead to unnecessary investigation and emotional stress to the patient. We present here a case of a 61-year-old gentleman with a known history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia who presented at University Malaya Medical Centre with symptoms of fluid overload and a right middle lobe mass on chest x-ray. The right middle lobe mass disappeared entirely after being treated with aggressive diuretic therapy. A diagnosis of pseudotumour was made and described in this case report.
Potential use of the cholesterol transfer inhibitor U18666A as an antiviral drug for research on various viral infections

Assefi M, Bijan Rostami R, Ebrahimi M, Altafi M, Tehrany PM, Zaidan HK, et al.

Microb Pathog, 2023 Apr 01;179:106096.
PMID: 37011734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106096

Cholesterol plays critical functions in arranging the biophysical attributes of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane. For various viruses, an association with cholesterol for virus entrance and/or morphogenesis has been demonstrated. Therefore, the lipid metabolic pathways and the combination of membranes could be targeted to selectively suppress the virus replication steps as a basis for antiviral treatment. U18666A is a cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) that affects intracellular transport and cholesterol production. A robust tool for investigating lysosomal cholesterol transfer and Ebola virus infection is an androstenolone derived termed U18666A that suppresses three enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis mechanism. In addition, U18666A inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced downregulation of LDL receptor and triggered lysosomal aggregation of cholesterol. According to reports, U18666A inhibits the reproduction of baculoviruses, filoviruses, hepatitis, coronaviruses, pseudorabies, HIV, influenza, and flaviviruses, as well as chikungunya and flaviviruses. U18666A-treated viral infections may act as a novel in vitro model system to elucidate the cholesterol mechanism of several viral infections. In this article, we discuss the mechanism and function of U18666A as a potent tool for studying cholesterol mechanisms in various viral infections.
First reported cases of Borrelia and dengue co-infection: A case series

Irekeola AA, Ahmed N, Abdul Hadi MI, Yung TC, Mohd Shukri MF, Mafauzy MM, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2024 Sep 01;41(3):316-318.
PMID: 39548786 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.012

Dengue fever is one of the most common diagnoses in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in tropical countries. Borrelia, on the other hand, is the cause of vector-borne infections of relapsing fever and Lyme disease. While co-infections of dengue with chikungunya, Zika, malaria, influenza and typhoid have been reported, clinical cases of Borrelia infections have never been reported in Malaysia. Based on available evidence, this is the first case series to report dengue fever and Borrelia spp. co-infection. All three patients in this report were admitted to medical wards on day 3 to day 8 of illness for dengue fever as evidenced by a positive dengue NS1 antigen test. The clinical manifestations were typical of dengue fever, with all patients having high grade fever, myalgia, and arthralgia. All patients also had thrombocytopenia. Features of severe dengue, such as shock, hemorrhage and impaired consciousness were absent. Borrelia DNA were detected in the blood samples of the patients. However, all the patients denied having skin lesions and a history of insect bites. All the patients were given intravenous fluid therapy and were discharged after 3 to 5 days of hospitalization.

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