The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1992 has reported a 60Co gamma factor ГIAEA-Co-60 as 0.351 mSv m-2 (GBq h)-1. Experiments that were carried-out in 2003 at the Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology (MINT) obtained a gamma factor, ГEKS-Co-60 as 0.368 + 0.017 mSv m-2 (GBq j)-1. Despite a difference of 4.84%, ГEKS-Co-60 is considered closer to ГIAEA-Co-60 as three previously reported value have recorded a larger difference. In fact, the range of ГEKS-Co-60 i.e. 0.351-0.385 covers ГIAEA-Co-60.
[Badan Tenaga Atom Antarabangsa (IAEA) pada tahun 1992 telah melaporkan faktor gama 60Co, ГIAEA-Co-60 sebagai 0.351 mSv m-2 (GBqj)-1. Eksperimen yang dilakukan di Institut Penyelidikan Teknologi Nuklear (MINT) pada tahun 2003 mendapati faktor gama 60Co, ГEKS-Co-60 sebagai 0.368 + 0.017 mSv m-2 (GBq j)-1. Walaupun perbezaan sebanyak 4.84%, ГEKS-Co-60 dianggap dekat dengan ГIAEA-Co-60, kerana tiga nilai yang dilaporkan sebelum ini mempunyai perbezaan yang lebih besar. Lagipun, julat ГEKS-Co-60 iaitu 0.351-0.385 merangkumi ГIAEA-Co-60].
In this study, we investigated the conductivity enhancement of calix[8]arene-multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) thin film.
Two types of calix[8]arenes were used, which were 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-p-tert-butyl-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-
oktakis[(carboxy)-pentoxy] -calix[8]arene (C[8]1) and 49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56 -octahydroxycalix[8]arene (C[8]2).
The monolayer properties of these two types of calix[8]arene on water subphase were examined. Later, the thin films
were fabricated by combining different ratios of each types of calix[8]arene with MWCNTs using spin coating deposition
technique. Then, the developed thin films were characterized using surface potential meter and four point probe. Thin
films of C[8]2 with hydroxyl groups at lower rims demonstrated higher surface potential and conductivity as compared
to the thin films of C[8]1 with upper rims of tert-butyl groups and lower rims of carboxyl groups. These results indicated
that the conductivity of calixarene thin films can be enhanced by MWCNTs through simple spin coating technique.