Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma (PGLKS) is an uncommon variant of Kaposi
sarcoma (KS), which mimics benign pyogenic granuloma both clinically and histologically. We
report a case of PGLKS of the toe occurring in a HIV-positive individual. It presented as a 2cm
skin swelling of 2 weeks’ duration which was clinically felt to be a pyogenic granuloma.
Histopathological examination revealed a polypoid atypical vascular lesion with overlying
peripheral epidermal collarette. Spindle cell proliferation typically seen in KS was also
identified, which was positive for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) by immunohistochemistry,
confirming the diagnosis of PGLKS. Upon review of the literature, our case is the 29th case of
PGLKS reported to date, and only the sixth in Asian population. Particular attention to
histomorphology, and demonstration of HHV8 in lesional tissue will aid accurate diagnosis of
this rare entity.
Tocotrienols have been reported to possess potent cholesterol lowering, anti-hypertensive, antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative properties which are superior to tocopherols. Emerging evidence suggests pure tocotrienols have anti-atherogenic properties. However, optimal doses of oftocotrienolrich fraction (TRF) in progressive atherogenesis remain unclear. This animal model experiment was designed to investigate the effects of a range concentration of TRF supplementation on the extent of atherosclerosis and soluble lipids, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induced hypercholesterolaemic (HC) rabbits with atherosclerosis. A total of 28 New Zealand white rabbits were given 1% high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for two months and then randomised into five groups: Placebo (n=7), TRF 15 mg/kg (n=5), TRF 30 mg/kg (n=6), TRF 60 mg/kg (n=5) and TRF 90 mg/kg (n=5) daily. The treatment was given for three months and the animals were fed HCD throughout the duration. Aortic vessels were obtained to assess the extent of atherosclerotic lesions at the end of the study. Fasting serum lipids (FSL), C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane levels were measured at baseline, one and two months post-HCD, one, two, and three months postintervention. There were no differences in the extent of the atherosclerotic lesions, percentage changes of FSL, MDA, 8-isoprostane and CRP levels between the placebo and TRF groups. In conclusion, TRF across all doses studied have neutral effects on atherosclerotic lesions, soluble lipids, biomarkers of oxidative stress, coronary risk and inflammation in severely atherosclerotic rabbits with progressive and continuous insult by high cholesterol feeding.
The Wnt signalling pathway involves in the pathogenesis of human diseases and one of the pathways that contribute to embryogenic development. Studies about the Wnt pathway have unfolded its regulation in many cancer cell mechanisms such as cell survival, migration, polarity, and cell multiplication. Moreover, the Wnt pathway has a significant role in cell fate determination and self-renewal in stem cells. Oral cancer shares significant concern among clinicians and researchers. However, there are only a few studies done on oral cancer and its correlation with the Wnt pathway. The expression of Wnt gene members in many malignancy diseases which included oral cancer has proven a high inverse correlation with malignancy diseases and malignancy progression. Metastasis which predominantly occurred through the lymphatic system has been the principal cause of mortality in oral cancer and affected to cancer stage, main tumour site, cancer cell differentiation and cancer cell adhesion potency. With intention of contributing to oral pathology and oral medicine research and knowledge advancement, particularly in the oral cancer area, this article presents current findings regarding the Wnt pathway and its multiple mechanisms associated with the treatment of oral carcinogenesis through Wnt pathway signalling.