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Fulltext Tele-echocardiography - Made for astronauts, now in hospitals

Balasingam M, Ebrahim J, Ariffin IA

Indian Heart J, 2017 Mar-Apr;69(2):252-254.
PMID: 28460775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.01.010

Telemedicine, ie 'the delivery of healthcare and sharing of medical knowledge using telecommunication systems' has penetrated every field of medicine. As a result, tele-echocardiography, the study of the heart via telemedicine started expanding. Ironically, space became the next frontier for mankind's new innovations and technology pursuit. However, the microgravity environment of space is known to be challenging to astronauts hearts. As such, new tele-echocardiography techniques have evolved. The main aim was to research a system that can be operated by a layperson but still be able to provide high yield diagnostic information in real time to specialists on earth. This spin-off space technology is recognized to have a positive impact, especially in developing countries with vast terrain. It is now utilized in hospitals and other terrestial locations where patients in remote regions can have their hearts analysed and data relayed to specialists in bigger centres for interpretation and further management.
Internal morphometry of thoracic pedicles in the immature spine

Hassan E, Liau KM, Ariffin I, Halim Yusof A

Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2010 Jun 1;35(13):1253-6.
PMID: 20461037 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c1172b

A cross sectional study of thoracic pedicle morphometry in the immature spine of Malaysian population using reformatted computed tomographic (CT) images.
Measurement of bioelectric and acoustic profile of breast tissue using hybrid magnetoacoustic method for cancer detection

Salim MI, Supriyanto E, Haueisen J, Ariffin I, Ahmad AH, Rosidi B

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2013 Apr;51(4):459-66.
PMID: 23238828 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-1014-5

This paper proposes a novel hybrid magnetoacoustic measurement (HMM) system aiming at breast cancer detection. HMM combines ultrasound and magnetism for the simultaneous assessment of bioelectric and acoustic profiles of breast tissue. HMM is demonstrated on breast tissue samples, which are exposed to 9.8 MHz ultrasound wave with the presence of a 0.25 Tesla static magnetic field. The interaction between the ultrasound wave and the magnetic field in the breast tissue results in Lorentz Force that produces a magnetoacoustic voltage output, proportional to breast tissue conductivity. Simultaneously, the ultrasound wave is sensed back by the ultrasound receiver for tissue acoustic evaluation. Experiments are performed on gel phantoms and real breast tissue samples harvested from laboratory mice. Ultrasound wave characterization results show that normal breast tissue experiences higher attenuation compared with cancerous tissue. The mean magnetoacoustic voltage results for normal tissue are lower than that for the cancerous tissue group. In conclusion, the combination of acoustic and bioelectric measurements is a promising approach for breast cancer diagnosis.
The effects of ω-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

Muzammil K, Khaleel AQ, Merza MS, Kyada A, Ariffin IA, Verma S, et al.

Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2024 Sep 05.
PMID: 39243880 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106887

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Taking into account the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of omega-3 fatty acids and the evidence indicating the role of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology diabetes, this study aimed to determine the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
METHODS: A systematic search up to July 30, 2023 was completed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, to identify eligible RCTs. Heterogeneity tests of the selected studies were performed using the I2. Random effects models were assessed and pooled data were determined as standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% CI.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis of 23 trials, involving 1,523 patients, demonstrated a significant decrease in TNF-α (SMD: -1.62, 95% CI: -2.89 to -0.35, P= 0.013) and increase in TAC (SMD: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.52, P = 0.002) following ω-3 fatty acids administration. Meanwhile, supplementation did not have beneficial effects on malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein (CRP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interlukin-6 levels. The subgroup analysis revealed a significant decrease in CRP levels and an increase in SOD levels in studies with durations of less than 12 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that ω-3 fatty acid intake can significantly decrease TNF-α and increase TAC levels, but this effect was not observed on other markers. Nevertheless, future well-designed with large sample size and long duration RCT studies with precise ω-3 fatty acids dose and ingredients are required to understand better the effects of these compounds and their constituents on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in T2DM patients.
Targeting notch-related lncRNAs in cancer: Insights into molecular regulation and therapeutic potential

Siddique R, Gupta G, Mgm J, Kumar A, Kaur H, Ariffin IA, et al.

Pathol Res Pract, 2024 May;257:155282.
PMID: 38608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155282

Cancer is a group of diseases marked by unchecked cell proliferation and the ability for the disease to metastasize to different body areas. Enhancements in treatment and early detection are crucial for improved outcomes. LncRNAs are RNA molecules that encode proteins and have a length of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs are crucial for chromatin architecture, gene regulation, and other cellular activities that impact both normal growth & pathological processes, even though they are unable to code for proteins. LncRNAs have emerged as significant regulators in the study of cancer biology, with a focus on their intricate function in the Notch signaling pathway. The imbalance of this pathway is often linked to a variety of malignancies. Notch signaling is essential for cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and death. The cellular response is shaped by these lncRNAs through their modulation of essential Notch pathway constituents such as receptors, ligands, and downstream effectors around it. Furthermore, a variety of cancer types exhibit irregular expression of Notch-related lncRNAs, underscoring their potential use as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Gaining an understanding of the molecular processes behind the interaction between the Notch pathway and lncRNAs will help you better understand the intricate regulatory networks that control the development of cancer. This can open up new possibilities for individualized treatment plans and focused therapeutic interventions. The intricate relationships between lncRNAs & the Notch pathway in cancer are examined in this review.
Targeting the lung tumor microenvironment by phytochemicals and their nanoformulations

Obaidur Rab S, Altalbawy FMA, Chandra M, Ariffin IA, Kaur P, Rathore G, et al.

Pathol Res Pract, 2024 Dec;264:155679.
PMID: 39500198 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155679

Lung malignancies are among the most prevalent and foremost causes of tumor-related deaths. Despite significant advancements in the understanding and management of lung cancer, resistance to traditional treatments remains a significant challenge. Understanding and targeting tumor microenvironment (TME) have attracted interest in the recent decade for eliminating various solid tumors. The lung TME has a crucial position in tumor expansion and therapy failure, driving it an engaging target for novel medicinal interventions. Plant-derived products offer a promising avenue for targeting TME due to their diverse chemical structures and biological activities. However, their clinical use is hindered by insufficient bioavailability and also possible systemic toxicity. The use of nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for natural products can overcome these challenges and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. This review article explores the potential of plant-derived products as medicinal agents for targeting lung TME. We provide an outline of the present knowledge of lung TME and explain the mechanisms by which plant-derived products can modulate key components of this microenvironment. The promising impacts and properties of nanoparticles for the delivery of these derivatives into lung tumors will also be discussed. We also review the preclinical and clinical findings for supporting the usefulness of these agents in targeting lung TME. Additionally, we highlight the challenges and forthcoming trends in the development of plant-derived products as targeted therapies for lung cancer, with a particular focus on combination therapies.