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  1. Fulltext Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf
    Aboul-Soud MAM, Ashour AE, Challis JK, Ahmed AF, Kumar A, Nassrallah A, et al.
    Plants (Basel), 2020 Sep 30;9(10).
    PMID: 33008079 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101295
    Organic fractions and extracts of willow (Salix safsaf) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H2O2 with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.
  2. Fulltext Exploring Promising Therapies for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A ClinicalTrials.gov Analysis
    Hegazi OE, Alalalmeh SO, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Alourfi MM, Bokhari GA, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2024;17:545-561.
    PMID: 38327733 DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S448476
    BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease and has been increasing in recent years. To date, no FDA-approved drug specifically targets NAFLD.

    METHODS: The terms "Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" and "NAFLD" were used in a search of ClinicalTrials.gov on August 24, 2023. Two evaluators independently examined the trials using predetermined eligibility criteria. Studies had to be interventional, NAFLD focused, in Phase IV, and completed to be eligible for this review.

    RESULTS: The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for trials examining pharmacotherapeutics in NAFLD. The search revealed 1364 trials, with 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. Out of these, 19 were finalized for evaluation. The dominant intervention model was Parallel. The most prevalent studies were in Korea (26.3%) and China (21.1%). The most common intervention was metformin (12.1%), with others like Exenatide and Pioglitazone accounting for 9.1%.

    CONCLUSION: Therapeutics used to manage NAFLD are limited. However, various medications offer potential benefits. Further investigations are definitely warranted.

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