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Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 9913 in total

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Malaysia culls pigs as Nipah virus strikes again

Ahmad K

Lancet, 2000 Jul 15;356(9225):230.
PMID: 10963210
Fulltext Work-family conflict among married professional women in Malaysia

Ahmad A

J Soc Psychol, 1996 Oct;136(5):663-5.
PMID: 8942323 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1996.9714054
Comparison between two ultrasonic units in shaping curved canals in teeth using macroradiography

Ahmad M

Endod Dent Traumatol, 1991 Apr;7(2):55-8.
PMID: 1782894

The efficacy of two ultrasonic units in shaping curved canals in teeth were compared. Twenty teeth were instrumented using the Cavi-Endo unit at a power setting 1 using the technique recommended by the manufacturer. Another group of 20 teeth received similar treatment but were instrumented with the Enac unit. The time taken to instrument each canal was recorded. The pre- and post-instrumented radiographs of the teeth of x 10 magnification were taken using a microfocal technique. The radiographs were subjected to a subtraction technique to result in composite images of the pre- and post-instrumented shapes. The canal shape and the incidence of elbows were evaluated using various measurements taken from the radiographs. The manner the dentine was removed was similar in both groups. All canals exhibited unequal removal along the canal with more dentine being removed at the coronal end. The Enac group exhibited a higher incidence of elbows which occurred further apically than those in the Cavi-Endo group. There was no significant difference between groups in the following: time of instrumentation, amount of apical and coronal canal enlargement, apical deviation and change in width at the elbow. These findings were no different from those of another study using simulated canals.
Some observations on the mechanics of oscillation of ultrasonic files

Ahmad M

Endod Dent Traumatol, 1990 Feb;6(1):12-5.
PMID: 2202589

The resonant characteristics of ultrasonic files driven by the Cavi-Endo unit were examined. The investigation was carried out by evaluating the pattern of oscillation and the power emitted by the ultrasonic files. It was observed that the files oscillated in a sinusoidal fashion, exhibiting a standing wave pattern along the file. The power emitted was found to be directly proportional to the flexibility of the file. Such behaviour is typical of a system that exhibits resonance.
Shape of the root canal after ultrasonic instrumentation with K-Flex files

Ahmad M

Endod Dent Traumatol, 1990 Jun;6(3):104-8.
PMID: 2079012
Measurements of temperature generated by ultrasonic file in vitro

Ahmad M

Endod Dent Traumatol, 1990 Oct;6(5):230-1.
PMID: 2133315

The temperature rise of the irrigant in the root canal during free vibration of the ultrasonic file was studied in vitro in 10 human teeth. The mean temperature rise was found to be 0.6 degrees C. The minimal temperature increase may not significantly contribute to the effectiveness of ultrasonic root canal instrumentation.
Breast-feeding in some developing countries

Ahmad M

Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev, 1979;13(1-2):168-86.
PMID: 12312263

PIP: Responses to questions relating to breastfeeding in the World Fertility Surveys of South Korea, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Bangladesh are analyzed. Of these countries, the percentage of ever-married women who had breastfed in the last closed interval was between 94-99%, except for Malaysia (81%) and average number of months breastfeeding took place was from 16.5-19.2, except for Malaysia (7.3). The infant mortality rate in these countries was 33/1000 live births for South Korea, 45/1000 for Malaysia, 51/1000 for Sri Lanka, 137/1000 for Indonesia, 150/1000 for Bangladesh, and 152/1000 for Nepal. Responses, however, might vary according to different interview situations. Assuming that the reporting errors are of similar magnitude and direction, the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and the birth interval can be studied. But it is possible that breastfeeding was prolonged due to other reasons for which conception was delayed; thus the regression of breastfeeding duration on the birth interval is not as logical as the regression of the birth interval on the breastfeeding is, especially when habitual breastfeeding can be avoided. The negative relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality does exist, assuming that a woman breastfeeds all her children for similar durations. Some breastfeeding differentials are place of residence (less for rural areas), education (reduces duration), and religion (Christians have shorter duration than Muslims, Hindus, or Buddhists). In South Korea the mean length of breastfeeding of women aged 25-34 and 35-44 are 17.5 and 20.5, and women using contraceptives are 26% for 25-34 and 20% for 35-44. South Korea also has the highest level of breastfeeding, highest incidence of ever use of contraceptives, and a very low level of fertility. Nepal and Bangladesh have a high level of breastfeeding but since their contraceptive incidence is low, their fertility level remains high. Some areas of further research include influence of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality.
Research and development on functional foods in Malaysia

Ahmad S

Nutr Rev, 1996 Nov;54(11 Pt 2):S169-71.
PMID: 9110599
An international view of surgically assisted conception and surrogacy tourism

Ahmad N

Med Leg J, 2011;79(Pt 4):135-45.
PMID: 22156300 DOI: 10.1258/mlj.2011.011029

Modern medicine, specifically assisted reproductive technology (ART), has overtaken the law in many jurisdictions around the world. New technologies and practices open a Pandora's Box of ethical, religious, social and legal questions, and may present a variety of significant legal problems to the courts and legislators. Surrogate motherhood and pregnancy through ART have both attracted controversy. Some groups condemn ART and want it banned while its supporters acknowledge there is a need for legislative guidelines and regulations. A proposed statute, the Assisted Reproductive Technique Services Act, aimed at regulating reproductive technologies, including surrogacy arrangements, will be introduced in the Malaysian parliament, probably in 2012, and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2010 is already before the Indian parliament. This paper will discuss several of the potential socio-legal issues surrounding ART in the light of the complex situation, with a comparative analysis of the Malaysian, USA, UK and Indian positions.
Discharging patients: A perspective from speech-language pathologists working in public hospitals in Malaysia

Ahmad K

Int J Speech Lang Pathol, 2010 Aug;12(4):317-9; discussion 329-32.
PMID: 20590514 DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2010.483017

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) practising in Malaysia face similar dilemmas as their counterparts in more developed countries when it comes to deciding on discharge/termination of services for their patients. Furthermore, discharge dilemmas appear to be a frequent and inevitable part of their everyday practice. In an interview conducted for the purpose of this paper, it was clear that many SLPs found it difficult to articulate or justify the process they took to reach a decision on whether or not to terminate their services or discharge their patients. Much of the difficulty is anchored on the need to be realistic and function within the confines of limited resources. Malaysian SLPs were aware of the ideals that had to be abandoned along the way but had not allowed guilt to dissuade or discourage them from providing what they perceived as the next best available service. The not-so ideal decisions made by these SLPs may be frowned upon by international standards but must be examined within the local historical perspective of the development of the SLP profession in Malaysia. The dilemma will continue until the country produces SLPs in sufficient numbers but the profession is reminded that less-than-ideal practices may perpetuate over time into unhealthy traditions that will require major efforts to be undone.
Enhancing Sustainability in Healthcare Delivery-A Challenge to the New Malaysia

Ahmad D

Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jan;26(1):1-4.
PMID: 30914889 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.1.1

There have been substantial improvements in the health indicators since Malaysia achieved independence. These were accomplished through strong primary healthcare services addressing maternal and paediatric health, as well as the successful control of communicable diseases. The rate of decline in the mortality statistics has been at a virtual standstill, or at best, almost plateaued since 2000. However, with the plethora of national health issues at both the policy and delivery levels, we cannot continue on with 'business as usual'. Therefore, we must strategise effective and practical approaches to a renewed and revamped national healthcare services for a modern 'New Malaysia' that are compatible with our quest toward the status of a 'truly developed' nation.
Roles of the university in disaster management

Ahmad R

Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jul;14(2):1-3.
PMID: 22993485 MyJurnal
Gynaecological malignancies

Adlan A

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:39-42.
Fulltext An insight into the masticatory performance of complete denture wearer

Ahmad, S.F.

Ann Dent, 2006;13(1):24-33.
MyJurnal

To date there is no standard protocol on evaluation of the masticatory performance in complete denture wearer even though many methods had been described in the literature for measurement of the masticatory performance of the complete denture wearers. The masticatory performances were measured either subjectively or objectively, but no positive correlation was found between subjective and objective measurement. Therefore, there is a need to standardize the objective measurement, as subjective measurements rely on patients’ perceptions, which is not reliable. Intra individual and inter individual variations that exist support the need to standardize the method of measurement.
Fulltext Amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) induced psychosis: A rising problems in Malaysia

Ahmad, H.S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17(2):1-4.
MyJurnal

The past decade has seen a marked increase in the popularity of ATS use, particularly methamphetamine, within East Asia,and the Pacific region. In Malaysia, the National Anti Drug Agency has identified 8,870 addicts (from January till August 2008) out of which 1,126 was ATS dependence. During the same period, the police have arrested 46,388 people under the Dangerous Drug Act 1952. They also has seize 283kg of syabu, 545kg of ecstacy powder, 66194 tablets of esctacy pills and 222,376 tablets of yaba pills from Jan till August this year. The occurrence of psychosis arising from the use of ATS was first reported in the late 1930's. With growing ATS use, particularly methamphetamine, ATS-induced psychosis has become a major impact on public health.Symptoms of ATS-induced psychosis: Methamphetamine use produces a variety of effects, ranging from irritability, to physical aggression, hyperawareness, hypervigilance, and psychomotor agitation. Repeated or high-dose use of the stimulant can cause drug-induced psychosis resembling paranoid schizophrenia, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders. When used in long term, methamphetamine may lead to development of psychiatric symptoms due to dopamine depletion in the striatum. The most common lifetime psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine psychotic patients - as reported in a cross-country study involving Australia, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand - are persecutory delusion, auditory hallucinations, strange or unusual beliefs and thought reading. Those patients were also reported to suffer from impaired speech, psychomotor retardation, depression and anxiety. An ATS psychosis can be distinguished from primary psychotic disorders by time. In ATS-induced psychosis symptoms usually resolve after the drug is discontinued. If symptoms do not resolve within 2 weeks after cessation of stimulant use, a primary psychiatric disorder should be suspected. When compared with other stimulants, such as cocaine, psychosis is induced more commonly by ATS, possibly due to the longer duration of action produced by amphetamines.For example, while smoking cocaine produces a high that lasts for 20-30 minutes, smoking methamphetamine produces a high that lasts 8-24 hours. Other symptoms of ATS-induced psychosis reported include affective blunting,(6) violent behavior, and self-mutilation and self-injurious behavior.
Fulltext Digital mapping using low altitude UAV

Anuar Ahmad

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(3):51-58.
MyJurnal

Normally, topographic map is produced using aerial photogrammetry. The recent development in aerial photogrammetry is the use of large format digital aerial camera for producing topographic map, however, the cost of the camera is too expensive and many mapping organization around the world could not afford to purchase it. In certain application, there is a need to map small area with limited budget. This issue has been solved by using small format camera (i.e. conventional or digital) to produce digital map. This study concentrates on the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for producing digital map. UAV has been widely used in military for reconnaissance, planning, combat, and etc. Today, UAV can be used by civilian for reconnaissance, monitoring, mapping, and others. The objectives of this study are to investigate the capability of UAV in producing digital map and assess the accuracy of mapping using UAV. In this study, a light weight fixed wing UAV was used as a platform and a high resolution digital camera was used to acquire aerial digital images of the study area. The aerial digital images were acquired at low altitude. After capturing the aerial digital images, ground control points and check points were established using GPS. Then the aerial digital images were processed using photogrammetric software. The output of the study is a digital map and digital orthophoto. For accuracy assessment, the root mean square error (RMSE) is used. Based on the assessment, the results showed that accuracy of sub-meter can be obtained using the procedure and method used in the study. In conclusion, this study shows that UAV can be used for producing digital map at sub-meter accuracy and it can also be used for diversified applications.
Fulltext Role of oil palm breeding in wealth creation and quality of life

Ahmad Kushairi

Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2010;16(1):6-9.
MyJurnal

Quality of planting materials determines future successes of plantations and subsequent endeavours in the life cycle. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) breeding triggered an industry in Malaysia through “Plant Introduction” with the establishment of the first oil palm plantation. At the wake of the oil palm industry, plantations utilised the dura planting material. The hallmark discovery of the single gene inheritance for shell thickness led to the prolific dura x pisifera (DxP) derived tenera planting material. Subsequent parental inbred lines developed in recurrent selections, crossed and progeny tested exploiting heterosis had boosted yields. Further improvements were foresighted and executed in the widening of the genetic pool and collections of germplasm in centres of origin/diversity in Africa and Latin America. Field Genebank of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) forms the world’s largest ex situ oil palm conservation programme. This programme enabled the developments of elite breeding populations harbouring specialty oils and products. Meanwhile, opening of large oil palm areas by the Federal Land Development Authority (Felda) set the momentum in rapid expansion of the industry. Felda is an exemplary in wealth creation and quality of life (QOL). Resettlements of landless farmers into Felda schemes, employing modern farming, mainly in oil palm has helped eradicate poverty and uplifting QOL among settlers, employees and their families. Impacts of the success in wealth creation and its distribution leading to better QOL, rooted from breeding through the supply of quality planting materials. Phenotypic expressions of the planting materials were realised through genotypic and environment interactions; the former through breeding, the latter through agronomic practices. Efforts in oil palm breeding helped paved the way to a mammoth industry, contributing to the nation economic growths, impacting livelihood of the people. Further progress in yield is expected from clones, where breeding has a role in the supply of quality ortets. Genetic potential of planting materials can be further exploited through interdisciplinary approach in breeding, biotechnology and genomics. With continuing wealth creation, the oil palm saga continues. Once wealth is created, QOL will follow.
Work-family conflict among dual-earner couples: Comparisons by gender and profession

Ahmad A

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2005;19:1-12.
Fulltext Students perception and satisfactory level in preclinical fixed prosthodontic teaching: post and core

Marlynda Ahmad, Natasya Ahmad Tarib

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2008;29(2):128-134.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Preclinical teaching using simulation is very beneficial in training dental graduates. The use of laboratory simulation for its undergraduate training during the preclinical years has been used in dental education. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate student’s perception, self evaluation and satisfactory level in preparing duralay burn-out post and core in preclinical fixed prosthodontics sessions.

Materials and Methods: The participants comprised of 104 fourth year dental undergraduates in the Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The students had undergone preclinical session for endodontics during the 3rd year and had already completed root canal treatment on single rooted tooth. The same tooth was used for preclinical post and core preparation. The gutta percha was partially removed and the root canal was prepared. They then proceeded with the preparation of duralay build-up/pattern based on the lecture, video demonstration and manual given. Once completed and satisfied with their work, students were asked to answer the questionnaires in the simulation manual.

Results: Student response rate was 88.46% (92/104). Majority of the students were satisfied with their canal preparation, with about 5mm gutta percha left apically, appropriately shaped canal with sufficient retention and resistance form. They also thought that the surface of the duralay was good with no voids. With regards to the coronal preparation, majority of them incorporated ferrule effect and prepared preliminary crown preparation. More than half of the students claimed the level of difficulty of this procedure was moderate. Furthermore, majority of them said that the lecture and the preclinical manual were sufficient and helpful. The help from the supervisors was also benefit in preparing duralay burnout post and core.

Conclusions: From this study, majority of fourth year dental students could perform appropriate canal preparation as well as duralay pattern post and core. Only one student did not feel competent and confident in doing canal preparation and duralay pattern post and core. Our teaching methods and aids were proven to help them in preparing these tasks.
Fulltext The relationship between psychosocial distress and oral health status in patients with facial burns and mediation by oral health behaviour

Chaudhary FA, Ahmad B

BMC Oral Health, 2021 04 01;21(1):172.
PMID: 33794862 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01532-0

BACKGROUND: There is limited discussion on the influence of psychosocial factors on the oral health of patients with a facial burn injury. This report investigated the relationship between oral health and psychosocial distress in patients with facial burns and the role of oral health behaviour in mediating the relationship.
METHODS: The data were part of a cross-sectional study that had systematically and randomly selected patients with > 10% total burn surface area from a burn centre in Pakistan. The oral health status (DMFT, CPI, OHI-S) and severity of facial disfigurement were assessed. Validated instruments in the Urdu language were self-administered and information relating to oral health behaviour (brushing and dental visits), oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14), satisfaction with appearance, self-esteem, anxiety and depression, resilience, and social support were collected. The statistical analyses included simple linear regression, Pearson correlation, t-test, and ANOVA. Mediation analysis was carried out to examine the indirect effect by oral health behaviour.
RESULTS: From a total of 271 participants, the majority had moderate to severe facial disfigurement (89%), low self-esteem (74.5%), and moderate to high levels of social support (95%). The level of satisfaction with appearance was low, whereas anxiety and depression were high. Disfigurement and satisfaction with appearance were associated with lower self-esteem and social support (p

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